Had to play this at 0.75 speed to follow this as a non-native English speaker, and even then I sometimes couldn't distinguish the words you were saying, but thanks for the interesting vid!

@wendymueller8151

Жыл бұрын

I had the same problem and I am a native English speaker ! Sounds like a racehorse!

@mbfor2420

Жыл бұрын

Same here..... But native speaker

@SuAva

Жыл бұрын

Glad to know it wasn’t just me!

@alexilonopoulos3165

Жыл бұрын

Y’all are slow 😂😂😂😂😂😂

@alexilonopoulos3165

Жыл бұрын

I’m joking bruh calm down chief it ain’t that serious

Fun fact: The Swedish spoken in Finland does not have the velar fricative like the (standard?) Swedish spoken in Sweden e.g. for /sk/, which is instead pronounced [∫]. So "skön" (beautiful) is pronounced the same as German "schön".There are also other major phonological differences between Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish.

@oscarls4063

6 ай бұрын

This is true also of most northern Swedish dialects (however there it's a retroflex fricative, not an alveolar) and older upper class Swedish. Another fun fact :) the Swedish sje-ljud differs in pronunciation depending on dialect - on the West Coast it's generally more of a labial fricative; in Stockholm/Svealand it's more of an alveolar; and in Southern Swedish dialects it's more of a velar.

@excancerpoik

Ай бұрын

And some dialects here still have the masculine and feminine gender instead of the non-neuter it is shown when you instead of saying it (den in standard Swedish) you use the pronouns ha or ho (shortenings of the pronouns han and hon in standard Swedish respectively). So instead of saying it is small to say something is small we say he or she is small depending on what object we are replacing with the pronoun. This also applies to words like that or this, so our "that" would as an example be "hande" implying that its masculine. Likewise "honde" for feminine and "hede" for neuter. I think it's so fascinating how just a regional dialect of the same language has so different grammar.

@joelmattsson9353

11 күн бұрын

​@@excancerpoikmy dialect has remnants of this. We've forgotten most of the feminine words, but it's very common to say han instead of den, and i remember my grandma still having a noticeable masculine/feminine distinction, if with a fairly small number of words she treated as grammatically feminine

@ganjafi59

10 күн бұрын

As a northern Norwegian I love Finland Swedish, and Skåne too btw 😂

English does actually have non-latinate /d͡ʒ/, also as a result of palatalization. Geminated *jj ( OE brycġ > ME bridge

@simontollin2004

Жыл бұрын

Some swedish dialects also have it as palatalization of dj

@tideghost

Жыл бұрын

“Job” is somewhat similar, though its true origin is unclear. Personally, I believe /d͡ʒ/ in “job” naturally developed and voiced from an earlier form, from Middle English choppe (or less likely gobbe) which had /t͡ʃ/.

@MrTrilbe

Жыл бұрын

there is also one instance in English of PG "*brugjǭ" > ON "bryggja" > MiddleEng "Brigge" > ModernEng "Brigg", because quite a large Norse influence in some parts of England, starting from about 830AD, something to do with some kids of Ragnar Lodbrok being very angry or something, but it's ok they did give us some Kings with the House of Knýtlinga.

@DRAKE-mi9rc

Жыл бұрын

@@simontollin2004 Kan du ge exemel? nyfiken

@dan74695

Жыл бұрын

@@simontollin2004 Bothnian, Jamtish, and Dalecarlian/Dalian have it. These are not just Swedish dialects though, they're a mix between West Norse and East Norse. Most Norwegian dialects also have it, or had it.

A few remarks: -Belgian Dutch has a bilabial w (transcribed as [ β̞ ]) and a voiced v -Belgian Dutch distinguishes g and ch. -[ʋ] also occurs in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. I think it would be better to say that all Germanic languages have [v~ʋ] except for Dutch, Frisian and English.

@uriurw8630

Жыл бұрын

also, surinamese dutch straight up uses [w]

@boghund

Жыл бұрын

Where does [ʋ] occur in Swedish?

@goombacraft

Жыл бұрын

Cockney English has /ʋ/ as an allophone of

@micayahritchie7158

Жыл бұрын

@@uriurw8630 Surinamese dutch is heavily Sranan influenced no?

@uriurw8630

Жыл бұрын

@@micayahritchie7158 not from mu experience with it, my dutch tutor was from suriname and she was native Dutch and Sranan and English (cool), the way people speak there at least pronunciation is maybe influenced by Sranan which in of itself is influenced from a few African languages i think. I asked her if there were any distinctive suriname words and she said that their accent was different but they had the same vocabulary and sometimes used words for foods and surinamse markets and sometimes they will use Sranan words for Dutch words they don't know if they're native sranan only.

As I am a native speaker of two of these Germanic languages and speak all the others (I speak German though, not Yiddish) I have to say that your pronunciation impresses, Icelandic and Swedish are very close to correct and your Danish is not bad though it is clearly the one you have the biggest problems with pronouncing correctly. Keep up the good work.

@deadsnooker7565

Жыл бұрын

His swedish sounds a bit too nasally but the actual sounds are still right even if exaggerated which is definitely very impressive

@walterwalters5443

Жыл бұрын

@@deadsnooker7565 yes, the Swedish is not very close to correct and would sound funny to any Swede especially someone not from the Stockholm region...

@deadsnooker7565

Жыл бұрын

@@walterwalters5443 specifically Lidingö hahaha

@David-we4mf

Жыл бұрын

his swedish somehow has the same accent as zlatan ibrahimowic which i found pretty funny

@andreaslaursen1799

Жыл бұрын

Absolutely correct.

Dude your pronunciation of the Swedish "fyra" at 6:42 was probably the most on-point I've ever heard by a non native speaker, because you kinda nail the the sound from the upper class Stockholm accent. Your pitch variation in two-syllable words sounds a bit off sometimes, but overall your Swedish is really good, keep it up!

@snowfloofcathug

Жыл бұрын

I originally thought that it sounded quite weird but reading your comment I realised that he kinda genuinely sounds like stereotypical Lidingö. More impressively done than I originally thought, just a weird dialect

@ArturoSubutex

Жыл бұрын

Wow. It sounded kinda Chinese to me. I didn't know Swedish had tones (kind of)

@meridesiree7940

Жыл бұрын

@@ArturoSubutex it's not tones, but pitch accent! There's a good video by Academia Cervena on the subject Edit: This video kzread.info/dash/bejne/noykmcGMmsrTY5c.html

@dan74695

Жыл бұрын

Det i-ljodet er veldugt merkelegt. Det finst i Meldal i Trøndelag og.

@dan74695

Жыл бұрын

@@ArturoSubutex Most Norwegian dialects, some Danish dialects, Ripuarian, Moselle Franconion(excluding Luxembourgish), and Limburgish have pitch accent as well.

Awesome video, but I felt like I had to watch it on 0.75 speed to process things. As someone who has a amateur interest (think non-academic) in linguistics, a decent chunk of this stuff was not new, but I still had trouble following along at your speaking speed, and I could not read the text without pausing constantly. Great, informative video, but I thought I'd drop my two cents about the pacing. I really did enjoy though.

@advance600

Жыл бұрын

Agreed. Fantastic content but too quick to digest properly.

@pappi8338

8 ай бұрын

Speed was fine. Watch it again if you have to

@RobertLock1978

8 ай бұрын

Glad you said something and it wasn't just me 😅 Yes, this guy's content is really good and he seems fairly knowledgeable, but probably should lay off the coffee before doing the video 😂

@BrettonFerguson

5 ай бұрын

I have the same trouble understanding German when people talk fast. But I don't think everybody in Germany should speak slow to cater to me. I sometimes get annoyed at videos in English when the person speak slow like they are high on Xanax.

@andihklee

5 күн бұрын

I’m a native english speaker and I had to watch this on 0.75x speed 😅

i love this channel so much, you and a few other similar channels that are also pretty small and new are really forming a new wave of youtube linguistics content and its really cool to see how willing you all are to assume people are smart enough to understand linguistics concepts as long as they're explained well. i am now most the way thru my degree (not linguistics but directly related and i got into it thru linguistics) and ppl like tom scott and xidnaf were my introduction to the whole thing years ago, but honestly these videos are better and more thorough and accurate than those were. its really cool to imagine the generation that will get into it thru these videos (and the similar ones also coming out recently) and hope to see u continue making videos and get more traction on here bc its baffling you only have as few subs as u do

@watchyourlanguage3870

Жыл бұрын

Thanks! I think you pretty much nailed my philosophy about teaching stuff as well, and I’m glad you see me as part of the “new wave”

@user-ze7sj4qy6q

Жыл бұрын

@@watchyourlanguage3870 yeah man definitely i mean i really hope you and the other small creators ive seen blow up enough for it to truly be a wave but i rlly see it going that way and u fit right in w them, love the videos keep it up bro

@kikeshi

Жыл бұрын

could you name a few others? I'm just discovering this nieche of youtube :)

@user-ze7sj4qy6q

Жыл бұрын

@@kikeshi off the top of my head the only one i can name in this new generation i was talkin abt it linglizard but i know there are more and when i see or remember more ill try to remember to come back n tell u, but some of the older ones that i think are really solid are langfocus and nativlang as well, polymathy is cool too but more focused on a few specific languages than linguistics or languages as a whole topic (tho it is all intertwined ofc). hope u enjoy :) if u like podcasts, theres also a Really good one called lexicon valley by john mcwhorter that has a huge backcatelogue of good informative interesting funny episodes, only problem (for me, some pll would see it as a good side and even i admit it adds character) is he just plays songs a lot esp broadway like a weird dj but its kinda nice inspite of and even bc of that. it was on slate, and he made a ton of episodes there and theyre worfh listening to. since then, he left slate and went to booksmart studios and continued making a show called lexicon valley, but it got way worse imo. also, slate made a new linguistics podcast called spectacular vernacular which actually is in the same feed as lexicon valley was so u now gotta scroll past those to get to lexicon valley, bc its also not nearly as good. i mean both of the shows being made now may also be for you, and have their value, but rheyre both not close to what it used to be imo. hope u enjoy that one too its really interesting

@kikeshi

Жыл бұрын

@@user-ze7sj4qy6q thanks so much!

"Ande" only barely mean "ghost" in Swedish. "Den helige ande" is the translation for the trinity's "the holy ghost", but "ande" most often mean "spirit" as in mind/soul as in "the spirit is willing..." or as in a supernatural being as in a disembodied soul or "genie" as in the bottled kind. We also have "anda", which is breath ("hålla andan" = "hold your breath") or spirit of the more zealy variety ("kämparanda" = "fighting spirit")

@_loss_

6 ай бұрын

Ghost and spirit are synonymous. In English, "Heliga anden" is "The holy ghost" as well as "The Holy Spirit". Also, what's the actual difference between a spirit and a ghost?

@Hwyadylaw

6 ай бұрын

@@_loss_ Swedes see it as ande = spirit, and spöke = ghost. Spöke (related to "spook") is strongly associated with malice, haunting, and the "floating white sheet" horror conceptualisation of a ghost. Ande on the other hand is more neutral and used in more serious contexts. An exorcist trying to scam you might prefer to say there's an "ande" in your house, to make it sound more legitimate.

@Raldios

6 ай бұрын

​@@_loss_connotation. It's gonna depend on each person and how they use it. Definition wise they are very similar.

your icelandic pronunciation was pretty good. one thing to note is that even though u and ö are transcribed with œ and ʏ they are central vowels

Im gonna start sharing all of these videos with people, I find your channel so fun and interesting

this channel is so good, as a person who studies biology but somehow ended up having interest in linguistics too (especially germanic and turkic) your videos are so useful learning something, as u could think i dont have much time to learn all of that stuff by reading, so watching you is a fun and nice shortcut to get the basic ideas. keep it up

Your energy and enthusiasm are possibly the best favor you do to the subject matter in my view. If I knew nothing about this I'd be intrigued simply on account of your descriptiveness and tempo.

As someone who studies English, German and Swedish, I've found this video very intriguing. You did a great job at summarising all the information into a short and entertaining video. I'm just hoping that we get a similar video about Slavic languages soon.

Just came across your channel. As someone mildy interested in languages you have my sub.

Very nice video! I always enjoy seeing historical linguistics stuff and this is quite comprehensive, if a little fast! :D

Please, slow down! it's not a speed race, or is it?

Thanks for this great video! One error I noticed: Low German dialects are North Sea Germanic (not Weser-Rhine Germanic) and also underwent the nasal-spirant law e.g. Goos (goose), fief (five). Also, Low German verbs have a dental suffix in the plural of verbs in present, just like Old English (in most dialects except those with more High German influence).

I just discovered this channel today because of youtube suggestions and I really love your videos! I like the way you explain and your pronunciation of the words! Not gonna lie, I kinda hope you make a video about Slavic languages or the Indian languages one day

1:40 Small correction, as a Low-German Native Speaker, this language is Ingvaeonic (North Sea Germanic). It derived from Old-Saxon, and western dialects are still called Low-Saxon to this day.

12:09 To nitpick a bit: In the North Germanic languages the word for chicken has a diminutive suffix, so the Proto-Germanic form for them would be *keukilīngaz (or *kukkilīngaz) The the Icelandic /u/ is completely off here. It's hard to tell, but /kl/ sounds like it turned into a [ç]. And finally, the /ʏ/ should be reduced a bit so that it's more central and shorter.

dude how don't you have more subs?? your future american video got recommended to me yesterday and i was instantly hooked, these videos are great

Hi there, love the video. I grew up speaking Dutch, Frisian and Hylpers which is close to old Frisian. Its really interesting to see what's most similar to my mother tongue (Hylpers).

My man just summarized a playlist-worth of Simon Roper videos in 17 minutes. Respect. (No shade at Simon. Love his videos. )

@watchyourlanguage3870

7 ай бұрын

Me too

11:42 I'm with the Chinese on this one. I was way past school when I first heard that "d"/"t" or "b"/"p" are NOT just differenciated by the amount of aspiration. I'm sure that's not just an issue of my dialect. I speak native Swiss German and Standard German since first grade, and I can hardly tell the difference between voiced and unvoiced "s" sounds - English teacher had to show us how to make a "z" by making us hum.

People stereotype German as the harsh language. Meanwhile Dutch Gs, which appear at least twice in every word: CHHRRRRRRRR

@ikbintom

Жыл бұрын

Normal Dutch G is just as hard as ch in German "ach", I think he exaggerates to ridicule Dutch a bit :\

@Alias_Anybody

Жыл бұрын

@@ikbintom That would actually be a soft Ch. German has multiple different ones.

@dagmarvandoren9364

2 ай бұрын

Because we lost t he wars....the propaganda was so intense. Until today..we lost look at hollywood the oscars. Bedt foreingn films? A nazi movie. It never stops.....i leved it...german is beautiful....rest on peace. I love also french and russian. So much to learn....now you know why.....you always hear. HARSH....and it came a lot from rhe dear cousins....they do this so.well

Many Norwegian dialects also differentiate words coming from w- and hw- And Norwegian has changed sk- in front of for example i into (usually) sh

@croucha1r237

Жыл бұрын

He barely mentioned Norway in the video. Maybe because we basically use the same words as swedish some places, Danish some places and icelandic minus ur some places

@se6369

Жыл бұрын

@@croucha1r237 I only commented on the times he implied something wrong by saying only these languages have this or that or similar. If I remember correctly

@benhetland576

Жыл бұрын

@@croucha1r237 I think he mentioned initially that not all Germanic branches were equally familiar to him or investigated by him. Norwegian was not among the prime ones.

Very detailed and informed video. And cool to see Yiddish included in a video like this!

So on my gaming channel I promised to provide more detail on where my native language, Faroese, fits in with these sound changes... only to promptly forget about the video so with many apologies here several months later are my comments: Voiced plosives: Like everywhere else except German, the b becomes v intervocalically and finally so have is at hava at to give is at geva. Note that unlike Icelandic we actually spell this v as a v and not as f. However, we completely lost the other two voiced fricatives. In places where this would result in a hiatus we where applicable insert a glide, the exact glide depends first on the preceding vowel and if that is ambiguous (i.e. not being high) we look at the following vowel. So the word dagur: the nominative form dagur is pronounced ['tɛa:vʊɹ] glide because the preceding vowel is non-high and thus the following vowel determines the value; the accusative form dag has no such glide and is simply [tɛa:]; and finally the dative form degi is pronounced [te:jɪ] because the non-high [ɪ] is interpreted as an [i]. Nasals liquids and trills: all remain, except [w] > [v] (as mention) but also [r] > [ɹ] (also as mentioned). The Faroese version of "skarre-r" was around for a while but died out shortly there after. There used to be 'oss' in Faroese pronounced like the Swedish but it's archaic today; this is because Faroese and Icelandic got rid of the old plural and instead use the old dual for the new modern plural, which is why "us" is okkum and okkur respectively. As for mouth: It's actually a bad example for Faroese as it is influenced by the -nnr > -ðr soundchange in Old Norse, so the more common nominative form is muður but all the other forms have munn- as the root: muður - munn - munni - muns etc., however muður can also have munnur as its nominative form. Examples of other nouns with the same sound change and which may have both nominative forms: brunnur/bruður (well), drunnur/druður (Gaelic loan word(!)), maður (mannur is just wrong), grunnur/gruður, lunnur/luður, and runnur/ruður. Some are rare with the -ður form since as all the other forms have nn, analogy wants the ð forms to become nn forms too. Anyway, munnur and muður are pronounced ['mʊn:ʊɹ] and ['mu:ʊɹ] (generally no glide here). Water is vatn and is pronounced [vaʰtn]. Red is reyður: ['ɹɛi:jʊɹ] although it also kinda sounds like ['ɹɛj:ʊɹ] to me at times. Initial hl-, hr-, and hn- have all be lost in Faroese but hv- merged with kv- but still spelled as hv, white is hvítur and pronounced ['kvʊi:tʊɹ]. We still have voiceless nasals and liquids but I'll get back to these later. Your comment about Icelandic hn being a separate develop is kinda true and kinda not, it's just that Icelandic merged kn- and hn- in most cases (yet still kept it in words like knattspyrna (football)). Faroese: ringur ['ɹɪŋkʊɹ], lurta ['lʊɻ̊ʈa]. You didn't mention hj, in Faroese it either merges with j [j] or kj [tʃʰ], the exact rule for when each is used always escapes me however but it _may_ have to do with the voicedness of the following consonant. Icelandic f doesn't just become [p] before nasals like in höfn [hœpn] but also before [l] so the main airport in Iceland is in Ke[p]lavík, but OK this is ( Four is fýra ['fʊi:ɹa]. To sing is at syngja ['sɪɲtʃa]. Why ? Because in Old West Norse -ingw- the w rounded the /i/ to /y/. Danish synge is a later development from older Danish sjunge where the ju simply merges into y. The cognate of choose is kjósa ['tʃʰɔu:sa]. The cognate of think is tekkja [tʰɛʰtʃ:a] while we also have teinkja ['tʰɔɲ̊tʃa]. Feather = fjøður [fjø:vʊɹ]. Thou in Faroese is tú [tʰʉu:], so no t > d weakening here. The Faroese word for night is nátt [nɔʰt:]. Tooth: tonn [tʰɔn:]. As mentioned before, Faroese loses voiced fricatives completely, so the adjectivial suffix -ig is simply pronounced [i], although in lemma form we'd of course use the masculine for which is -igur [i(:)jʊɹ]. However, before n it's kept but like in Icelandic becomes a stop, so -ing: [ɪŋk]. Which leads to that Icelandic and Danish chain shift and yes, it also happened in Faroese for stops and affricates, so initial b d g dj gj [p t k tʲ tʃ] contrast with initial p t k tj kj [pʰ tʰ kʰ tʲʰ tʃʰ] but do note that the vast majority of Faroese speakers merge dj and tj with gj and kj respectively. I'm only separating them for completion's sake. So goose: gás [kɔɑ:s] and cold: kaldur [kʰaltʊɹ]. Faroese has also palatalised *k and *g before short high and central front vowels. It happened later than in English and like in English only unrounded vowels trigger palatalisation, so only /e i/. Of course adjacent to a j they also palatalise so kjúklingur is pronounced [tʃʰʉu:klɪŋkʊɹ]. The Faroese word for knee is knæ [knɛa:], no disappearing initial k- here. So like k and g, sk is also palatalised before short high and central front unrounded vowels, so like in English and German, this is pronounced [ʃ] in these positions. Therefore, skína is a bad example for this as it's still just ['skʊi:na], however a good example is the word for ship which is skip: [ʃi:p], yes, Faroese skip is pronounced like English sheep, I know. Mouse in singuar and plural in Faroese is: mús [mʉu:s] and mýs [mʊi:s]. Green is grønur [krø:nʊɹ] (yes, /ɹ/ has many allophones). Like German, Dutch, and English, Faroese also had its Great Vowel Shift. In short, short vowels lengthened and long vowel diphthongised. You've already seen many of these examples in the examples I have mentioned here. The possessive pronoun my/mine is thus mín [mʊi:n] in Faroese. A sound change that developed in Faroese and Icelandic is preaspiration. Preaspiration also exists in some (if not all) Sami languages as well as in Scottish Gaelic. It's uncertain where this feature originated; it could've been borrowed from one family to the next or it could be an areal feature. It's possible that ScG got it from Old Norse, which itself may have gotten it from Sami but don't quote me on that. Anyway, I'll explain Faroese preaspiration. Notice how the "voiceless" stops and fricatives in Faroese have postaspiration word initially? Well, intervocalically they shift from being postaspirated to preaspirated: [ʰp ʰt ʰk ʰtʲ ʰtʃ]. They do however lose their preaspiration if the preceding vowel is a high vowel or the diphthong ends in a high vowel, so this applies to [i: u: ai: ɛi: ɔi: ʊi: ɔu:]. However, if the stop/affricate is geminated: [ʰp: ʰt: ʰk: ʰtʲ: ʰtʃ:] then the preaspiration is never lost but this is also another feature of Faroese where vowels have different pronunciations depending on the number of or the length/gemination of the consonants that follow. Note that especially for the ungeminated preaspirated stops there are dialectical differences in Faroese, the dialect of the capital Tórshavn (or Havn for short) does not have these ungeminated preaspirated stop and just pronounced them as regular stops. A final pretty unique feature of Faroese is the so-called skerping. I sometimes call it Holtzmann's Law 2.0 as it pertains to how after high vowels or high diphthongs (same meaning as above), the cluster -ggj- is added after front vowels/diphthongs and -gv- after back vowels/diphthongs. I compare it to Holtzmann's Law because where Holtzmann's Law describes the difference between Faroese egg and German Ei, skerping describes the difference between Old Norse ey and Faroese oyggj. There are many such words in Faroese so you will come across it almost immediately. It's not fully fleshed out, however, and there are archaicsms that existed but don't any more. For instance, the preposition in, the word for no, and the other word for yes (the positive reply to a negative question) are in modern Faroese í, nei, and jú. In older Faroese, we find íggj, neiggj, and júgv. I hope that was it. Sorry if it's not that well ordered but I was following your video.

@weepingscorpion8739

6 күн бұрын

Great job!

I am blown away by the fact how many different R sounds you can make :D

This channel is gonna blow up!! Great, consistent content

@ghenulo

7 ай бұрын

I'd hate to see it explode. Every channel has the right to exist, without terrorism.

@maxzytaruk8558

7 ай бұрын

@@ghenulo Hahahahah peak sense of humor ;)

Well done! Very interesting and clearly presented!

8:12 The German word is Haupt (which also fits the rule). 8:28 The German word is lachen, like in Dutch 12:14 The same happens in Southwest German dialects, especially in Alemannic dialects, as they are spoken in Switzerland.

Really enjoyed this! As an English speaker who has been studying Swedish and Yiddish and a little bit of German, this was really helpful in understanding certain similarities and differences.

@ghenulo

7 ай бұрын

It makes me wonder why one would study Yiddish instead of just studying Standard German, which at least uses the Latin alphabet and thus has a much lower learning curve.

@jonahs92

6 ай бұрын

​@@ghenuloNot if you're Jewish and can already read Hebrew/Aramaic 😉

I second the comment about slowing down the pace at which you speak. Very interesting stuff but presentation is important if you want your channel to grow. I’m glad I found you via the algorithm tho!

@tonyf9984

Жыл бұрын

He's obviously an academic but not an intuitive teacher. Doesn't seem able to empathise with the viewer/learner at all.

this channel is so good

Wow, this is amazing, thanks! You do cover so much, so quickly that, to be honest, not only do I pause your videos a lot; I also slow them to 50-75% to avoid BMS (Blown Mind Syndrome). Brilliant stuff, cheers!

Excellent content, I love stuff like this. Can I advise to take your time presenting the information, let the viewer absorbe what it is that you're saying. It felt full of passion and full of speed as a result!

@robertlock5501

Жыл бұрын

Well said. It was hard to digest what he was saying before he was on to the next thing.

I am an German nativ speaker and I had to google the word kiesen which you mentioned at the time 7:08, because I never heard of this word. Nowadays we would never use this word to express the word choose. The modern word would be wählen. Kiesen was used in middle high german. I've learned something new. Thanks a lot ;)

@mizapf

Ай бұрын

Today, the only form of kiesen that is left is the past participle of erkiesen: "erkoren". No "normal" German speaker has ever heard about the infinitive of "erkoren". I found it in a dictionary and first thought it was an error.

really great video, hope to see more👍

Fantastic, super well explained and comprehensive! Would you consider doing something expanding on North Germanic tonogenesis in the future, or perhaps just tonogenesis in general? For instance potential phonological parallels between the development of pitch accent/stød in Scandinavian and the tones of actual tonal languages like Mandarin?

@simontollin2004

Жыл бұрын

I would speculate that pitch accent is an ancestral trait in all indo european languages that only a few have preserved into modern times, its present in swedish, norwigian, serbian, punjabi and sanskrit for example

@dirtyyy7668

Жыл бұрын

@@simontollin2004 I think Punjabi got its tones from losing the breathy voiced consonants, it didn't evolve directly from Sanskrit tones.

Tonality/pitch contour are so funny, every time u said a swedish word i thought you were speaking some southeast asian languages

@livedandletdie

Жыл бұрын

I mean, look up some Swedish songs, you'll be amazed, at how comparatively weird they sound compared to most other European songs... kzread.info/dash/bejne/iYV6ztdtfMLPcbg.html Sweden's national song, sung by Jonna Jinton... shows how the so called pitchless accent sounds, type0 pitch. kzread.info/dash/bejne/lqlqk86nqKizfKQ.html a regular song from southern Sweden, sung by Hasse Andersson, shows the oldest pitch accent, type 1a. I speak this one. kzread.info/dash/bejne/dWiqyrapdKe-ocY.html a song from Stockholm area, sung by Robert Broberg, shows the Stockholm area pitch accent type 2a. And if I didn't speak Swedish, I wouldn't believe these songs were from the same nation...

Amazing video. Thanks for the extensive information as I have been interested in how English and other west germanic languages have changed over time.

Great work! A complete seminar hour at the university level in 17 minutes and free of charge. Thank you very much! 🎉

As a German and English speaker, you did pretty good on German pronunciation for someone who doesn't speak the language, although a couple things (like äu) could definitely be improved

[β] did not become labiodental [v] until after the dialects of West Germanic had already formed. In German it is bilabial to this day, but now a plosive [b]. Old Saxon sometimes used the letter . There are also very early examples of Old English writing with the letter that would later be found with . This shows that PG /b/ was still bilabial in those positions.

As an English and Spanish speaker, I love comparing how the Romance languages and Germanic languages have changed over time!! I had no idea how similar the German languages are!

@literalgarbage8014

7 ай бұрын

Whilst the Germanic languages are similar in many regards, I'd still claim that sincs he used words specifically for comparison in this video, it made it so that the languages looked more alike in opposed to a normal sentence whereas the gramatical structure is completely different, and whereas there are suddenly words that are completely different (Hence is why they weren't used for linguistic comparison in a video discussing similarities)

How many languages do you speak? I count at least 11 (six mentioned here, plus Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, Spanish, and French). That's wild. How many hours a day do you spend studying?

@watchyourlanguage3870

Жыл бұрын

The number now is 17, but I don’t by any means consider myself “fluent” in all of those- only like 4 of them. I don’t know “hours” necessarily- I just memorize stuff and do translation practice between other tasks in my life (like on the bus, for example). It varies day to day

@goodusername7037

Жыл бұрын

@@watchyourlanguage3870 you ever thought about learning Mandarin

@finite1731

Жыл бұрын

@@watchyourlanguage3870 how do alow youself to fall onto language learning

@helanren

Жыл бұрын

Haha, my first reaction to hearing "...but I wanted to wait until I knew a few more languages of the group before making the video..." was "well, that's different!". Most Americans I'm familiar with will (either proudly or apologetically) tell you they only speak English. Of course, here in the Netherlands we only have a 2-3 hour trip to get to a place where the locals speak English, German or French, so I guess we have more if an incentive to learn foreign languages than, say, someone born in Nebraska.... :-). Anyway, nice if very speedy video, and your Dutch pronunciation is definitely not too bad!

@Fenditokesdialect

Жыл бұрын

@@watchyourlanguage3870 11:32 a little note here about aspiration, in Northern traditional English dialects and Scots there's no aspiration either like in Dutch. I also heard that Swiss German often doesn't have aspiration natively but does borrow aspiration over in loanwords from standard German

As for 4:26, a common alternative in Dutch (also used in standard language) is the bilabial consonant [β]. This sound can fully replace the [ʋ] in standard pronunciation and will generally be used after certain vowels (at least "u"). In certain dialects, I could hear the [w] being used (e.g. along the Hollandic coast). It's clearly noticeable in speech and I think it has mostly died out through standardization (so unlike [β], it did not enter the standard).

@miewwcubing2570

Жыл бұрын

Yeyeye my grandma has the [β] in her accent

@CouldBeMathijs

11 ай бұрын

Ik vond het grappig dat de helft van de veranderingen die hij voor Nederlands gaf, niet voor Vlaams (zelfs de standaardtaal, niet enkel bij tussentaal en dialecten), en ook niet voor sommige Zuid-Nederlandse dialecten gelden... Of gewoon anders zijn. De zachte g is een goed voorbeeld, maar ook de w in water en nog vele anderen. Echt bijna een andere taal eigenlijk.

@kimashitawa8113

9 ай бұрын

​@@CouldBeMathijs Yeah this man has probably only seen people from Amsterdam talk Dutch.

it would be raelly cool if you could make a similar video about germanic languages but this time regarding grammar. How much of the grammar remained in the modern germanic languages. You could mention languages like Icelandic, Faroese, Elfdalian which retain a lot of old germanic grammatical forms like the consonant cluster hl-. Or the cases, or subjunctive mood etc. You're really great at explaining! :D

@watchyourlanguage3870

10 ай бұрын

Lmao wait about one more week 😉 thanks!

The German verb "kiesen" for "to choose" is old fashioned / out dated and not understood by many Germans nowadays. However, speaking Dutch and German I could recognize the word "kiezen". Great video. Subscribed your channel and look forward to watching more of your videos.

@normalman4762

8 ай бұрын

i know kiesen from the consturction industry as a term to coverstuff in gravel

@MonkeyDLuffy-gd6se

6 ай бұрын

@@Schwainermitai but its easier for us dutchies because we say kiezen

6:41 For dutch this heavily depends on the dialect I'd say. For example, spoken with a typical Amsterdam accent you wouldn't hear the difference between "vier" and "fier" (proud), although in a lot (if not most) dialects you can actually hear a difference, although in the Netherlands often subtle (but in Belgium very clear).

@MonkeyDLuffy-gd6se

6 ай бұрын

in amsterdam gebruiken we fier niet, we gebruiken wel trots. we gebruiken echter wel vieren in de zin van verjaardag vieren

The sk shift to sh happened in Norwegian too! Not like the swedish one, but like the West-Germanic languages. Alot of sk- words in Norwegian is pronounced with an sh- sound like in English. Even tho they are still written with sk- For example your word "shine" is in Norwegian: Skinne, pronounced shinne I know you didn't study it, but thought I would mention it as it DID actually change in Norwegian.

I'm Norwegian, but quite fluent in Danish and Swedish as well, in addition to knowing a wee bit of German and Iceland and this was interesting. You forgot Faeroese, though ;)

I have but one piece of criticism I humbly tell you WyL. Could you slow down the pacing on your videos a little. Personally I like to read and assimilate everything you have on the screen, but it changes too quickly. I keep having to rewind to finish reading. Muchas gracias por tus videos de muy buena calidad bro

@thunder_birdfps8294

Жыл бұрын

yotambie'n! el video va muy rapido, lo fastidio (lo siento para mi Espan~a I am too lazy and I don't have a spanish keyboard :/ I was also just excited to practice my spanish jaja)

@thunder_birdfps8294

Жыл бұрын

wait *me fastidia

@kratsatlu

Жыл бұрын

I agree, I was barely able to really even perceive what was being said, much less digest anything before you were on to the next things. I’d love to hear more examples and maybe even repeated sound clips.

@danieljohn4014

Жыл бұрын

just watch in 0.75x

@wendymueller8151

Жыл бұрын

Couldn't agree more! It is so interesting, but so hard to follow because of the speed at which he is talking.

This is the first video I'm seeing of your channel, so idk if you covered it before, but it would be interesting to examine East Germanic languages & West Germanic dialects (or languages) that used to exist in the east before the ethnic cleansings during & after WW2 (and some which maybe survived despite the odds).

fascinating, great work :))

I'm so happy you transscribe Dutch words without the final 'n', so many people still insist on transscribing words like 'denken' as ['deŋkən], when the 'n' at the end of Dutch words has been silent for many many decades.

@iljaack

4 күн бұрын

I was confused why he was dropping the final ‘n’ so often throughout the video and your comment made me realise he just learned the Dutch Dutch. In Belgian Dutch that final n is still very much pronounced.

@buurmeisje

4 күн бұрын

@@iljaack I feel like this is happening in Flanders as well, maybe on a lesser scale, though I've heard plenty of Flemish speakers who also drop the n

9:05 some other examples of verners law alterations include lost/forlorn (german verloren), kiesen/auserkoren (archaic German verb meaning choose), as well in some place names - for example, the Weser River in germany which is called the Werre upstream.

Something I feel is worth mentioning is that Yiddish split off more during middle high german than old high german.

Insanely good! Will be nagging my friends to watch your videos.

Clicked on this video hoping I would learn something... but I feel like I'll have to watch it like 5 more times for anything to stick xD

So three notes on Swedish pronunciation. Consonants following a short vowel in a stressed syllable will be geminated even if they are in a consonant cluster, so it is /lanːd/, not /land/ The sje-sound /ɧ/ is not really a "voiceless postalveolovelar fricative". I've straight up got no idea why the IPA would ever call it that, or even include the symbol for that matter. The sje-sound is a sound with two main allophones tho, a postalveolar (or retroflex) one and a velar one. So it's not postalveolar and velar simultaneously, but complimentary. I'd transcribe the velar allophone as [xʷ] and the retroflex as [ʂ]. There is three main ways these are distributed tho. In some dialects, it's velar everywhere, while in other it's retroflex everywhere. The standard seems to be to use the velar one at the start of stressed syllables and the retroflex elsewhere. So yeah, don't even try to do a "voiceless postaveolovelar fricative" because it's wrong and absurd. As for pitch accent, I don't quite agree with your explanation. There's two pitch accents and these pitch accents fall on sequences of one stressed syllable and at least one unstressed syllable. In Standard Swedish, tone 1 has one peak and it falls on the first syllable, while tone 2 has two peaks; they fall on the stressed syllable and the following syllable. I don't think it's very useful to think of the pitch accent as consisting of low and high syllables because that's just not what's happening. The pitch of the pitch accent is more complicated than that, and syllables themselves don't have a flat pitch contour. I find the explanation of tone 1 as singlepeaked and tone 2 as doublepeaked to be a whole lot clearer and more accurate, but here we must be aware that this isn't true in all dialects. Oh, and you also seemed to for some reason transcribeda short (unstressed) e three different ways: /ə/, /e/, and /ɛ/ standard would be /ɛ/. And your transcription of the pitch accent is... novel to say the least, and I think I've already explained why I don't think that's realiy an accurate way to think about pitch accent (and also shouldn't it be /ˈánːdɛn/ and /ˈánːdɛ́n/ then?). I typically transcribe these simply as /¹anːdɛn/ and /²anːdɛn/ but /ǎnːdɛn/ and /ânːdɛn/ seems more traditional. In my dialect it'd transcribe this explicitly as /anː˧˥dɛn˥˩/ and /anː˥˨dɛn˦˩/. In general tho, great video!

9:41 English give is actually a North Germanic loan, *g stayed a fricative word-initially in Old English and turned into /j/ before front vowels

@oliviaaaaaah1002

Жыл бұрын

Yeah I think treating English as an "oops jk" language for velar frication is a mischaracterisation, because a very large chunk of would-be /g/ turns into /j/ like you say (hence OE gear, dæg > PDE year, day) or zero (burg > borough, ge- > Ø). Though calling giefan >> give a Norse _loan_ feels a bit weird in the terminology, when it's more like influence or interference from Norsified post-Danelaw Northern English dialects than a proper lexical borrowing. /g/ isn't properly established (at least based on orthographic evidence) until a good two centuries after Old Norse stops being spoken in England, while Midland/Southern writers like Chaucer still maintain ⟨y⟩ spellings into the 1400s.

Great and comprehensive work! Almost makes me want to finish my last semester I need to graduate at uni, *almost*.

Excellent video.

Great presentation! Around 12:35 you start digging into the palatalization effect before (high) front vowels. However, among the North Germanic languages, Swedish is not alone in doing that, and in most modern Norwegian dialects it happened too. It must have happened, as you mentioned, later than in West Germanic, but it did happen! One interesting observation related to this is that English did borrow a few words from Norse or Norwegian which start with sk+front vowel, for example "sky" and "ski". Both of those are spelled the same but now pronounced with an /sh/ sound in Norwegian, like in their cognate inherited words in English. Norwegian "ski" = the English word "shide"; a stick of wood, besides the now more commonly used meaning of something useful on top of snow. (The bonus in English is that it gets two words to keep the two meanings apart.) From their pronunciation in English we can assume that they must have been borrowed at a time _after_ the /sk/ > /sh/ rule had done its work, because the rule didn't affect these words. Presumably they reflect the source language's pronunciation at the time of borrowing as well, which means that a similar transition rule had not (yet) had its effect in that language. It therefore must have happened later than at least in English. One can also compare the word "shin" (as in shinbone) which has the same meaning and same pronunciation as the modern Norwegian word "skinn". In Norwegian, however, the word also means "skin" or "hide", which thus reveals the origin of the word "skin" in English.

@cognomen9142

9 ай бұрын

Obviously, "ski" is a very recent loan in English, based on written Norwegian rather than spoken (would give "shee" or something similar). This is what I found: "It was first used in 1921 in English by British writer and mountaineer Sir Arnold Lunn (1888-1974) in a hyphenated form “ski-ing.” With time, the hyphen disappeared, which is why “skiing” in English first principally connoted the alpine variety." (From "Skiing, an English word of Norwegian heritage" by M. Michael Brady.)

@robinrehlinghaus1944

8 күн бұрын

Isn't shin realted to German Schenkel?

@benhetland576

8 күн бұрын

@@robinrehlinghaus1944 It certainly is, but as it appears names of body parts also tend to "move around" as time passes. (Compare Latin "boccum" = cheek with Spanish "boca" = mouth.) It is interesting to read the etymology of Schenkel on Wiktionary! As it appears the modern English equivalent is "shank", described as the lower part of the leg. Incidentally that lower part is now what we call "legg" in Norwegian! The shin I suppose is more referring to the _front_ section of the shank, where it really hurts if you hit something hard!

@robinrehlinghaus1944

8 күн бұрын

@@benhetland576I love the feeling of how palpably all is related when one studies these things

I'm sitting here eating this video up at 1x speed, and then I realized how fast you were talking, haha. When nerd minds meet... If you know the IPA and anything about historical linguistics, this is super easy to digest, but I can't send it to a friend for fear of their eyes glazing over. Love the video.

Yeah also a very large part of Dutch doesn't devoice g, v, z and doesn't make coda-r an approximant. I feel a bit like he chose a weirdly unconservative accent of Dutch just to troll us. Pronouncing intervocalic v (his geven example) as f does exist in some regions of the two Holland provinces, but it is rare and a bit frowned upon. I'm not from Belgium but I do voice all of those. It it true that those sounds devoice in coda position and also when preceded by voiceless stops, so it maybe just sounds to him like they're usually voiceless... (so [ɣevə] but [ɪk xef], note both g and v are voiced in the infinitive but both devoice in "ik geef")

@XTSonic

Жыл бұрын

I hate that in my accent, in Genk, we assimilate backwards. That means ik geef becomes more like "ig çef" than "ik xef". Also invalidates "t fokschip" and makes the DT rule very arbitrary as the -de ending voices the preceding "f k s ch p" instead. die lagde me uit, hij pazde de bal, ze schavde de af. Etc.

Great video! Really interesting and well explained. Could you do a video about the Turkic languages?

As a German, regarding the changes alluded to with the examples of *-igaz and *-ingo, I would like to add that there is actually a fair bit of variation in how these are now being pronounced. While the shift you described is generally pretty common, some speakers, especially in Bavarian dialects, do pronounce final /ig/ as written with /g/, while others say it with a final devoicing to /k/. Yet others, at least in my impression, tend to say it with something closer to /​ʝ/ at the end, and it's pretty frequent in some dialects to pronounce /ig/ somewhere between /​ʝ/ and /j/ between vowels. Interestingly, there's also a hypercorrection, semi-common in varieties in the general area of the lower Rhineland and Ruhr region, to pronounce some words with a suffix descended from earlier -lîch (the one that became -ly or -like in English), like hässlich (hateable/ugly), as if ending in /ik/. This is further complicated by some speakers pronouncing a written -ich like /iʝ/ between vowels. While /ing/ is indeed pronounced with a simple [ŋ] at the end by many, there are also speakers who pronounce it closer to ​/ŋk/, with some even aspirating it pretty heavily, similar to Icelandic.

14:09 "Mäuse" in German is pronouced like "moize" and not "möüze". The way you pronounced it could be mistaken by a German for a very sexual word.

6:40 The way you pronounced fyra (Swedish for "four") sounds exactly like when swedes make fun of the accent of people who come from Stockholm lmao. It comes off as very pretentious.

Very interesting subject (my major in university). You do seem to be in hurry to catch a train though. I wouldn’t mind watching a 30 min video instead of a 20 min video and feel less stressed after watching it ;-)

Love it. You seem to know a lot about Germanic languages. Have you ever heard of Germanic substrate hypothesis? I would love to hear your thoughts on that... I would also like to hear your opinions on how much were the Germanic languages descended from PIE when opposed to how much were they affected by European Sprachbund. I literally cannot sleep at nicht because it bothers me so much. Love your channel.

Great resource to show people who don’t know anything about linguistics and ask what I do as a grad student

I love how accurate these IPA transcriptions are for the modern languages!

best language channel

Your Dutch seems to be heavily biased towards the Northern Netherlands. 'w' is probably one of these phonemes that is pronounced differently in every national regiolect of Dutch: labiodental [ʋ] in the Netherlands, bilabial [β̞] in Belgium and [w], as in English, in Suriname. 'v' remains voiced in most Dutch dialects, only the North of the Netherlands and Suriname devoice them The official standard pronunciation of 'g' is [γ] in Dutch, while 'ch' (as well as 'g' at the end of a word) is [x]. The pronunciation [χ] is a Northern Dutch phenomenon, which, although spreading in the Netherlands, is resented in Belgian and Southern Dutch. Suriname also devoices [γ] to [x] 'r' has a great variety of realisation depending on where you are [r] and [R] are the most common ones Also [u] had shifted to [y] in most Dutch dialects (and even some low german dialects) before the great vowel shift took place, with [y] then shifting to [oey], admittedly this might just have been a simplifaction on your part

@Kikkerv11

Жыл бұрын

The Dutch vowel shifts are simplified because the English ones are also simplified and it would make the video incredibly long. The trilled r [r] is very uncommon in Dutch. The most common ones are the tap, the uvular fricatives and the retroflex r. Otherwise I completely agree.

@XTSonic

Жыл бұрын

@@Kikkerv11 Also NL biased. Nobody uses the retroflex ever or even tap down south, but only a trill (alveolar or uvular) or uvular fricative in word endings.

The Swedish "sj" sound is pronounced quite different in different part of the country, where in the southern parts is more of your example, but in the north is more frontal, like English "sh".

Germanic sound shift speed run!

Old Saxon was also part of the Ingvaeonic group. For example, the example you gave in the video applies to modern Low German as well, giving us [u:s] [us] [ʊs], depending on which low german youre talking about. The palatalisation of /k/ did indeed only happen in Anglo-Frisian, though. Low German also preserved [w], at least regionally. edit: ive just noticed that another commenter has already pointed this out

@throwaway1270

Жыл бұрын

Low Saxon does slightly palatalize /k/ in words en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic

@Zeutomehr

Жыл бұрын

@@throwaway1270 oh, certainly but to a much, much lesser degree. most common example being church, which is Kirk in low german, but anytthing from tsjerke to schörk in frisian

@johannesschutz780

Жыл бұрын

I (German) know a dude who says /kʋ/ for the old lavio-velar. It blew my mind

@Zeutomehr

Жыл бұрын

@@johannesschutz780 so Quelle and Welle are homophonous?

@johannesschutz780

Жыл бұрын

@@Zeutomehr Oh excuse me, I should have specified that I meant pie. *gw. So he sais /kʋɛlə/ but /vɛlə/

Wow you know your stuff well man

i dont know why i didnt know about your channel sooner, i love your videos also question, have you ever thought about making a video on the baltic languages? (latvian and lithuanian?)

I am 37 and my mother is 67. We have never used or heard of kiesen or anyone using it. I had to google several dictionaries to find it. It is not in the usual leo or langenscheidt that one would use. We would say wählen or auswählen. It is so interesting to learn etymology.

There are some regions in Germany where the letter R is pronounced like it’s pronounced in English. Check „Westerwälder Platt“ or „Siegerländisch“ for instance.

If I remember right the loss/contraction of wh in english happened twice.. once earlier on it lost the w before an U sound (hence the H sound in who) and then later with the rest of them shifted to W.

'Kyse' in Danish today is mostly used to mean a certain type of hood, historically worn by women and today mostly worn by babies. I know Danish is super difficult for non-natives to pronounce, even for natives to be fair, but 'kyse' would be pronounced with a long first vowel sound as there is only one s. How you pronounced it sounded more similar to 'kysse' which means 'kissing'. I must say it's impressive that you do speak 6 germanic languages, and I applaud you for having learnt Danish as a non-native! Great video

@someopinion2846

Жыл бұрын

Da. 'kyse' "bonnet", but 'kyse' (obsolete) "frighten', org. "influence with magic", and it is actually (says Wiktionary) related to 'choose'.

@Aoderic

Жыл бұрын

@@someopinion2846 I wouldn't say kyse is obsolete, we use it occasionally. Usually as an adjective 'kyst'*, you can say it means something like frightened into submission, usually by a person, but could also be someone who has become apathetic due to life traumas. Example "hun virker lidt kyst" , "she seams a bit ----" *not to be confused with Kyst (Seashore) which is pronounced differently.

@someopinion2846

Жыл бұрын

@@Aoderic We live in Jutland, don't we?

@Aoderic

Жыл бұрын

@@someopinion2846 Southern Zealand actually, it's not only Jutland that have dialects.

I should point out that while in north germanic *Vnþ became *Vnn and *Vmf/Vnf became *Vmm (though it might've become V:f in some words), *Vns ALWAYS became *V:s, just as in north sea (ingvaeonic). The reason *uns doesn't show that, with old norse "oss", is because the PG word that gives us "oss" was actually "unsiz" (compare "okkr" from *unkiz, and "yðr" from *izwiz, with irregular z>ð). This resulted in *ósR and then *óss, and then shortened to "oss". Other examples, like how *gans (goose) became "gás" and *ansuz became "áss" (ss from sR) shows us however that the loss of *n lengthened the vowel, not the *s The cluster *Vht also didn't just lengthen the consonant, but ALSO the vowel, so *V:t: (hence icelandic "dóttir" and "nátt/nótt") Also, Icelandic hn DOES come from proto germanic hn, such as in "hneta/hnot" (nut), proto germanic *hnuts, or "hníga" from pg *hnīganą. It just also turned a lot of old norse kn into hn, but that was probably possible because old norse already HAD hn The voiceless fricatives *f and *þ didn't just stay unchanged either in north germanic, rather they stayed voiceless at the start of words and when by another voiceless sound or doubled, but otherwised voiced inside words (same happened in old english, but there it also happened with *s, and the new voiced *þ was distinct from old *ð cuz it had already changed into *d, hence death vs dead). Later the now voiced /v/, written "f" both in old norse and old english (whether from *f or from *b) changed into /b/ before /n/ and /l/ in Icelandic (so danish "havn", but icealndic "höfn" being pronounced "höbn"). Of course, with icelandic /b/ actually being voiceless, it lookes like "f" being pronounced as "p", but there were more steps between those sounds than the orthography might make you think

You should make a video explaining modern sound shifts in different English Accents

There are Danish dialects that have pitch accent, and there are dialects in Norway and Sweden that lack it. The dialects of Nordhordland and Överkalix lack pitch accent.

Great video I wish Scots had been mentioned, as it bridges some of the distance between English and the continental languages. Also, in Primary School in Scotland in the 90s I was taught to make a distinction between wh and w, I'm not sure if that's still the case Thanks for the enjoyable video

@erichamilton3373

Жыл бұрын

In the recent past, about 40 or 50 years ago, it was considered proper in the US also to make this distinction. I was often corrected when saying "what".

@auldfouter8661

8 ай бұрын

I think this is what is missing from this video. Perhaps he's just unaware of the Scots language and pronunciation. I hate that other English speakers don't differentiate between Wales and whales, witch and which , wile and while , Wye and why. Also he might be interested to know that gh is still a fricative in Scots with bocht for bought and dochter for daughter.

5:39 It didn't happen in Faroese, most Norwegian dialects or most Jutlandic dialects either. There are even some dialects in Sweden that didn't merge them.

9:39 The fact that in proto-germanic Ą sound existed This letter and sound is present in polish language up until this day.

Fantastic video! The Germanic languages certain do have complex and interesting history.

@Accentor100

Жыл бұрын

@@andrejuha164 Nothing about your reply makes any sense.

4:10 the symbol represents a Velar lateral approximant and thats not dark l, dark l is represented with so is not dark l. But despite that great video! I also find historical linguistics really interesting and its kinda sad that this community is so small so these types of videos are really great!

You have done a lot of work here, and all is very interesting. 💐As a Norwegian, I missed some peculiar stuff about how the western and eastern dialects differs in many aspects, and these changes occured a long time ago. And by the way: please slow down! I'm holding back subscription and likes until you do. 😉 Make it pedagogic, not a show of. 🙏

@tohaason

Жыл бұрын

I kind of like the concentrated, speed-up variant.. I simply press the space bar whenever there's something I have to read or digest, and press it again to continue. There are enough videos out there which spend an hour to give a fifteen-minutes presentation..

@mariiris1403

Жыл бұрын

@@tohaason I tried that myself, but it doesn't change the rhythm, and the non-pausing speech. And it's not nicer to the ear.

Oh, boy... I will need to rewatch this entire video to comment on what happened in Faroese, my native language. I might do that with my IRL profile though instead of my gaming profile. We'll see. Great job on this video.

@watchyourlanguage3870

Жыл бұрын

i would love to read that

The Swiss dialects didn't go through most of the Modern High German vowel shifts. House is "Huus", not "Haus". Time is "Ziit" not "Zeit", etc.. Also Middle High German dipthongs are preserved - ie, ue , etc.

One peculiarity of Faroese is that initial *þ- becomes h- instead of t- in some circumstances, usually in short unstressed words. That's how you end up with hósdagur (see ON þórsdagr, "Thursday"), hóast (< *þo at, "although"), hetta (ON þetta, "this"), har (ON þar, "there"), hesin (ON þessi, "this"), Hósvík (ON Þórsvík, placename).