Hello Prof. Shell. Thanks very much for this video. it has been very helpful to me! I have three questions I hope you would kindly answer for me. I have been unable to find the answers: 1. did Elder Futhark have both long and short sounds for all of its vowels? 2. is the "a" of the letter name ansuz long or short or neither? (you had said in your video it is a back vowel) 3. is eihwaz (ae) a vowel or diphthong? Is the initial sound of the letter name long or short? With many thanks!

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

3 ай бұрын

Great questions, Pete. The following refers to early Proto-Germanic times and the Elder Futhark: 1. For *īsa, yes long and short. 2. *ūruz also represented both long and short. 3. The *ansuz rune only represented short "a." Later on, we get long "a" through the process of aŋh > ā̃h, but in the earliest times, we did not have a long "a" in Proto-Germanic. 4. eihwaz (ǣ) was a monophthong (like "a" as in American English "apple."). 5. The ōþila rune could only represent a long "o" (technically the sound is like the long "o" in Midwestern "caught" or "coffee.") There was no short "o" in PGmc. 6. For ehwaz, this actually only represented short "e." Later on, ǣ (from eihwaz) became a long "e" sound. Then ehwaz could represent both short and long "e." Essentially, all questions pertaining to Proto-Germanic depend on the chronology. But, those are some basic answers to your questions.

@Pete-id5mt

3 ай бұрын

THANK YOU!!!! With best wishes for your continuing success!!!! @@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Thank you very much, very useful information. This is one of those things we just keep reading words but never actually hear them (in any language) and then in an actual conversation with someone who speaks the languages we just make a fool of ourselves :P . . . Once again, thank you for this video, much appreciated :D

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Absolutely. I'm glad you liked it, Arith!

Thank you from NORTH Denver Colorado thank you so much

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Күн бұрын

Appreciate it.

Skip to 11:30 if you want to just hear the names with no commentary. Cheers.

@factfiend1000

11 ай бұрын

Quite interesting. Why the Elder Runes? What about the Younger or Armanen? I've read that Freyr was the king of Elves. I've also read that Ingwaz could have been his proper name, considering that Freyr meant The Lord. Ingwaz was used for The Son in the Gothic Bible. If, in concept, the Elves and Anseis are the same, then a deeper connection is formed. Ingwaz, The Son, is King of the Elves or Anseis. In Armanism, Alfheim is equivalent to Walhall in Wotanism. So, Ingwaz looks over the noble ancestors in Alfheim(Walhall). I could be totally off, but what are your thoughts?

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

​@@factfiend1000 This channel is focused on continental stuff. So, Elder makes sense. People can find YF pronunciation on JC's channel. Armanen is just modern German pronunciation. Though, it would be interesting to do a video on the Armanen system. I have always found List to be an interesting figure in his time. Yes, Ingwaz as a proper name makes a lot of sense, especially since you have the Ingvaeones (people descended from Ing). Both Freyr and Freyja are really more like title epithets. Where did you see that Ing was used for 'The Son' in the Gothic Bible? Give me a line number (Mark 13:2, etc.). I just did a quick cursory search, and I couldn't find anything. But, then again, I don't have access to a concordance (I will next week, though!). A connection between Alfheim and Walhall could make sense, especially in terms of noble dead ancestors.

@factfiend1000

11 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 My resource is The Mysteries of the Goths. "However, Ulfilas used the name *Iggws for the Greek letter X(chi), which was used almost exclusively in Gothic for writing the name of Christ." From the Foreword to the Book of Teutonic Psalms(Ostara and the New Templars, Lanz von Liebenfels, 55 Club): "The Arian Bishop Ulfilas translates "sacraments" as "runes", iggws(Ingwe, divine ancestor of the Nordic English) for the letter X, which was synonymous for the Gothic Christ, the Father of Christ was still called the All father by the Goths and so on". On the Armanist realms, Armanist Wanaheim was the same as Thrudheim in Wotanism.

Thank you for bringing forth so much clarity on this subject. I appreciate your clearing away the all too common fog of misinformation that abounds on the internet. I look forward to practicing these correct runic names.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Glad I could help!

That was great. I was saying at least 75% of them are perfect already. gonna up my invocation game

This was really helpfull, thank you so much!🌸

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

17 күн бұрын

Happy to help

Dr Shell, thanks so much for this. Over the past 30 + years, I've encountered some of the worst pronunciations of the Elder Futhark both inside and outside of organizations with a focus on them, ones which were *nowhere even in the ballpark* of being accurate, so I understand the urge to recoil in sheer horror when some of them hit your eardrum, or to cock your head sideways and say "What?" My pronunciation of them was developed via the charts in the books which Dr Flowers published through Weiser, but it's apparent that I have to fine-tune a few of them now, and thanks to you, I now have the means to do so. Once again, this is much appreciated.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

10 ай бұрын

Glad I could help!

I am so happy I came across this video. Especially the last bit where you're speaking each word one after another. Listening to that part over and over will help me get a better sense of how to speak 'em in sentences.🙏✌️

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

5 ай бұрын

Glad I could help

Great craft Scott Cheers from Myrcna folk

I am still wondering about the difference between ehwaz and eihwaz. If pronounced like you did, they sound exactly the same. But if every rune is also a sound, why would you have two of the same sound, but look different? I am trying to build a reference sheet here to translate some German sounds into runes as far as I can. But these two...they are bothering me😅 Another question about jera: I see two differrent ways to write jera all the time (left on top and right on top). I wonder if one of them is wrong, or if both are correct? Do you have any information about that? Thanks for the video :)

A much needed video! I can't believe that there hadn't been one sooner (unless I've not seen it). It would be quite interesting to know why some of these rune names are pronounced the way they are. I know you had touched upon it in the video with some of them. Also, I think a phonetic spelling list of all the Elder Futhark rune names would be very helpful for pronounciation. Some are a little tricky to pronounce like the Raiðō, Gebō and Eihwaz runes.

Very thankful🙏

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

4 ай бұрын

Happy to help

Oh wow, talking about a lightbulb. Just glad that I've been saying a chunk of these correct.

You make learning quite fun.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Glad to hear that!!!

💀..Nicely presented, Mr. Shell..!

A friend is making me an othila wall hanging in exchange for the walnut log it's coming from.

Time count down is the message

Thanks; this was very helpful! I mostly think in terms of the Anglo-Saxon (or Anglo-Frisian) runes, and lose track of the elder futhark. Good to get a linguist's explanation on it.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

I could easily do a video on the pronunciation of those runes, too. I'll look into it

@karencarlson1693

11 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 That would be great!

I'll put this on my community page

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

9 ай бұрын

I appreciate that. I hope other people help distribute this, as well. If anyone knows about rune pronunciation, it's a linguist. WE are the ones who came up with these reconstructions in the first place. WE have reasons for why we reconstruct certain vowels and consonants. It's not arbitrary.

Thanks, Scott, that is tremendously helpful. I'm happy to realise that I was pronouncing most of them correctly already, but not all (particularly not enough emphasis on first syllable with 'Othala'.) 'Ehwaz' clearly needs an aspirated 'ch' in the middle, being cognate with 'equus', but can I just run this past you on 'Eihwaz', the 13th rune? I like to pronounce the 'ei' as in the modern German 'Eich', and the reason is that I think it may actually be connected to that. Germanic concepts of tree-species (and bird species, animal species etc.) tended to be pretty fluid over the centuries, and I think it may have originally been conceived as an oak rather than a yew. Just my musing.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Thanks, Chris. I suppose it's possible that the rune may have had that sound. But, the PGmc reconstruction for 'Eiche' is *aikō. The diphthong ai- is represented in runic inscriptions as ansuz + īsa-. Still, it's not completely impossible since we know so little about the rune's phonetic value.

@BoerChris

11 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 Thanks for the clarification.

Hagalaz was certainly unexpected. That's like the Russian Kha letter х. The correct pronunciation of the runes sounds so much like Finnish to me.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Yep or as in the "ch" in German "lachen" or "machen."

Very informative, thank you. There's one thing I've always wondered though what is the az ending in Proto- Germanic mean? I see the az ending on many Proto- Germanic god names and plain words but have never come across a good explanation for what it means.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

10 ай бұрын

Just a grammatical marker. In something like dagaz, the -az informs us that it’s masculine. Technically, it’s an a-stem masculine marker.

@nobrock6416

10 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 Good to finally know. Thank you.

In my rune book it says 6 is 'kaunaz' with a z, do you know why this is?

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

4 ай бұрын

Great question. It's just an incorrect reconstruction. If we reconstructed the rune name to be *kaunaz, we would is expect it to yield, for instance, *kaunr in Old Norse. Of course, this isn't the case. The reflex/rune name in Old Norse is kaun. The only two possible reconstructions are kaunan or kēnaz (from the Old English rune name). What's the name of the book you're looking at?

something again: this 3 commercial aetts are not complete, there are more runes out this order like Quertra, Chosma, Yr, Xerxes, Vaugal, in german: Ätheraz, Östhäle, Überaz, Eulaz, Auguz, Oakuz, Chur, etc. ... :) and thaz why I chose to complete it (but only) in german ^^

Very important! A lot of missunderstanding because pronunciation issues... Maybe you can help me out? The elder futhark is as I know the very first writing form. It switched the letters "a" and "o". The viking or edda futhork proves that. You know why it switched? ...if you pronounce the "orion belt" with elder futhark runes you get "arian belt" or "aryan belt" in the constellation of the charioteer 🤔

For a second I thought you were speaking finnish 😂

Considering that the z mutated into an r in the scandinavians languages I always imagined the z would be more voiced, somewhere along the line of time anyway.

I´m wandering yet about the sound of algiz

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Күн бұрын

"el-geez" The "g" here is like the "g" in "go," not as in "general." The sound itself is just [z]. Later on, it went through rhoticism and became [R].

So ash, eth, thorn and wyn are not part of this system? Confusing.

Tip get on the kite

What about "ew" as in "yew" "the best of bows?" This would be the sound between an E ("eh") and I ("ee") and would represent the "ew" part of "yew" where the "y" is silent, much like "yi" in Chinese where only the I is pronounced. This sound also roots an overtone sound, which in Tuva is considered the best sound to connect to the spirit world.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

5 ай бұрын

The argument I adhere to is that it's pronounced like [æ]. This is "a" as in "apple."

@jeffatwood9417

5 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 yes, I got that in the video. The Anglo-Frisian has a different rune for ash, though, right?

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

5 ай бұрын

​@@jeffatwood9417 Yes, that's correct. The rune is "æsc." The rune that represented "ash" in the PGmc system became a consonant sound in the AF tradition.

@jeffatwood9417

5 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 this ash thing is a new idea to me. How long has it been considered? Is it mostly English speakers suggesting it? I ask because we are the only Germanic language that can’t say sounds like ö, ü and Swedish y. It seems our mi da have lost the ability to make our mouths do this…when I started Swedish, though, I confused the Swedes because I actually sounded Swedish 🤣.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

5 ай бұрын

@@jeffatwood9417 it’s been discussed since around the 1960s - 1970s, and it’s rooted in Germanic linguistic rigor. It’s nothing “new” by any means. And I know what you mean about Swedish, but even modern English preserves one of the oldest original Proto-Germanic sounds that other Germanic languages don’t: [w].

So 2 runes had the same name? This doesn't make sense to me

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

7 ай бұрын

The rune poem names are sometimes different, depending on the tradition

@ZiaElohka

7 ай бұрын

@@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464 What meant is: In this video you pronounce two runes the same. I hear no difference between the rune after Jera and the rune after Berkano

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Күн бұрын

@@ZiaElohka The one after jera is pronounced like "a" as in American English "apple." The one after berkano is "e" as in "entrance."

Thank you, much appreciated! People who say pronunciation details do not matter, or do not care to learn frustrate me. That's similar to saying sheet vs shit, or coke and cock doesn't matter 😂

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

11 ай бұрын

Ahaha exactly!!!

HELP!! How do i pronounce this??? It's Elder Furthark btw ᚢᚨᛃᛁᛖᛏᚨ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚱᛖᛞᛊ ᛚᛖᛏᛟ-ᛈᛁᛊᛖᛏ ᚨ ᛏᚨᚱ ᛗᛟᛚᛞᛟ ᛒᛁ ᚢᚨᚾᛖ ᚾᛖᚲᚢᛚᚲᚨᛏᚢ

ᛇ - this is correctly called "Ei(h)waz" [Aihwasz] - it's the old german "ei" [ai] - note that english people sometimes write an U for an A, so it's the german "ai", not the english "a" - this is very importatnt - and yes, this [ai] is in english the"I" (for I am f.e.) - but Isa is not the "I"/[ai] - it's "iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiih" like u say "me" - not "my"! - hope this will help you my dear :)

Read through so N o G R a P H read light ops

Read what it say don't bather anything else it's configured to be read anagram it's a spelling for academics

He is knowledgeable but condescending unfortunately he is lost in his own bubble.

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

Ай бұрын

Really wasn't trying to sound condescending. Sorry if I offended you.

Why do you think yours are the only correct pronunciations? U of Austin Linguistics Research Center-some of us say eihwaz different from you)-most professors here would say they are correct. Also Jackson Crawford (said his name due to him being well known) and many other Phd professors pronounce Eihwaz different than you. I agree that the ae is pronounced a (as in back) but your saying eihwaz is pronounced- aehwaz- the theory by one person- Elmer Antonsen? Even Antonsen & Leo Connolly- both of them said it different from one another & so to say yours is the correct pronunciation as if it is the only correct pronunciation?? Sir, with all due respect, that is incorrect, but the statement is pompous and makes it seem as if your saying out of everyone in the world, you are the only one correct.

@gavinrolls1054

10 ай бұрын

nearly all of his proto germanic videos at least have large, glaring errors lol

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

9 ай бұрын

It is the most correct pronunciation based on the evidence we have. I'll argue with Marc Pierce, Jackson and other scholars all day on it. It's not pompous. I'm just confident in the reconstruction. I'm always open for debate, but [æ] is the most likely pronunciation of that rune. There is no vowel between [e] and [i]. Still, people (mostly the Scandinavian scholars) claim that the æ-rune represented a vowel in between those two vowels. THERE ARE NO OTHER VOWELS in between those two vowels. Look at that IPA chart. There are tense and lax vowels in that area (proposing a rounded vowel in that area makes absolutely no sense). The i-rune already represented both the lax high vowel [ɪ] and tense high vowel sound [i]. The e-rune represented both lax [ɛ] and tense [e]. So tell me -- what is the most likely candidate? Nobody argues that the a-rune did not represent [ɑ]. So, the only vowel the æ-rune can represent is [æ]. It did not represent a consonant. That is an OE internal development. Again, please do not confuse being pompous with being confident with evidence to back it up. We scholars respectfully argue with one another all the time. And I'm sure it would be difficult to argue with the aforementioned scholars. But, I still strongly stand by what I said in the video. And just for a side note--while I wholeheartedly support the [æ] sound for that rune, the rune name itself (meaning 'yew tree') is still problematic. I only argued for the sound, not the rune meaning.

now i am very confused about ᛇand ᛖ, are these both pronounced similar?

@scottt.shellcontinentalger2464

3 ай бұрын

The first one is like “ash” in American English. The second one is like the “e” in “explode.”

@renutza

3 ай бұрын

🙏