Spermidine - autophagy & anti-aging research (2021)

Ғылым және технология

SPONSOR - Longevity.Technology: www.longevity.technology/?utm...
Spermidine is a natural polyamine found in many foods you likely eat; mushrooms, broccoli, apples, nuts, soy, aged cheese & much more. Like the other polyamines, putrescine and spermine, their attraction to negatively charged compounds like DNA, RNA and some proteins have resulted in them being connected to a variety of different cellular processes ranging from cell growth to cell death.
In terms of spermidine, one cellular process it activates where there is much scientific evidence for, is autophagy. Autophagy is a regulated cell mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components - it is often thought of as a recycling process. Life extension seen in model organisms supplemented with spermidine seems to be autophagy dependent. This has caused much interest in further exploring how spermidine is acting and what anti-aging benefits it could have.
For example, in this video we will take a look at a recent study that shows dietary spermidine improves cognitive function in flies and mice and there is a correlation with spermidine intake and cognitive performance in humans. But are there risks to spermidine supplementation and would food intake be sufficient to get these benefits? Find out in this video.
TIMESTAMPS
Intro - 00:00
What is spermidine - 00:30
Spermidine & anti-aging (autophagy) - 02:30
Cognitive function - 05:20
Clinical trials and thoughts - 10:30
REFERENCES;
Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function - doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021...
Spermidine in health and disease Science 26 Jan 2018:
Vol. 359, Issue 6374, eaan2788
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2788
Eisenberg, T., Abdellatif, M., Schroeder, S. et al. Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nat Med 22, 1428-1438 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/nm.4222
Eisenberg, T., Knauer, H., Schauer, A. et al. Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity. Nat Cell Biol 11, 1305-1314 (2009). doi.org/10.1038/ncb1975
Nutritional Aspects of Spermidine - doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-...
Minois N, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F. Polyamines in aging and disease. Aging (Albany NY). 2011; 3:716-732. doi.org/10.18632/aging.100361
Clinical Trial - clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/N...
Partridge, L., Fuentealba, M. & Kennedy, B.K. The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 19, 513-532 (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41573-020-00...
Polyamines Control eIF5A Hypusination, TFEB Translation, and Autophagy to Reverse B Cell Senescence - doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019...
DISCLAIMER: This video is for educational purposes. I am not a doctor and don't offer health advice.
Check out ‪@LifespanNews‬ latest video - • Overworking could give...
Icons in intro; "www.freepik.com/free-photos-v..."Background vector created by freepik - www.freepik.com

Пікірлер: 140

  • @TheSheekeyScienceShow
    @TheSheekeyScienceShow3 жыл бұрын

    Cool me a biochemist nerd, but my favourite fact from making this video was the hypusination :D ! What was yours?

  • @randenrichards5461

    @randenrichards5461

    3 жыл бұрын

    Your accent lol, but I’m a yank and I dig it and to me it’s also soothing. On the spermidine, it’s so underrated there has been a lot of evidence that it’s effective yet there seems to be no market for it in the supplement area, at least I can’t find any and I was taking a lot of wheat germ to get an effective amount per day until I read some studies that wheat germ has a negative effect on testosterone. My ask is what else is there out there that can give a lot of bang for the buck on spermidine or a supplement I may of missed?

  • @rhyothemisprinceps1617

    @rhyothemisprinceps1617

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@randenrichards5461 Sprouts and microgreens can have a lot; see article by Kralj Cigic et al. 2020 in Foods. IIRC there is discussion of potentially undesirable constituents such as cadaverine and canavanine. From the video it seems it might be possible to get too much spermidine. I think it would benefit my daughter, but she has Celiac and multiple allergies so wheat germ and spermidine supps from wheat germ (there is one, I forget the name) are not suitable. The video reminded me I needed to add some frozen peas to my grocery order.

  • @TheBwithers

    @TheBwithers

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@randenrichards5461 I'm reading studies that wheat germ increases testosterone

  • @abritrn

    @abritrn

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@randenrichards5461 Primeadine and Spermadinelife are 2 brands. Very expensive and I think it would be pretty easy to get 1 mg (the amount in those supplements) in the diet- natto, tempeh, edamame, soy nuts, peas, mushrooms, nuts.

  • @Celtokee

    @Celtokee

    3 жыл бұрын

    The hypusination aspect was enlightening, but also the suggestion that we should limit semen consumption.

  • @TonyT-fz8od
    @TonyT-fz8od3 жыл бұрын

    you have the most underrated channel on youtube. amazing content and appreciate all the work you put in. All your videos about longevity and disaease prevention are amazing. thank you!

  • @Celtokee

    @Celtokee

    3 жыл бұрын

    Agreed. Sheekey and Dr. Michael Lustgarten are the two best reviewers and presenters of relevant current literature, and advancing reasonable hypotheses based on same. But Sheekey gets the nod. Love the way she highlights in color salient sentences.

  • @jojoeleven8878

    @jojoeleven8878

    2 жыл бұрын

    Sheeky Science Show about healthy lives => 20.000 Views ; Gangnam Style => 40.000.000.000 Views; Nuff Said

  • @hannabaal150
    @hannabaal1503 жыл бұрын

    You move right through this information, which requires actually paying attention. My first look at your channel is impressive. Thanks!

  • @manuelojeda9144
    @manuelojeda91443 жыл бұрын

    Your deligence in this area is remarkable. I have learned a lot. Thanks.

  • @ericcigs5425
    @ericcigs5425 Жыл бұрын

    You are INCREDIBLE.... i hope u get proper recognition!! THANKYOU

  • @mr-nobody-on-youtube
    @mr-nobody-on-youtube Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for this. Love these videos. A few times you have really helped me to make some informed decisions when looking for treatments for myself. This is one where I am getting more from food than I ever will from a supplement!

  • @AdamT2
    @AdamT23 жыл бұрын

    Great science communication, you have made me love biochemistry!

  • @elliottrubenstein1746
    @elliottrubenstein17463 жыл бұрын

    Very informative. Love graphics and your accent. Keep up good work.

  • @dr.julia-heyakarcic8862
    @dr.julia-heyakarcic88623 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing the reference articles.

  • @Lexington101
    @Lexington101 Жыл бұрын

    Great video, explained a lot of high science stuff to lay people like me, well done! And great style, I second what Tony T below said.

  • @clairebradbury11
    @clairebradbury112 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, very clear and interesting

  • @normjohnson4629
    @normjohnson46293 жыл бұрын

    Very nice. Thanks for not using a robot voice.

  • @luisfernando55
    @luisfernando553 жыл бұрын

    Subscribed ! Do you have a video where you explain what kind of tools(software) for making a regular video on your channel ? Thanks !

  • @AshrafAli-mr9pz
    @AshrafAli-mr9pz3 жыл бұрын

    Clear explanation. If you've a research done on Olive leaf extract and polyphenols. Could you share a link?

  • @littlevoice_11
    @littlevoice_113 жыл бұрын

    Was I the only one who was very relieved to hear the sources of spermidine weren't as grim as I initially feared 🤮

  • @ArticBlueFox96
    @ArticBlueFox963 жыл бұрын

    This is great

  • @bleu27
    @bleu27 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for the nice illustration! Is there a max dose of Spermidine/day suggested by scientists or nutritionists?

  • @brewhog
    @brewhog3 жыл бұрын

    Awesome! Thanks for the upload. Do you mind sharing what software you are using for the whiteboard and the video editing? I love what you are doing!

  • @MrDani695

    @MrDani695

    3 жыл бұрын

    I second this question, it looks really user-friendly and easy to use!

  • @MrStarchild3001
    @MrStarchild30013 ай бұрын

    Spermidine is a natural polyamine found in many foods like mushrooms, aged cheese, soybeans, and whole grains. As a polyamine, spermidine is attracted to negatively charged compounds like DNA, RNA and proteins, allowing it to be involved in various cellular functions ranging from growth to death. One key cellular process that spermidine activates is autophagy. Autophagy is a mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components. It acts as a recycling system to break down these components and generate new functional ones. The life extension seen in model organisms supplemented with spermidine seems to be autophagy-dependent (Eisenberg et al, 2009). In addition to activating autophagy, spermidine supplementation has shown other anti-aging effects in animal studies: - Dietary spermidine extends lifespan in yeast, flies, worms and mice (Eisenberg et al, 2016) - Spermidine improves cardiovascular function and reduces high blood pressure in aged mice (Eisenberg et al, 2016) - Spermidine reduces age-related motor impairment in flies Recent research has also investigated the effects of spermidine on cognitive function. A study by Schroeder et al (2021) found that spermidine supplementation improved memory in both flies and mice: - In aged flies, spermidine feeding for 10 days improved immediate recall memory by 50% compared to controls - In aged mice, 3 months of oral spermidine supplementation improved spatial memory, novel object recognition, and associative memory - Mechanistically, spermidine reduced age-associated brain inflammation and increased levels of the transcription factor TFEB in mice, which regulates autophagy To determine if these cognitive benefits translate to humans, the researchers analyzed data from a long-running population study. They found that higher levels of spermidine intake correlated with better cognitive performance on a memory recall test, even when controlling for age, sex, education and other factors (Schroeder et al, 2021). Those in the highest quartile of spermidine intake (7.89 mg/day) were 60% less likely to have poor memory scores compared to the lowest intake quartile (Schroeder et al, 2021). While these results are promising, clinical trials are still needed to directly test the effects of spermidine supplementation on human health and longevity. A small trial is currently listed on clinicaltrials.gov, but results are not yet available. In terms of dosage, nutritional data suggests average daily spermidine intake is around 7-10 mg per day from foods. Supplements are available but not necessarily recommended, as food sources are likely sufficient. There are also potential risks to consider with high-dose supplementation, as excess polyamines have been linked to conditions like cancer in some studies. In conclusion, spermidine is a promising compound for promoting longevity and healthspan. Its key mechanisms seem to be activating autophagy and improving cognitive function, as shown in animal models and preliminary human data (Eisenberg et al, 2009; Schroeder et al, 2021). However, more research, particularly clinical trials, are needed to confirm efficacy and determine optimal dosing in humans. For now, the safest approach may be to obtain spermidine from dietary sources like mushrooms, legumes, whole grains and aged cheeses. Future studies will continue to elucidate the full potential of this intriguing natural polyamine.

  • @bogrunberger
    @bogrunberger3 жыл бұрын

    I suggested to my wife that she should be supplementing with spermidine, and she thought I was randy.

  • @bornfree3963

    @bornfree3963

    Жыл бұрын

    She’s correct!

  • @SeganHealthHacker
    @SeganHealthHacker Жыл бұрын

    Talking about spermwhatever in this English accent n omg-so-cute feminine voice. Learned/understood nothing (n I lived in London) aside from the fact that I'm in love. Cuteness over 9000. Pleasant voice 2 study with.

  • @mickmack9333
    @mickmack9333 Жыл бұрын

    hi ms sheekey, i just watched this video on spermidine. u said there could b a correlation of spermidine and cancer. I checked out a couple of papers online and found that spermidine is in fact a mtor inhibitor. in this way spermidine would prevent cancer, right?

  • @victorchan5456
    @victorchan54563 жыл бұрын

    Can you upload english subtitle ?

  • @mylesl2890
    @mylesl28902 жыл бұрын

    so any nice links to where we can purchase some ??

  • @acousticmotorbike2118
    @acousticmotorbike21182 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant

  • @peterz53
    @peterz533 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for another excellent and detailed review. Given the amounts in food, one wonders why supplement makers are charging high $ for 1 mg doses.

  • @manmoth4

    @manmoth4

    3 жыл бұрын

    I just add chlorella powder to food. It's basically dried algae standardised to about 1mg spermidine per gram, packet says a couple of level teaspoons would give you 5mg. Doesn't taste bad, but makes things look a bit Chernobyl. I add to food rather than drink.

  • @ctguitarguy8510

    @ctguitarguy8510

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@manmoth4 which supplement is this? Because every chlorella supplement I've seen shows it takes nearly a kilogram of chlorella to get about 1 gram of spermidine. That's a lot.

  • @manmoth4

    @manmoth4

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ctguitarguy8510 Yeah, but you only want mgs of spermidine, not grams lol

  • @ctguitarguy8510

    @ctguitarguy8510

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@manmoth4 No, I want grams.

  • @manmoth4

    @manmoth4

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ctguitarguy8510 Well, standard supplements are pills of 1mg each, so chlorella are still cheaper per mg either way

  • @OneDayIMay91Bil
    @OneDayIMay91Bil6 ай бұрын

    I love your channel I hate that I only just found it

  • @titititi2022
    @titititi20223 жыл бұрын

    I wonder what would be the human equivalent of 3 mm dose for mices? Any idea? Some supplement manufacturers recommend 1mg per day.

  • @manuelojeda9144
    @manuelojeda91443 жыл бұрын

    I take QUERCETIN and Fisetin supplements. I eat a lot of ARAGULA and broccoli

  • @brewhog
    @brewhog3 жыл бұрын

    Is there more info on specific dose levels that would be considered dangerous (Cancer potential)? (Just looking for more reading related to spermidine supplementation)

  • @TheSheekeyScienceShow

    @TheSheekeyScienceShow

    3 жыл бұрын

    The links I provided in the description (particularly the reviews) are best!

  • @ctguitarguy8510
    @ctguitarguy85103 жыл бұрын

    What are the dosages for human trials? 1mg strikes me as rather low, does it not? That is what is available in supplements at the moment.

  • @mooinabc1
    @mooinabc1 Жыл бұрын

    How many mg are there in Broccoli sprouts and broccolli seed?

  • @TheShazExperience
    @TheShazExperience Жыл бұрын

    I love Sheekey Science Show ❤ A question for you… If you had to choose between taking Spermadine, or doing a Fasting Mimicking Diet what would you choose?

  • @adopenmindiswhatyoullfind5305

    @adopenmindiswhatyoullfind5305

    2 ай бұрын

    I do both. Started the supplement. Stopped to do the fast mimicking diet and then started taking it again. There are other benefits of fasting besides autophagy. I do the diet to lower blood sugar. Some use it for weight loss.

  • @Aryeh-o
    @Aryeh-o3 жыл бұрын

    sounds pretty weak compared to the price of the compound and the difficulty of regularly eating wheat germ.

  • @blindandlearning9379
    @blindandlearning93793 жыл бұрын

    I have a pair in an apple every day do you think that’s enough?

  • @asmadak
    @asmadak Жыл бұрын

    Is it safe to take for people who have Cancer?

  • @RepublicansAreVile
    @RepublicansAreVile3 жыл бұрын

    I love your videos. I did have one question about something you say toward the end of this particular video. Is the risk that, if you already have cancer, it might somehow help the already-existing cancer cells? Or is the risk that spermidine might actually cause totally new cancer?

  • @TheSheekeyScienceShow

    @TheSheekeyScienceShow

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks and the main observation is that polyamine synthesis is up regulated in cancer tissues. Besides that not much is known!

  • @mylesl2890

    @mylesl2890

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@TheSheekeyScienceShow unf. that is a really really big unknown.

  • @TerryRGraham
    @TerryRGraham2 жыл бұрын

    Is Spermidine Trihydrochloride toxic?

  • @DheerajBhaskar
    @DheerajBhaskar3 жыл бұрын

    What was my takeaway from this video? Nothing was actionable.

  • @MT-sq3jo
    @MT-sq3jo2 жыл бұрын

    Being a chemist who knows more about the high toxicity of small poly amine molecules than any health benefits specific polyamines have, I was shocked to see these polyamine molecules highlighted in this video. I’m intrigued but not ready to jump in taking a spermidine supplement. I’ll just eat healthy food and let nature to decide how much my intake will be.

  • @luckssj
    @luckssj Жыл бұрын

    Have you looked at Glycocalyx Structure and it's effective on death

  • @andreycham4797
    @andreycham47973 жыл бұрын

    Now I see why women live longer

  • @charlessavoie2367
    @charlessavoie2367 Жыл бұрын

    similar to fisetin (strawberries)

  • @jacklan4103
    @jacklan4103 Жыл бұрын

    I think I'll pass on this one and just take fish oil instead. What am i suppose to tell people if they found out i take spermidine?

  • @hkw53
    @hkw532 жыл бұрын

    Out of all your research 🧐 what is the best supplement you have tried that gave you the best hair growth results?

  • @NASkeywest

    @NASkeywest

    Жыл бұрын

    You can get finasteride and other hair supplements online.

  • @hkw53

    @hkw53

    Жыл бұрын

    @@NASkeywest Where can I get Finasteride from? How much to take? Thanks

  • @andrewchristie3139
    @andrewchristie31393 жыл бұрын

    Interesting! Curious - why would anyone spend 90 dollars on a Spermidine supplement when you can get it from a single serving of Wheat Germ?

  • @theeclectic2919

    @theeclectic2919

    3 жыл бұрын

    Good question. I put wheat germ in my yogurt every morning. I have ZERO age related issues.

  • @abritrn

    @abritrn

    3 жыл бұрын

    Wheat germ contains gluten so a person with celiac disease would not be able to tolerate it. But they can get spermidine from other food sources like soy beans, peas, mushrooms.

  • @ctguitarguy8510

    @ctguitarguy8510

    3 жыл бұрын

    The variability in wheat germ is dramatic. They use wheat germ extract, essentially, in these supplements. Only specific types of wheat have high levels and they dont like to share which ones. Wheat germ also goes rancid rather quickly too, unlike the supplements. What would be best is a higher dose product to meet what is consumed naturall but optimal diet like 10-25 grams.

  • @luisfernando55

    @luisfernando55

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ctguitarguy8510 what kind of food contains it ? Thanks

  • @ctguitarguy8510

    @ctguitarguy8510

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@luisfernando55 The highest known food source is wheat germ.

  • @mik19mazz
    @mik19mazz9 ай бұрын

    It would have been nice if this was explained more in Layman Terms.

  • @manuelojeda9144
    @manuelojeda91443 жыл бұрын

    There is a recall on METAFORMIN FOR IMPURITY.

  • @panama2468

    @panama2468

    2 жыл бұрын

    Berberine is a great replacement for metformin

  • @showkatkhan8461
    @showkatkhan84612 жыл бұрын

    hi, if i eat peas, mushroom, hard cheese, broccoli do i still need to take spermidine supplement? thank you.

  • @larryc1616

    @larryc1616

    Жыл бұрын

    I just make my own whenever I visit a porn site 💋

  • @GGschanel94
    @GGschanel949 ай бұрын

    Best spermidine supplements name ?

  • @sirt1353
    @sirt13532 жыл бұрын

    Could this help with hair regrowth in males as well? If no, is there any other anti-aging supplement that may be good for that?

  • @daniellem1838

    @daniellem1838

    2 жыл бұрын

    Check out More Plates More Dates channel for men and hair loss.

  • @sirt1353

    @sirt1353

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@daniellem1838 what is the summary of the things he say?

  • @cliffmode2000
    @cliffmode20003 жыл бұрын

    So if I read that table correctly the best food to eat is whole wheat bread? I'm a dumb ape. Help me. 🙏

  • @george6252

    @george6252

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm going to try mixing wheat germ in yogurt. Wheat bread will cause serious weight gain. The Spermidine supplements on Amazon are wheat germ capsules costing 59 dollars a bottle.

  • @yosefsugi1808
    @yosefsugi180811 ай бұрын

  • @-w-.
    @-w-.3 жыл бұрын

    And here I was thinking that eating -sperm- is good for longevity.

  • @-w-.

    @-w-.

    3 жыл бұрын

    Then again...... It is found in sperm 🤔

  • @ThatCatCameBack

    @ThatCatCameBack

    Жыл бұрын

    rub it on your face to prevent wrinkles =:3

  • @ChrisGroggyCreaser
    @ChrisGroggyCreaser Жыл бұрын

    - I've been Taking it Approx 2 Weeks & I Havn't felt one iota of difference to my ULTRA-TIREDNESS/BRAIN FOG!!... :(

  • @gicuneagu

    @gicuneagu

    Жыл бұрын

    try this : electrolyte renewal, you might be having low electrolytes, supplement magnesium, NU salt (salt with potassium chloride) for all meals then reply here if it worked ;)

  • @garroshhellscream8069
    @garroshhellscream80693 жыл бұрын

    so, can male ejaculation increase longevity while in a fasted state 24+ hours? because i only have sex in a fasted state because i have a better prefformance.

  • @susymay7831
    @susymay78313 жыл бұрын

    Is it best to cut out dinner rather than breakfast if we are trying to eat all our calories within right hours? Or visa versa?

  • @FatumAedifico65

    @FatumAedifico65

    3 жыл бұрын

    I find I'm more alert and less hungry when I don't eat breakfast than when I do. So cutting out breakfast comes easy for me. But others may have a very different response to breakfast. Listen to your body.

  • @rhyothemisprinceps1617
    @rhyothemisprinceps16173 жыл бұрын

    re: sex differences - men are more susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema, but can achieve higher VO2 max than women. Women are more susceptible to pulmonary arterial hypertension. hmmm ...

  • @rhyothemisprinceps1617

    @rhyothemisprinceps1617

    3 жыл бұрын

    Male babies are also more susceptible to SIDS. I mentioned this and possible relationship to SOX9 above, but there is a recent article that reports a link between SIDS and MAO-A, which is on the X chromosome and is also regulated by SRY (the sex determining gene on the Y chromosome).

  • @gravelman5789
    @gravelman57893 жыл бұрын

    ONATO RULES!!!

  • @ketokarbs3671
    @ketokarbs3671 Жыл бұрын

    It's in MEAT

  • @DBCooper3
    @DBCooper310 ай бұрын

    You talk way to evenly and mono the whole time, that all of what you say blurs together

  • @andyz.5431
    @andyz.54313 жыл бұрын

    I simply integrated 30g of wheat germs into my breakfast.

  • @Michael_RareZebra

    @Michael_RareZebra

    3 жыл бұрын

    Does roasted wheat germ still have spermadine intact?

  • @ManoBengaluru
    @ManoBengaluru3 жыл бұрын

    Semen Retention

  • @clarencethomas8906

    @clarencethomas8906

    11 ай бұрын

    Yes SEMEN RETENTION!!! Give NOTHING

  • @melodymoore2943
    @melodymoore29433 жыл бұрын

    Maybe you should research fast hair growth shampoo to double hair growth.

  • @ts6070
    @ts60703 жыл бұрын

    First

  • @tomsport4537

    @tomsport4537

    3 жыл бұрын

    I wonder if you are 9 years or older 😂😂😂

  • @ts6070

    @ts6070

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@tomsport4537 Friend I’m definitely older than you that I’m very sure of as I do remember second boer war..😉

  • @theeclectic2919

    @theeclectic2919

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ts6070 I remember Lincoln!

  • @ts6070

    @ts6070

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@theeclectic2919 I was at school with his dad..

  • @benv.5170
    @benv.51702 жыл бұрын

    Your accent is too strong

  • @jedlimen123
    @jedlimen1232 жыл бұрын

    Sorry, does not sound very appetizing.

  • @dieudonnecorstjens4138
    @dieudonnecorstjens4138 Жыл бұрын

    If you translate somsing than do it proppely, the translator don't speak british or dutsh or both not ,it is bad.

  • @StevieWonders2020
    @StevieWonders2020 Жыл бұрын

    Interesting---if only it was narrated in English.

  • @stephanszwajcar2287
    @stephanszwajcar22873 жыл бұрын

    What is this accent.. i hardly understand a word 😉

  • @mayahobsbawm415

    @mayahobsbawm415

    2 жыл бұрын

    It is Oxford English, the kind that educated people (and also upper class) is speaking!

  • @adespade119

    @adespade119

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@mayahobsbawm415 like what I do too.

  • @theodorephillipgideon2747

    @theodorephillipgideon2747

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mayahobsbawm415 Sounds more like a black sales assistant from our local B&Q.

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