A neutrino walks into a bar. The bartender says, "Can I get you something?" The neutrino replies, "No, I'm just passing through."

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

A trillion neutrinos walk into a bar. One of them says 'ouch'.

@animalbird9436

Жыл бұрын

I WALKED INTO A BAR AND HURT MY HEAD........IT WAS AN IRON BAR TEEHEE🤣

@animalbird9436

Жыл бұрын

Keep thinking a neutrino sounds like an italian gardener saying he wants a bush...new tree no...🤣🤣🤣

To nitpick this she specifically is referring to Core collapse Supernovae. There are also type Ia supernovae which are something different (uncontrolled fusion flash triggered as a star exceeds a critical mass limit known as the Chandrasekhar limit with no gravity to prevent the whole thing from flying apart, though in the case where some of the star survives you get a dimmer counterpart called type Iax) All the other types of supernovae Type Ib, Ic and all type II supernovae are core collapse supernovae. The names come from observing the spectrum of stars type I supernovae lack prominent hydrogen lines in their spectrum ( with type Ic also lacking helium in their spectrum) and type II which have prominent hydrogen lines. In type I b and type Ic the progenitor star is a Wolf Rayet star a class of really massive stars which near the end of their lives have stellar winds so strong they blow away the stars outer fusion shells. I remember finding this confusing when I first learned this years ago so I figure there are probably others in a similar boat. In these core collapse supernovae the mind boggling bit is that there are so many neutrinos produced during the formation of a neutron star that the neutrino winds can actually blow away the outer layers of the star. In fact if you were only a few light years away from such a star as it goes supernovae the neutrino flux would actually be so mindbogglingly extreme that they would kill you as even the small fraction of neutrinos would be enough to tear you apart before the light of the supernovae even breached the surface! In 2019 a fascinating exotic star known as J005311 located at the center of IRAS 00500+6713 3 kiloparsecs away from Earth, was identified as a post Chandrasekhar type Iax remnant a previously theoretical type of exotic merger product of two massive white dwarfs (one a Oxygen Neon WD the other a normal Carbon Oxygen White Dwarf) that due to their combined mass were able to reestablish hydrostatic equilibrium between runaway fusion and gravity. This matters as in the next 1-2 thousand years the fusion supporting it will run out leading to an exotic type Ic supernovae that is practically naked compared to a normal core collapse supernovae. It probably means there will unfortunately not be the major light delay that makes neutrinos a warning signal but it also offers prospects to not only study the formation of neutron stars but to potentially study the speed of neutrinos themselves thanks to the large sample size thus enabling their small but nonzero mass ratios to be better constrained thanks to the near simultaneity of their emission and with more refined measurements of the sources parallax distance the actual distance traveled. With extra information from the before and after study of the remnant I mean ideally perhaps we will have found a clever way to solve these questions in far less than a millennium but it is a relatively nearby (but thankfully not too nearby) natural experiment where the radiation both neutrinos and light are already in route and just hasn't had enough time to arrive yet.

@localverse

2 жыл бұрын

Seems like you might be able to answer this: since neutrinos barely interact, then what makes them interact those few times they do interact?

@Mernom

2 жыл бұрын

@@localverse they come close enough to exchange the weak force carrying particle with the thing they're hitting. And since the particle's shelf life is so short it can barely cross the distance that's smaller than the width of a proton, that's VERY close.

@localverse

2 жыл бұрын

@@Mernom Wow, finally understand it! So the neutrino can interact only by the weak force and only if it passes close enough to overlap with a proton. So I'm guessing that there's a lot of space between nucleus of atoms in any material and that's why neutrinos rarely interact. Wonder if there's a greater chance to hit a heavier nucleus since they probably take up more space? Also realized that the billions of neutrinos passing through each square centimeter every second (or the trillions through our hand) might sound like a crazy large amount, but is actually peanuts in comparison to number of atoms in a human cell, so the ratio between neutrinos each second through our hand and total atoms in our hand is probably low, incredibly. Is my analysis correct or close enough to ballpark? Thanks!

SNAP (super nova alert program). Keeping it simple and... snappy!

i absolutely love this host. i could listen to her for hours and grasp it all.

@NoahSpurrier

2 жыл бұрын

She has a nice voice.

I can't stress this enough, I'm really loving this series.

I used to have a fascination with neutrinos when I was a kid, I didn’t know much about them but I thought they were cool. These videos make me feel like I’ve been reunited with a lost love

Great educational program!

Well done you all - beautiful production values, HD vid. and flow of the video effects and script …

what is the upper limit on “how good” a neutrino detector could be? obviously i realize there might be a practical limit, but is there also theoretical limit? and how far are we away from the practical limit now?

"Thanks" Hunt After Neutrinos Kicked by Supernovas ^_^

I really like these videos, she has such a happy vibe

Key Instrument for the Reception of Supernova-Neutrino Traces of Y-Energy

Nice episode! Could you make one on how does a supernova produce neutrinos?

Out of the possible alternative names mentioned for the system, my favourite was POTATOES.

Fantastic science series. Big fan of your work.

I really liked it. Also thanks to You being so good in explaining mind blowing things to everyone

THAT'S where watches come from!

Eres algo... increíble... Me encanta todo lo que sabes .. y como lo expones... Eres GENIAL

Man, you know you've become a nerd when you say you have a favorite fundamental particle. 🤓

At 5:40 , how can we say that the neutrinos captured were supernova neutrinos instead of sun's neutrino ? How can you distinguish between them ?

Fun fact: a neutrino has a 50% chance of passing through an entire ligth year thick cube of lead and millions of them are going through every sqcm of you rigth now. Yet if the sun somehow went supernova and you were on Mars (surface or middle wouldn't matter) you'd die of radiation poisoning just from all the neutrinos alone, long before the blast wave turned Mars into interstallar dust.

I give this video a left-handed thumbs up!

Missed this when it came out in April, but very cool video, how often do super nova occur in a galaxy like the Milky Way?

Detection Alert of Neutrino Cosmic Emitions (DANCE)

The mystery of what is unknown is what is truly fascinating

@adamkendall997

3 жыл бұрын

Or terrifying.

Any chance you could possibly CC us in on the alert mail list please?!

I never understood the relation of bananas to particle physics until a KZread video by SciShow about weird units of measurements that we use.

how is the neutrino interaction ( is that how it couples? ) with G different then with the W force ?

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

Well, gravity affects all particles. So just like gravity affects the path of a photon, so it does for the path of a neutrino. And conversely, if a significant amount of neutrinos (or photons, or other particles - basically anything with energy) were to accumulate in a region of space, they will have gravitational effect (this is described in general relativity as the curvature of space-time), and if the amount of mass-energy exceeds a certain value, a black hole will be formed. (See for example the 'kugelblitz' thought experiment - a sphere of photons aimed at a single point.) In particle physics gravity can be completely neglected, because it's way weaker than the other three forces. But in black holes, or at the point of Big Bang, the effect of gravity becomes very relevant. Scientists have been trying to devise a theory of quantum gravity, with limited success.

7:08 Neutrino McLooking Gossiper

I don't know about that one, but I came up for a name for zombie defence, IHURT. Indeterminate hostile units response tactics.

What percentage of energy in the universe is neutrinos just wizzing around?

I sometimes feel like putting my mother into a supernova, but that would be illegal.

@francisco9999

3 жыл бұрын

Probably, your mother thinks the opposite

I love these videos and this channel so much! Just wanted to let you know that the vocals are quiet compared to other popular KZread videos, and even compared to the music used in this video.

Psh. Supernovas a laaaaaaaame. Call me when you've found a *super-dupernova!*

Please talk more about Neutrino's detectors and Neutrino's oscillation. Thank you

@kjdude8765

3 жыл бұрын

She did a previous video on Neutrino detectors.

@user-wu8yq1rb9t

3 жыл бұрын

@@kjdude8765 Yeah of course, I watched it (you can see my comment there). But I said "more", more talk about Neutrino's Detectors and ... . But thanks for your attention my friend.

Splosion Time!

Thanks so much for your videos! I have a few questions that have nagged me for quite a long time: 1. What happens when (electron) neutrinos bump into each other? (how could they possibly not be bumping into each other all the time?) What would you call a wave of these collisions? (light?) 2. It's frequently quoted that a single neutrino can pass through "light years of lead" unperturbed & billions pass through your hand every second... what I'm curious about is the reverse of this statement: i.e. Wouldn't every atom in your body also get bumped into CONSTANTLY (albeit with the lightest of touch) by neutrinos? Collectively, could all of these types of collisions be what causes gravity? 3. Current neutrino detectors really only detect high energy neutrinos, right? As time goes on, shouldn't the vast majority of neutrinos eventually be lower energy and less likely to be detectable by our current technologies? 4. If solar neutrinos travelling outbound from from our sun past observers here on earth have any affect on inbound starlight, wouldn't it HAVE TO BE to redshift inbound starlight (more specifically inbound distant galaxy starlight)... AND IF SO wouldn't that be a far more plausible explanation for redshift observations than saying it's due to a "Big Bang" (expanding universe)? Thanks again!

Ok, I understand that several trillion neutrinos are passing through my hand, but how many photos are hitting it, assuming I hold it palm towards the sun, outside on a sunny day, in direct sunlight? I don’t have any context for the “several trillion” number, I have no intuition if it’s big or small or what scale to use.

@jibcot8541

3 жыл бұрын

Lots! This is the calculation for a light bulb. kzread.info/dash/bejne/lYqa29OpdK_YgcY.html

@jpe1

3 жыл бұрын

@@jibcot8541 cute vid, thanks for linking. I had a suspicion that there are many orders of magnitude more photos than neutrinos, but didn’t have the physics knowledge to do the math. In his example of a 50W bulb that is the total number of photons radiated out of the entire bulb, the number reaching one’s hand would depend on how close the hand is to the bulb, but intuition would suggest that even right next to a 50W bulb there is less light than from the sun on a sunny day, so 10^18 is a reasonable lower bound.

4:12 "light got disrupted in the super nova". -> by what?

@tonywells6990

3 жыл бұрын

Light has to travel through the hot dense star material collapsing inwards and then exploding outwards as well as the star's atmosphere.

@nickcaruso

3 жыл бұрын

scattering off of ... hot dust and plasma and stuff.

@bennybundi9671

3 жыл бұрын

Light from the sun actually spends millions of years bumping into stuff before it eventually escapes and reaches us

@timbeaton5045

3 жыл бұрын

@@bennybundi9671 Yep. Although i believe the current estimate, at least for the Sun, is (only!) several thousand years ... kzread.info/dash/bejne/jGGJsY-LiqW3Y7g.html Although that is not quite what is going on in a core collapse, i think. That process is the "normal" procedure for photons originating in the core, and yes, Neutrinos will zap away pretty much unhindered so there will be a time differential. But the photons produced in the core collapse, i would have thought will be generated during the "explosion" so not thousands of years earlier. But still, as the photons are subject to magnetic interactions, whereas neutrinos are not, that would presumably explain the differential in arrival times at our observatories.

@bennybundi9671

3 жыл бұрын

@@timbeaton5045 you’re right thanks. by “stuff’ I was talking ab nuclear plasma. I guess I was mixing up the sun as for this star would be a higher density since only larger ones end up going supernova would be millions of years of random interactions as opposed to a few hundred thousand. As the core collapses it shrinks creating a shockwave outwards meeting in falling material. yes neutrinos only seem to interact the weak force and gravity so they do pass straight through this material and the photons are left to navigate the in-falling debris where they are slowed down.

Can you talk about if energy in neutrinos is ever recaptured by other particles or do they mostly just speed off for all eternity?

Minor point: SN1987A was in the LMC, not our MWG per se. Still close enough for the first and only detected supernova neutrino burst.

*scratching head* so aside from whooshing here and there, what do they DO? Do they interact with anything (even other neutrinos) and a way that creates or accomplishes anything? So far they seem like super speedy quasi ghosts

@hectorpascal

3 жыл бұрын

Aha! Ghosts! You, sir, may have just solved the riddle of paranormal apparitions. Neutrinos only interact with earthbound spirits. :)

@citybadger

3 жыл бұрын

Well, make the accounting work out, by allowing lepton numbers to be conserved. Like when a neutron decays into a proton, an electron is emitted (to conserve charge) but you cant just create a lepton like a electron. You have to create an antilepton too, so the lepton number still add up to zero. So you get an electron antineutrino.

@DaBlondDude

3 жыл бұрын

@@citybadger wouldn't that lead to annihilation = fewer neutrinos?

scientists are excited in proving themselves wrong - this should be an example to follow..

when the guy on computer snoozes the snews warning

2:28 Not that snooze O_O

Can neutrino's pass through atomic nucleus without interaction, if not, what is the rate of interaction?

@kjdude8765

3 жыл бұрын

They very rarely interact with anything, hence their difficulty in studying. The interaction rate is a couple trillion to 1.

Neutrino Event Upon The Rare (supernova) IN Our (galaxy)...NEUTRINO...

@timbeaton5045

3 жыл бұрын

(Recursive) Backronym of the week!

Sooo... expect quite a few neutrino events from the direction of Beletgeuse....shame we might have to wait 100,000 years, though. Maybe by then our neutrino detection will have improved? 😁

You got me worried about Dr. Don

Just because it never sent out an alert does not mean the computer isn't busy. Is there any way to know how many "false alerts" it processes every hour that don't get sent out as alerts??

Can the neutrino flux from a supernova be great enough to cause the death of a human (at an otherwise safe distance)?

Wow, what a great presentation! Thank you for your work!

Frankly, that’s an unreasonable amount of neutrinos.

What if since nutrinos are so abundant and everywhere... What if they create the sorta background matrix that everything else interacts and functions on or in? Idk? Just a random thought

Supernovae (detecting) Networked (neutrino detector) Aggregator (and) Coincidence aCumulator (for early detection and warning) AKA: SNACC

Banana bombs! (SN type 1)

no catchy acronyms but how about the PA systems in the labs play that metal gear solid detected sound when SNEWS goes off

Hi Kirsty, great show! Congrats to all involved.

Just imagine if we cud see the neutrino cosmic background? Sadly we'll have to wait for much much better technology!!!

"Growing in numbers Growing in speed Can't fight the future Can't fight what I see People they come together People they fall apart No one can stop us now 'Cause we are all made of stars .... .... " MOBY - We Are All Made Of Stars

Duffy, Neutrino Hunter!? :-)

Where do all those newly created neutrinos end up eventually?

@timbeaton5045

3 жыл бұрын

Basically flying all over space. And if we were better at detecting them, we could use them to see further back in time that the CMB, (roughly 400,000 years after the "Big Bang) as that was when the universe became transparent to photons, whereas the possibility of detecting a Cosmic Neutrino Background would theoretically show what was happening about a second after the BB... see here for more info.. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_neutrino_background

@inertnet

3 жыл бұрын

@@timbeaton5045 Very interesting, thanks. What I was really wondering is if all the neutrinos that are created over time in a galaxy, could form the cloud of dark matter around it. But I have no idea how much "mass per time" worth of neutrinos are created in a typical galaxy. In other words, how (un)likely that idea could be.

"..even during the day" The Sun then replies: "that's bananas!"

What would happen to matter at close range to such an extreme flux of high energy neutrinos? It's sort of terrifying to imagine being anywhere near that, since unlike other particle and EM radiation I guess it would be impossible to shield against it. Not even with an entire planet between you and the SN. Also as I understand it, since the interactions would all be nuclear there'd be all sorts of transmutation, fission and subatomic mayhem shredding everything. Right? Is that something we would expect and would it be detectable? Am I just out to lunch here?

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

Imagine that you are right next to a star as it's about to go supernova. Imagine that you have some magical shield which would protect you against photons and other particles coming from the supernova explosion; but not against neutrinos. Then chance is that the neutrinos themselves would kill you.

If 99% of the energy is released by neutrinos, does that mean that over time, a growing percentage of the universes energy/matter is neutrinos? If not, where are they used up again in such huge numbers?

I have a two year old granddaughter. You and Physics Girl will be two of her role models.

Multicontinental Yeet Alert Service System

Amazing mam Love u from Kashmir

Just came to my mind: If the supernova happened long ago in a galaxy far, far away, the photons should arrive before the neutrinos, because at very long distances the photons can overtake the neutrinos. Could this help measuring long distances?

If let's say a neutrino does interact with my body, will I feel anything? a shock or a burn or anything?

@Shenron557

3 жыл бұрын

I'm pretty sure, you won't feel anything. Photons from an X-ray and quite energetic, but we don't feel anything during an X-ray in a hospital. Background radiation from our surroundings releases alpha and beta particles, both of which are usually more energetic than a typical neutrino, and we don't feel a thing.

I come here to feel smart afterwards.

Supernova are NOT explosions but bright increasings when stars drive in and out of Birkeland Currents.

Well, Besides the great science you present with marvelous simple way.. you are superhot as well.. thank you all

See Neutrino Energy Group..... Seems like they know something you don't.?

oi supernovay

Supernova explosion is very beautiful... I've seen it once.

Notice me, neutrino-senpai!

@kapytanhook

3 жыл бұрын

Underrated comment

Got any neutrinos?

6 dark matter particles disliked this video. I’m glad I am a nice chubby cute neutrino.

@timbeaton5045

3 жыл бұрын

Ahh, but what flavour?

@Bassotronics

3 жыл бұрын

@ *Tim Beaton* Charm

If neutrinos are able to travel faster than the speed of light, than shouldn't we be trying to measure the speed of neutrino's in order to have a better understanding of why they are able to break the currently known laws of physics and relativity? Also how could we incorporate that new found law into our current state of technology terrestrial or extra?

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

Spoiler: neutrinos don't actually propagate faster than the speed of light. (That is, if by "speed of light" you mean "speed of light in vacuum". Neutrinos certainly do travel in water faster than light does.)

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

@Scumfuck McDoucheface But only charged particles cause Cherenkov radiation. Neutrinos have no electric charge, so they don't cause it. (That is, unless they interact with another particle and cause it, or some other particle produced in the reaction, to move faster than the speed of light in water.)

Odd bananas

explosions in the opening scene! demonetization ✅

Yes but I don't see how could it be that practical, though yet. I mean, ok it can detect some neutrinos so there's a supernova or two happening but I don't think the detectors are not so accurate as LIGos. I don't see how it can detect where the neutrinos are coming from, even in which direction.

@MikeRosoftJH

3 жыл бұрын

One way is to use two detectors, and use the timing to estimate from which direction the neutrinos have come. (The two detectors are a certain distance from each other, preferably on different continents, and neutrinos - for all intents and purposes - propagate at the speed of light.)

@tTtt-ho3tq

3 жыл бұрын

@@MikeRosoftJH I did thought about that but ... I meant that I'm not sure how accurately detect them like gravitational waves with LIGOs. It's said it's very very difficult to detect. Few there, few here. Can they see it enough? Maybe.

@timbeaton5045

3 жыл бұрын

@@tTtt-ho3tq Guess it's a sort of neutrino Triangulation.

@tTtt-ho3tq

3 жыл бұрын

@@timbeaton5045 I bet the triangulation. It's the same as for LIGOs. What I meant was that in LIGOs, there's a distinguish shape of a pulse of two BHs colliding thus it can be possibly calculated the delays in their detections. But this, I don't see any of it. There's a burst of neutrinos from a supernova but there's no distinguish shape or pattern. You'd get few neutrons here and there. If you get a good burst of them ... maybe. I don't know. I've no idea what I'm talking about.

😀

Many people have mentioned how bright a supernova is, yet I have never heard an explanation of WHY it is so bright. I am aware that our sun "traps" photons within itself for years - I imagine larger stars may trap more photons than our sun, and possibly for even longer. It seems to me that when a star goes supernova, all these photons are released all at once. Is this a reason why the supernova is so bright? Are there other reasons?

@Teth47

3 жыл бұрын

Stars have a crazy amount of gravitational potential energy in them. They're very massive objects, and when that potential energy is all released at once the star releases a thermal pulse brighter than a galaxy. A supernova's brightness is largely a result of it just falling on itself, the same mechanism that causes an asteroid to heat up in the atmosphere, but scaled up to a star.

@laurendoe168

3 жыл бұрын

@@Teth47 TY for the reply. I would never have thought that thermal potential would have been that big of a factor.

Tender feet tickling astray for tinyboppers

2:52 are You sure Sirius B (7 LightYears away) isn't to go supernova? what if Sirius A expands in the future, getting a Red Giant star and could it be going to dump Hydrogen onto Sirius_B? My proposal to flagging Your channel accronymicalier: Even Bananas are oddd

I'm 40% big bang (60% water that is 66% universe original hydrogen) so not all star stuff ;)

@RedBatRacing

2 жыл бұрын

@Boodysaspie the exploding/colliding stars only made atoms that are heavier than hydrogen except some helium and a little lithium. So the hydrogen atoms in your body are as old as the universe except for maybe a few that are the result of decay, the other stuff is a lot younger.

Thanks Doctor Duffy and Doctor Schukraft, entertaining and illuminating. How about SuperNova Alert Programme or SNAP obviously folk could chat about it. Thanks and keep up the good work.

Bana 🍌

To catch a criminal you could follow the money. To learn the secrets of the universe you follow the neutrinos

Yes, it's true. We are all . . . nuclear waste! LOL

I would have called it U.S.A.I.N. "Urgent Signal About Incoming Neutrinos."

Scanning Collisions In Energized Neutrinos Correlated (and) Entrapped (by) Interpolated Sensors Combining Observations (made) On Land

She doesn't blink at all. That is a little creepy

@andyreznick

3 жыл бұрын

She is British. They don't blink much. It's true. Look it up. They consider it a sign of weakness.

@zzzzzzzzzzzz-zq9iz

3 жыл бұрын

She’s awesome

This probably doesn't make sense but: Program that Estimates Neutrinos Induced by a Supernova :)

N.E.U.T.R.I.N.O - New Exciting Underlying Technique Revolutionized Involving Nasty Obstacles

Even banana shaped eyebrows ...

Supernovas might not be the most powerful explosions in the modern universe - supermassive blackholes sometimes explode releasing up to 100 billion times as much energy as the sun is expected to emit in its entire lifetime.

99% of the energy of a supernova is neutrinos? Particles that can barely be detected, they are so light and have no charge? Preposterous. And I thought supernova lasted for days or weeks - they aren't really very much like a thermonuclear bomb, which detonates in an instant. I'm confused. Or skeptical.

@joethestack3894

3 жыл бұрын

We would like to learn more about neutrino oscillation wherein they supposedly are constantly transforming from one type of neutrino to another, each of which have different masses. It seems neutrinos have a lot of jobs to do - filling in the holes in the rest of physics.