I wish i could just follow Professor Copeland around every day and learn whatever it is he felt like talking about. He is the most pleasant and calming person ever!

@shelleyortega3974

5 жыл бұрын

Me too!

@DC-zi6se

3 жыл бұрын

Until he starts writing mathematics. 😁

@sinclairabraxas3555

Жыл бұрын

he is brilliant, its incredible

A Neutrino walks into a bar. The bartender says "Can I help you?" The Neutrino says, "Nope, just passing through."

@loge10

2 жыл бұрын

This is one of those times when I'm not sure whether to give it a thumbs-up or a thumbs-down...

@sriharsha5036

Жыл бұрын

Hahah

I hate neutrinos. Sick of having them go through me. I'm off to build my 4 LY lead sphere.

@theanonymousmrgrape5911

7 жыл бұрын

When the sun sends its neutrinos it's not sending the best. It's sending particles with lots of problems, and they're passing those problems through us. They're bringing faster than light movement, they're bringing new insights in particle physics, they change flavors, and some, I assume are antineutrinos.

@piyush10793

7 жыл бұрын

Isn't faster than light speed impossible according to modern theories?

@astropredo

7 жыл бұрын

It isn't, dude. It has mass, then it is slower than light speed.

@IVAN3DX

6 жыл бұрын

So I say: WE NEED TO BUILD A LEAD WALL.

@vinitchauhan973

6 жыл бұрын

Massa Cinzenta well he worded wrong they arrive earlier than photons because even though they are slower they don't interact with other particles scattered around in space or in the atmosphere unlike photons, since the photons interact they arrival time is prolonged.

Love Ed Copeland...He radiates a real love of physics (so do all of his colleagues) but him more so.

@xavierpaquin

4 жыл бұрын

A gentle soul

@loucard1752

3 жыл бұрын

I was reading the comments only to find this comment !!!

@ 1:30 , this dude is the competition that Eminem deserves

@DreckbobBratpfanne

5 жыл бұрын

Uh summa lama duma lama you assuming i'm a neutron. what i gotta do to get it through to you i'm . . . a neutrino.

@yusukeshinyama thank you... it has always been important to us that the videos are very natural and informal.... we just want to show what scientists are really like and the stuff they think about!

I'm not a college graduate in physics or mathematics...I still have a hard time with long division, but i can understand this clearly. Thank you guys for putting it in simpler terms. I hope one day the everyone can watch these videos and get a little bit of insight and break themselves from the reality they put themselves in. Cheers, Chris!

11 year old videos and they are still somehow very satisfying to watch and learn

I love that moment when professor Ed just starts laughing about how the answers in his questions are in that room, but utterly impossible to see. "About a billion of them. Where are they?" I love it. Thanks Brady!

Woohoo! I'm from Sudbury, Ontario and I've been down to the SNO.

@Triantalex

Ай бұрын

k

these professors are charismatic and are passionate towards their craft, it is really inspiring

I can't enough say how much I love these videos. Listening to these scientists talking casually about their work is much more fun and thought-provoking than watching a music-ridden, computer-graphics-rich, overacting "science" show. We should have this on a national TV.

7:26 oops. trying to hit the hand, not the face.

@naughtyadventuresofmcbrouh5410

5 жыл бұрын

That was extremely cute

@harleyspeedthrust4013

3 жыл бұрын

@@naughtyadventuresofmcbrouh5410 suddenly gei

9:50 - I love his passion! He's one of my favourites that Brady interviews!

I particularly enjoy the description of neutrinos' lack of interaction, stated similar to "could sail through a light-year's length of lead without ever touching an atom"

My faith in the internet is restored by these posts..fascinating stuff. Thanks for posting.

7:26 Hitting head on indeed.

The excitement in telling these stories is great :)

This was an excellent video, I really enjoyed how easily the professors explain these difficult concepts!

I love the reaction at the end of the video, reaching out to grab ancient neutrinos and saying "where are they?" There's a real joy and wonderment you can see at play in his expression.

Love you guys! Keep up the great work!!!

You squished so much information into this video about a particle we know very little of. My head hurts! :)

Wonderful. Great discussion and Q&A. So natural. Pleasure to listen to

8:30 "well ... I imagine that, I wasn't there..." Hilarious! XD Thank you for explaining things so clearly it makes me think I can understand them.

@loge10

2 жыл бұрын

I was there - where were you all? Didn't you get the invitation?

Fascinating stuff. I like how this was explained.

"Well I imagine that, I wasn't there." Humble & Brilliant

I don't even study these types of subjects but i still seem to watch these and i find them really interested. If these guys were my teachers when i was choosing my subjects i would have chosen them to carry on to a higher level of study!

I like their historic wonder and awe which all of the 'sixty symbols' share. Very informative for the non physicists among us.

"Tea with sugar?" "Thank you, I'll have neutrinos, please."

@ankitaaarya

4 жыл бұрын

Hahah

I love these videos.

Thank you for your videos!

Good coverage of the subject!

Superb per usual.....thanks !

@yusukeshinyama Agreed. These guys have taught me more about physics than any television show I've ever seen.

Would radioactive atoms decay without neutrinos passing? What happens with neutrinos in neutron-stars?

8:26 "I wasn't there." Where u from then?

@SirDictator

6 жыл бұрын

"technically", we were _all_ there

@SirDictator

6 жыл бұрын

but there was no "I" yet (and no 'was' either), except like that, between quotes

@salottin

5 жыл бұрын

Maybe he's from the previous one

@Wd40RecklessEngineer

5 жыл бұрын

@@SirDictator There still is no "i". The only difference now is that the universe has become aware of its self.

"Sometimes when you feel itchy you never know...it could be the neutrinos" I've always wondered where those phantoms itches came from.

@UCZx48kBoTg9O

2 жыл бұрын

Lol'ed at that 🤣

The mean free path of neutrinos in lead is more like 9 light years if I recall my first year undergrad physics correctly. That was almost thirty years ago so I'd have to work it out again to be sure. It's a basic calculation if you know the interaction cross section , which is of the order of (few/few hundred) zeptobarns for beta energy neutrinos, although it's not as well characterised a number as you might expect.

"... weak nuclear force, which is, well as its name suggests, a rather pathetic force" Poor weak nuclear force! It doesn't deserve such hateful treatment.

@DreckbobBratpfanne

5 жыл бұрын

Especially cause Gravity is much weaker.

I’m doing this for homework and I thought that this would just be another ancient boring video but it was actually very interesting thanks

I just love the SixtySymbols videos... very educational! =) (and I'm just in awe how no one started a religious discussion yet! Better that way)

5:15 nice italian there

@Paul-yu4ep

5 жыл бұрын

These hands too, yeah

@tucense They were actually detected 3 hours before the light, though that is supposed to be because the Neutrinos spiked when the core collapsed and the light spiked when the outer layer of the star exploded off it.

You could, quite possibly, compile these videos into tv-ready chunks for distribution to various networks.

Yeah, it's not that's the shorter equation for rest mass, the larger equation has velocity of the particle in it. But this is used to understand the effect of a body with only mass and without its velocity.

good point, thanks.

@estelja It depends on the shape of the universe. Many feel that it's a torus meaning that your neutrino would simply loop around the giant donut universe.

Speaking of the strong and weak forces I'd love to see a video about that (or two!). I think most people have some idea of how the two other forces (gravity and electromagnetism) work but the strong and the weak are a bit more obscure, no?

@frederiquebertin119

2 жыл бұрын

looks like strong force is forced , by force while weak force is not forced .

@scifirealism5943

2 жыл бұрын

All 4 fundamental interactions are understood.

Ed's smile is the best

the passion about the universe is about... f***** inspiring!!!! I want to get a degree in physics!!! keep it on...

@StaupEimer when An proton becomes A neutron it emits A positron so that makes me think that something in the neutron was changed in order for it to have A charge afterwards .

Nice one.

I have been struggling through the neutrino interactions and coming up short. Does the physical cross section of a nucleus have a direct correlation to its barns? (Do barns even count for anything in neutrino interactions?) Is the probability of a neutrino smacking into a nucleus a simple arithmetic problem of the cross section? It seems like it must be FAR less probable than that. My uni classes gave values for barns for thermal and intermediate neutrons, and they did not seem to have any correlation to the size of the nucleus, if a few decades of cobwebs haven't messed with my memory. So if cross section is not the important part that non-quantum thinking makes it seem to be, neutrinos pass through nuclei without noticing them... ? My apologies if this was already covered. I read through a lot of the comments and didn't find it. Thanks for any help to figure this out.

@kristijanadrian I dunno. I just know that it is said that there are "four known fundamental interactions, all of which are non-contact forces, [...] electromagnetism, strong interaction, weak interaction (also known as 'strong' and 'weak nuclear force') and gravitation." (Wikipedia). So what I'd like to hear about is the strong and weak forces mentioned there. I don't really know much about theoretical physics :|

Do a video on neutrons. :) Especially neutron beam.

@djfxtrader900 Not quite, there were also trace ammounts of heavier elements, mostly lithium.

I'm from Sturgeon Falls. You guys in Sudbury and North Bay are lucky because you get all of the cool stuff lol

Due to momentum conservation, whatever signal the neutrino produces is going to be roughly in the same direction as the original neutrino.

@metabog quaternion yes ! if your referring to orientation of angles ,euler rotations etc i do 3d cgi as hobbie ,reason i use the the word is do do with a word survey that i found out about so i say it on every reply to sixtysymbols channel hehe

This is the best sixty symbols ever!

7:27 Did he hit himself lol Anyways, great video as always, I'd love to see one on positrons!

very interesting video thanks

I have to admit that I did chuckle quite loudly when he poked his cheek at 7:24 . OK, maybe a little more than a chuckle!

@tucense neutrinos travel very close to the speed of light so the difference of when we see the blast and when the neutrinos arrive is negligible, I would suppose

@JBernert52 no, SN1987A was visible as a relatively dim star. Easily visible with the unaided eye, but far less bright than the brightest stars in the sky, and nowhere near the brightness of the Moon.

I wish they'd have told us if matter swirling around an event horizon emits many neutrinos and what percentage of a stars rest mass is presumed to be radiated away by neutrinos vs light vs plasma, and how that varies with a stars size and composition. I also wonder what the fine structure of the solar core is presumed to be. Are their layers of heavy elements like a uranium or iron at the very center that neutrinos could be theoretically used to see?

Can you create a video about phonons? I notice they have being mentioned in a couple of videos.

It is my understanding "tachyon" (with an A) is just a label for any particle that moves faster than light.

few questions. the massless particles cant change because they experiance no passage of time right? with the neutrino having almost no interactions what we do detect is it hitting a proton directly? i would also assume its very small so would that make it more like when it hits a quark directly? final question with quantum field theroy in mind is it hitting anything really the right way to look at it. dosent it come down to if there is a reaction with the weak force then we can detect it. if not the "wave packet" of the neutrino may indeed go right through, regaurdless of a direct "hit"?

I just thought of something and it may seem completely worthless but i could be right. maybe when the nuetrinos were going faster than light something happened to give them a negative mass or maybe they went through a negative area of space

In "What do you care what people think" Feynman tells about how his father asked him if the electron that's emitted by an atom when it changes state was in the atom ahead of time. It's nothing like that. A neutron isn't a container with two physical down quarks and an up quark and a neutrino that falls out when you replace one of the down quarks with an up quark. The quarks are not physical objects. They're properties of the proton, and the neutrino only begins to exist when it's being released.

Does "not having mass" mean it cannot transmute? When I heard that I thought that being massless it travels at speed of light, therefore its own time is still and that's why it cannot change. But then: how do photos transmute into pairs of matter-antimatter as described by Feynmann-diagrams? My question then is unanswered: why not having mass means they cannot transmute?

@nmarbletoe8210

Жыл бұрын

If I am not mistaken that photon into electron/positron thing requires a nearby charge that the photon zooms by. So maybe that's the answer, the photon "hits" that charge. not sure though it's a great question

i had no idea that there was even electrons and positrons and neutrinos in protons and neutrons for them to be decay particles they had to be in the p/N all along . COOL.

That's one hell of a good question!

@skinnyjohnsen I think it would be hard to know what neutrinos came from the supernova and what came from earth, since they are so hard to detect. I remember watchin a documentary about the first experiment, where they had that large pool of chlorine(mentioned in this video), according to calculations they should have detected about 10 neutrinos per week, and they only detected 3 neutrinos on average... thats because they only could detect one type back then, they didn't know of the other two.

"the chances of one actually hitting... HEAD ON are actually really tiny". I love how he's unintentionally demonstrating the "hitting head on" XD

@petsoukos I'm just guessing the neutrinos are not sucked in because they don't feel the gravity pull, but they do collide because the black hole is so dense.

actually , the standard model says that all particles are massless, but then the Higgs mechanism is how most particles gain their rest mass, except for photons and gluons it is confirmed that neutrinos do have mass, since they travel slower than c.

As long as the neutrinos have mass, they have forces of attraction which interact with other masses. They do get affected, but the effects are very small, almost negligible. So there is no reason why Black holes wouldn't affect them (even an atom in our body does). This is the relationship between Gravity and Mass and Distance. A poem by Francis Thompson: "All things by immortal power near or far to each other hiddenly linked are. That thou cans't not stir a flower without troubling a star."

So, what is the size of the void between each neutrino?, since so many pass through a small space within a small amount of time. Do neutrinos interact with the higgs field ?

@mrspidey80

7 жыл бұрын

Yes. Hence the mass.

neutrinos don't have anything to decay into , except maybe some particle-antiparticle pair wich then annihilates back into the neutrino, but considering how light they are, they shouldn't decay into anything at all, they should just fly around forever until they get absorbed by a proton/neutron or if they get sucked up by a black hole.

@StaupEimer positron emission is beta + decay

@sudler2008 Yes, but this could be down to the neutrinos from the supernova not having as much energy as those created at CERN.

That's a good question. Considering the distance between Earth and a supernova, light vs. neutrinos would travel a significant enough distance to reveal the difference between their speeds. If neutrinos indeed travel slightly faster than light, then we should have observed the spike in neutrinos about an house or so prior to seeing the supernova. I suspect the scientists are going back to these observations if the spike arrived hours before visual observation of the supernova.

This was made before the discovery of neutrinos...

That was 1 thing I always wonder about, ty for the video and explianations. 1 thing comes to mind, if neutrinos can change 1 atom to another, how much, in ratio, does neutrinos related to life as we know it?

8:24 “Right at the start. Before t even started” ? I’m confused. And with reason. Please explain this stylized sentence start, please

i just love these so much. what mysterious little particles. If they have a mass, then what speed do they get up to?

@MrOldprof no offense, is just, so cool to see a protagonist answering comments.

@curixq the neutrinos from the mentioned supernova were detected about 3hours before the light from the supernova was observed. Yet neutrinos, as they said in the video, overwhelmingly pass through everything w/o being absorbed, light does not... So with the supernova the neutrinos created from the last bits of fusion would have escaped the star much quicker than light. That is the current theory on those observations yet by that same argument the neutrinos should have been dete ted years befo

Neutrino oscillation was not confirmed until 1998 by Super K, though this did explain why Homestead(The source of the neutrino problem) keep getting rough 1/3 of their neutrinos they expected.

He said that he needed to convert two protons into two neutrons to complete the He-4 nucleus, he said that it would be done by the proton emitting a positron and a neutrino.

i think you are correct. if you carry out the heisenberg uncertainty principle equation and you know that the energy is exactly 0 then the mass will be 0.

Did the neutrino detectors spike during the recent gravitational waves events?

If the increase in neutrinos occurred at the same time as the light hit earth, does that not imply that the neutrinos are travelling at the same speed as the photons, and therefore cannot have mass? Even if they moved at 99% of the speed of light, over such vast distances they would have reached earth at different times

A positron is the antimatter opposite of the electron.

loved it

The short version of e=mc2 is that energy and matter are 2 sides of the same coin. Just like there is no electricity without magnetism (elctromagnetism), just like there is no space without time (spacetime), there is no energy without mass (I guess it really should be called energymass). We should still remember that the theory of relativity predicts it's own downfall when spacetime is so strong it's bent into a singularity, so whatever theories we have are, by definition, limited and tentative

Can you make a video about Cherenkov radiation?

@Plasmana2000 Everything will be effected by a black hole...even mass-less particles. Gravity is a space-time curvature, so all particles will follow this curvature, photons, neutrinos etc...