Use Your Ear

Use Your Ear

Use Your Ear is the one and only ear training method based on real scientific proofs. This method guides people through the right step-by-step process of developing relative pitch and achieving an instinctive and effortless sense of musicality.
Are you struggling in the process of developing your musical hearing skills? Are you practicing intervals exercises many hours a day but you're not seeing any improvement?
Stay tuned, I created this channel in order to clarify everything about the process of aural skills development and providing you solid scientific proofs on how our musical perception works.
Find more info about the "Use Your Ear" method at www.useyourear.com

Пікірлер

  • @triggerhappydad65
    @triggerhappydad65Күн бұрын

    Yes please! 😁 Amateur song writer here, I need all the help I can get. I've written some fairly good songs on acoustic guitar. *at least that's what I'm told😉* But they're all usually somewhere within the same 6 or 8 chords (possibly more, but not by much). I have at least a half dozen songs that are over 10 years old, that I know for a fact, need a little something "extra", to be considered a finished work.

  • @marshac1479
    @marshac14797 күн бұрын

    Good video. I already knew everything covered in the video but it was presented in a great way. It will definitely help beginners.

  • @underfilho
    @underfilho8 күн бұрын

    sounds like lies to we buy your course

  • @EGDmitry
    @EGDmitry8 күн бұрын

    would be interesting to see 10 attempts of 8 note melodies each. there is a big difference between getting the progression once in a while from the first attempt vs getting it consistently. i’d like to see how many attempts it takes him on average.

  • @1oolabob
    @1oolabob10 күн бұрын

    This does seem like very good content, but I need to say that yellow and cyan isn't the best color choice for your graphic of a keyboard. It makes the graphic less clear. Black and white is high-contrast and easier on the eyes. An off-white and a dark gray would be fine too. The cyan on yellow is blurry.

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me11 күн бұрын

    I’ve learned the scale degrees, like you said you’ve to sing down the scale mentally to hit any degree you want… I’ve practiced that alot but my speed isn’t good enough to sing it directly… but when i sing degrees individually, i can hit the desired scale degree most of the time but not always.. what should i do to get it correct everytime? And can practicing it only by singing make it’s speed faster enough to sing the degrees instantly?

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me11 күн бұрын

    In how much time can we learn complete intonation in your course?

  • @constantinosmichaelides9166
    @constantinosmichaelides916612 күн бұрын

    Good Evening from Cyprus

  • @MarkB-SnowyMtn
    @MarkB-SnowyMtn12 күн бұрын

    Excellent explanation of the fundamentals of music theory. This would have helped me immensely before I started studying music theory in college. Also, I cannot recommend the Use Your Ear course highly enough. I have been a semi-professional guitarist for 50 years. I now understand music theory inside and out, but my interval recognition skills have always been frustratingly weak. Use Your Ear has been like a bolt out of the sky in advancing my relative pitch skills!

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar12 күн бұрын

    Hi Mark, it's awesome to hear that. I'm glad you're finding our course so helpful. Thank you for the support! 😉

  • @lamouralice4533
    @lamouralice453312 күн бұрын

    This is so cool thanks so much

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar12 күн бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me12 күн бұрын

    Do you mean the notes outside the key by non-diatonic notes etc?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar12 күн бұрын

    yes!

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me12 күн бұрын

    There’re many chords that can be build on any scale degree, do we have to learn the feeling each chord type in each scale degree? And many major chords in some major scale degrees involve the notes of minor scale, what about that?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar12 күн бұрын

    Start out by recognizing the 7 basic triads included in the tonality. When you got them the others usually aren't much of an issue.

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me11 күн бұрын

    Do you mean the ones that only includes the major notes for every note of the chord?

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me15 күн бұрын

    Does the 12 degrees sound the same in any key or scale?

  • @auriocabrini2797
    @auriocabrini279715 күн бұрын

    Recognize each note in relation to the tonality of the piece? Did I understand correctly? But every note bring it's harmonic meaning in relation to the foundamental of the chord. In a standard there are constant modulation. So...? Thank u

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me16 күн бұрын

    How to identify chords by ear if we can already recognize or sing the scale?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Here is our video on that kzread.info/dash/bejne/f4hkwaN8g72Zcto.html

  • @11kwright
    @11kwright18 күн бұрын

    OMG this is intuitive for me as I instinctively refused to move on until I have all the major key totally down. Then the sharps and move onto chords. But as a self taught pianist was too hard to put into words, I just feel what is right. This makes absolute sense. However, am I missing something as can’t find the website to do the free course. However, I’ve just the seen the price of the course and I guess it’s another one for the wealthy. Why so expensive?! It’s not very inclusive!😢 I will be doing the freebie of course.😊

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar18 күн бұрын

    Hi @11kwright, just to clarify. The course includes 8 hours of video lessons, tons of audio and pdf files to practice with and it's the best and most through representation of our method. It required years of research, testing and development to create our method and one entire year to produce this course and put it together. This is by far the best ear training method available, especially when it comes to developing perception and understanding of musical pitch. It's not comparable to anything else in terms of effectiveness, clarity and depth of explanations, specific instructions on exactly how to think when performing each ear training task, etc. Most people learn to recognize chords and melodies by ear alone in just a few months of following the course. It only costs the equivalent of 2 or 3 months of music lessons with a private teacher who, best case scenario "doesn't know anything about ear training", worst case scenario "will make you frustrated and waste a lot of your time and energy in practicing the wrong exercises". For what our course offers, holding off on lessons with your private music teacher for two or three months and investing that money in a serious ear training course seems like a no-brainer to me, as what you learn here will fundamentally change how you interact with and connect to music for the rest of your life. However, if you are not prepared to allocate any funds towards a private music teacher, then this course might not be for you. It is specifically designed for individuals who are deeply committed to their musical skills. I'm sorry if this reply seemed a bit aggressive, I just wanted to clarify.

  • @guseynismayylov1945
    @guseynismayylov194518 күн бұрын

    But is it still useful to recognize types of intervals by ear?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar18 күн бұрын

    Hi thanks for your comment, no it's not useful for most musicians. It's actually counterproductive, especially for beginners and intermediate level musicians. Please check out this video where I explain why kzread.info/dash/bejne/f5amz8SSkazPlLw.htmlfeature=shared

  • @em_the_bee
    @em_the_bee18 күн бұрын

    Imagine unironically using AI to generate video descriptions xD

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    I'm not getting the point, feel free to explain.

  • @havenprice
    @havenprice18 күн бұрын

    Idk man maybe its cause this is not the training video but it seems as though being also to identify the colour is a step but not the end all, just an additional facet that can help

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    It's not an additional facet, it's the starting point. If you don't have that, there is no point in working on developing anything else. After you have that skill then you can build on top of it. But that skill alone will put you on a totally another level, as it allows to recognize most melodies/chords very quickly. Hope that's clearer.

  • @jakubb4784
    @jakubb478420 күн бұрын

    I love this video! :)

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar18 күн бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @tod3273
    @tod327320 күн бұрын

    Nothing but a sales pitch for something expensive developed around strong opinions

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    I'm sorry to having to correct you but it's something expensive developed around a deep scientific understanding of it (through real scientific studies as you can see in this video kzread.info/dash/bejne/iJaX0sabj5XMlaw.html ) and a ton of real evidence based on the results our students get, as you can see here: Melodic recognition improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/mZ-ttceLnre-j5s.html Chord recognition improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/fHVpuK-flJzVo6Q.html Musical memory improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/aaijlZOGgrXZms4.html Lastly, I kindly invite you to watch what our students think about our "Strong opinions" here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/aaSKps2sZtG5daQ.html There are more than 2000 students inside our course, so quite a lot of people that have a "strong opinion".

  • @ligneoricciolo
    @ligneoricciolo20 күн бұрын

    Sono sorda profonda dalla nascita, sento con gli apparecchi acustici. Suono il violoncello e sto studiando al conservatorio. Devo superare l’esame di dettato melodico, le sto provando tutte. Personalmente, cerco di riconoscere le note proprio in base al loro colore (il do risuona in modo aperto e riposante, il re è un po’ più ‘di testa’ rispetto al do ma non troppo, il mi e il fa sono vicini ma il mi è un po’ più ‘tagliente’ mentre il fa è più ‘aperto’ e dolce, il sol è a metà tra una cosa ‘di testa’ e toracica, ecc…) in poche parole ascolto le sensazioni che danno le note, anche perché mi baso sull’ascolto vibrazionale. Ci sono delle note che riconosco più facilmente, e altre che ancora non riesco a riconoscere ma perché devo finire di lavorare su ogni nota, confrontandola con le altre, ascoltando sempre le sensazioni. Gli intervalli mi confondono, perché sento gli armonici e, ad esempio, rischio di confondere un sol con un mi, perchè fanno parte di una progressione armonica.

  • @ligneoricciolo
    @ligneoricciolo20 күн бұрын

    Cioè se suono un sol dopo aver suonato un do, potrei confondere il sol con il mi, oppure da un re se suono il fa diesis potrei sentirlo come un la, e così via…

  • @floragiliberti4200
    @floragiliberti420021 күн бұрын

    Mi chiamo Gaetano Marotti sono un polistrumentista autodidatta non credo che l orecchio assoluto sia un dono di natura perché sono intonato e chi è intonato le note le sente tutte.per acquisire l orecchio assoluto bisogna invece fare il solfeggio cantato al diapason e memorizzare spartiti di musica

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Grazie per il commento

  • @hartvenessa
    @hartvenessa22 күн бұрын

    I’m loving this channel and will be following you. Music Therapy is my path.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Thank you

  • @floragiliberti4200
    @floragiliberti420024 күн бұрын

    L orecchio assoluto secondo me non è un dono di natura ma solo un abitudine al solfeggio cantato per perdere l orecchio assoluto e molto semplice basta fare il solfeggio cantato al contrario basta cioè chiamare ogni nota con nome diverso da quello convenzionale.

  • @Hans_Magnusson
    @Hans_Magnusson26 күн бұрын

    לא!

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    ?

  • @augustinechinnappanmuthria7042
    @augustinechinnappanmuthria704228 күн бұрын

    Super super super lovely tips Augustine violinist

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Thank you very much

  • @augustinechinnappanmuthria7042
    @augustinechinnappanmuthria704229 күн бұрын

    Super super super lovely tips Augustine violinist from Malaysia

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    All the best

  • @augustinechinnappanmuthria7042
    @augustinechinnappanmuthria704229 күн бұрын

    Super super super lovely Augustine violinist from Malaysia

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Thanks

  • @endubsar7442
    @endubsar7442Ай бұрын

    If ur a music teacher my friend , i feel sorry for ur students

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    There are thousands of students following our method, they don't feel sorry at all, they are really happy about it. Check them out here kzread.info/dash/bejne/aaSKps2sZtG5daQ.html You can also see their results in these videos here: Melodic recognition improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/mZ-ttceLnre-j5s.html Chord recognition improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/fHVpuK-flJzVo6Q.html Musical memory improvement kzread.info/dash/bejne/aaijlZOGgrXZms4.html

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-meАй бұрын

    Rather than just telling us the knowledge of the skills, it’s more important to tell us the approach or method to achieve those skills.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    Absolutely! That's why we have an entire 8-hour long video course, where we laid out our entire science-based, step by step method. The course also includes all the exercises (audio and pdf). It's an all in one solution to fix ear training problems once and for all. You can check out our course here www.useyourear.com/

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me16 күн бұрын

    But it’s easier through something like app which we can practice anytime and anywhere we want.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    @@I-is-me You're right, as for now things are only available through our course. Software development is very expensive, and the ear training market is kinda small. I bet you get that these 2 things don't go well together. So it's not that easy to create an app that works well without a lot of budget.

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me16 күн бұрын

    Then won’t an ebook do the work, people will know what to do and they can practice anytime. It’s really efficient.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEar16 күн бұрын

    @@I-is-me No it won't

  • @mariadelasmercedeslosadara2296
    @mariadelasmercedeslosadara2296Ай бұрын

    ❤i found it very interesting indeed !🎉 so 1st of all i've to buy a computer & so on and so forth 😮😊❤🎉 . Me Maria delas Mercedes Losada. Love it! So do I have to purchase this " maravilloso " musical online system ? How much is it ? And will i attend zoom lessons or by KZread ?? Or .. let's say oops ... i want to know if I'll be receiving by Amazon my box of this musical system ?? Love it !@. Posh .😊 Bye~bye for now .🎉

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Hi Maria, thanks for your comment. Our course is entirely online and it's available directly from our website. Please check it out here www.useyourear.com/

  • @gnosimon
    @gnosimonАй бұрын

    this was epiphematically useless

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    But also epiphematically right! Thanks

  • @user-te9lp4tx2r
    @user-te9lp4tx2rАй бұрын

    I've been floundering on guitar for 30yrs, when i was a teenager I peaked because i have no ear, kids i taught guitar would take off and be able to play anything and i stayed the same

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thanks for your comment. I hope this video clarifies what might have gone wrong in your past experiences.

  • @floragiliberti4200
    @floragiliberti4200Ай бұрын

    La melodia è una successione di note che si può eseguire in tonalità differente se lei sa trasportare la melodia con le sue corde vocali scoprirà di avere avuto un dono di natura quello della trasposizione tonale pertanto lei ha un orecchio perfetto e non relativo .lei sente tutte le note e tutti gli intervalli. In tutti i toni

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    grazie per il commento.

  • @369jwillow
    @369jwillowАй бұрын

    Thank you for this. Most ear training exercises (at least in US institutions) is heavily flawed because it ignores training the intuitive sense of gravity within an instant tonal environment. Instead it emphasizes isolated interval practice. Moving from isolated intervals to intermediate or advanced dictation is a very difficult bridge to gap for the average musician.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thanks for your comment. What you are saying is so true. That said, melodic dictation is far easier when approached from a tonal perspective instead of an intervallic one.

  • @mbmillermo
    @mbmillermoАй бұрын

    I'll tell you want I want to learn - I want to be able to hear one note that I am playing, think of the next note I want to play and be able to hit it every time, no errors. I want perfect relative pitch. So if I play a C, then someone plays an A♭ or a D or an F♯, I should know immediately the name of that second note. Maybe knowing intervals by ear is not a good way to get there, but what should I be practicing instead? Similarly, I would like to be able to play 3- or 4- note phrases immediately after hearing them. A 3-note phrase consists of a pair of intervals (or three intervals if we consider all note pairs) and a 4-note phrases is 3 intervals, back-to-back (or 6 intervals if we consider all possible note pairs). So learning intervals kinda seems like a good idea. Also, if I could sing any interval, then I'd be able to sight-sing sheet music, right? I'd just need the first note. So sight-singing melodies is another goal I'd like to achieve. How should I approach this? I think Rick Beato pushes interval training, but I've heard other pros say it's a bad way to learn (e.g., Christiaan van Hemert). So I'd love to hear your ideas.

  • @rvangaal
    @rvangaalАй бұрын

    Better to learn absolute sounds within the key you’re playing in. So hear/recognize a 123 in a key. Each of those 12 possibilities sounds different to the ear and is in fact what you do when you sing a song. Then recognize what a 251 sounds like, recognize 321, recognize 361 etc. It’s all listening with a lot of focus, you’ll start recognizing shapes like that. No need for interval training, that just becomes a bit of theory.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thanks for you comment. First of all let me premise that everybody would like to have the "perfect relative pitch", but perfect in practice doesn't exist. If I had started to hit random piano keys all at once, nobody with even great relative pitch skills would be able to make sense of what has been played (by ear alone) in a reasonable amount of time. That's because that wouldn't be music but random noise instead. The difference is that music as a structure (which is the tonality, or the musical key), it's indeed this structure that enables us to recognize music by ear. So if you wanna recognize music and become more musical, you should have a very specific goal (at least initially) internalizing the sound of each scale degree and each chord within the key. 3, 4, 6 or even 8-note phrases are not a problem if you are able to intutively recognize scale degrees. Same for sight singing skills. Music always has a tonality, so there always are scale degrees at any given time. This means that you don't need intervals at all to recognize the vast majority of musical genres out there. But there is even more, practicing intervals is actually counterproductive especially for beginner/intermediate students. I explain everything in this video here kzread.info/dash/bejne/f5amz8SSkazPlLw.html please check it out as it's very important for anyone to understand this. Learning intervals as a beginner it's absolutely a BAD IDEA.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    @@rvangaal thanks for your comment. You're right, I would just change a word from your comment. I think you wanted to say "better to learn the RELATIVE sound of each degree within the key you are playing in".

  • @rvangaal
    @rvangaal22 күн бұрын

    @@UseYourEar You're absolutely right, that was indeed was I was trying to say!

  • @ARANCIAVIII...
    @ARANCIAVIII...Ай бұрын

    Complimenti, molto chiaro e divertente😂, avrei una domanda mi puoi consigliare un'app che mi suona accordi random? Cmq ho capito cosi cosi, quindi vado a cercare qualche altro video tuo! Ah si, un'altra cosa, questo e l'unico video in italiano nel canale?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    In realtà, in questo video, sconsiglio di usare app che suonano accordi random. Si è l'unico video in italiano.

  • @user-rq2qv4gz8s
    @user-rq2qv4gz8sАй бұрын

    Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

  • @talsharara6622
    @talsharara6622Ай бұрын

    I found it hard to recognize the notes when the harmony changes, every note sounds different when it played on different chord, what do you suggest in this case?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thanks for your comment. That usually happens because you don't have enough tonic retention skills, so your mind tends to lose the tonal center over time (especially if there are lots of chords going on). Check out this video where I talk more about that kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoSYqZqeh7PVhpc.html

  • @MrTomB
    @MrTomBАй бұрын

    Thanks for all the work you've done in developing the Use Your Ear method. Having wasted lots of time on interval exercises it's always good to be reminded of why they don't work so well 👍

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-meАй бұрын

    You should make a video about intonation milestones

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thank you. It won't look much different than this one. 😉

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-me12 күн бұрын

    I think most of it’ll be till the 4th of these milestones..

  • @kennethjackson4858
    @kennethjackson4858Ай бұрын

    Hello again, I texted earlier and it was erased. Anyway, saw your video and one used another video and videos for ear training and wow, they all say what you say in general, but what I want from you is does following your method really works? I hear from you, I appreciate your time.

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Hi Kenneth, thanks for your comment. Yes, our method really works. We have more than 2000 students signed up to our paid course at the moment, and they all improve and develop ear training skills through this method. You can check out their reviews on our trustpilot page www.trustpilot.com/review/useyourear.com and also you can check out their improvements in recognizing chords and melodies by ear, etc. in these videos. kzread.info/dash/bejne/fHVpuK-flJzVo6Q.html kzread.info/dash/bejne/mZ-ttceLnre-j5s.html kzread.info/dash/bejne/aaijlZOGgrXZms4.html

  • @6uitarbot
    @6uitarbotАй бұрын

    Thanks

  • @polarstar7626
    @polarstar7626Ай бұрын

    I am interested in intervals for sight singing

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Hi, thanks for your comment. Also for sight singing my advice is to have very solid foundations on singing the scale, recognizing and recalling scale degrees, etc. before working on intervals. May I ask you wether you are a beginner or a more advanced musician? For beginner and intermediate musicians I would suggest to start sight-singing simple tonal music, without key changes and non-diatonic notes.

  • @codetech5598
    @codetech5598Ай бұрын

    When you look at the music, do you know what note is Do, Re, Mi, etc?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    @@codetech5598 I'm not sure this is a question for me. In any case, yes you can definitely visually see what is do, re, mi etc. and with proper training you can learn to recall each note with ease. Our course has many sight-singing exercises that only focus on learning to recall each scale degree.

  • @codetech5598
    @codetech5598Ай бұрын

    @@UseYourEar I was responding to polarstar7626.

  • @TimmyC079
    @TimmyC079Ай бұрын

    ​@@codetech5598 look into shape note singing. The notes have different shapes depending on the scale degree

  • @bronzeladdy53
    @bronzeladdy53Ай бұрын

    Where's the link?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Hi, here is the link to the workshop www.useyourear.com/free-workshop-optin-organic I've just checked and it's also available in the video description.

  • @patriceleguy8072
    @patriceleguy8072Ай бұрын

    Hello ! Impressive ! Any replay for the Worshop available ? I'd just got Units 0 & 1 a few days ago... Thanks !

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    If you have access to Units 0 & 1 of our course I don't think you need the workshop, the workshop is just an introduction on our method. Unit 0 & 1 have a lot more info, exercises, etc. I believe it's best for you to continue working on that.

  • @patriceleguy8072
    @patriceleguy8072Ай бұрын

    @@UseYourEarThanks !

  • @adedapoenoch211
    @adedapoenoch211Ай бұрын

    I really love your videos as I always hated interval training, because I identity chords by tone from the beginning of my musical journey. The is the issue I have currently, how do I hear nondiatonic notes and chords. I have improved on this outside scoring songs, but when it comes to identifying them in songs I'm a bit shaky

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    I can't offer a specific advice since I don't know your situation well enough. Usually when you have great tonal skills and can identify chords by ear seamlessly in simple tonal music, non-diatonic notes and chords jump out immediately and they usually are not a serious issue. I guess my question for you is: what's your situation on simple tonal music? Can you recognize any chords and notes very quickly there, almost without thinking?

  • @I-is-me
    @I-is-meАй бұрын

    Can you recommend a few exercises for tonic recognition and retention?(i’ve got the scale)

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Thanks for the question. It's hard to describe an exercise via comment and I can't publicly share everything that's part of our method. You can sign up to our course if you're interested in that. I hope you can understand. Thanks

  • @JayCee-hw4zc
    @JayCee-hw4zcАй бұрын

    So are you saying that those students who are very familiar with all 12 scales will do well compared to beginners who may not?

  • @UseYourEar
    @UseYourEarАй бұрын

    Why the 12 scales? It's mostly about knowing the major scale, which also encompasses the minor scale. That said knowing the major scale very well is one of the first steps of our method, so yes, it's absolutely foundational; You can't have great ear training skills without it.