#dystonia #dystonia-meaning #generalised-dystonia
Dystonia seen in a patient #cerebralpalsy
It refers to spontaneous, involuntary, sustained muscle contractions that force the
affected parts of the body into abnormal movements or postures.
It affects the extremities, neck, trunk, eyelids, face, or vocal cords.
It may be either constant or intermittent.
It can be generalised , segmental, focal, multifocal, or in a hemidistribution.
Dystonic movements are patterned, tending to recur in the same location, in contrast to the random and fleeting nature of chorea.
When the duration is very brief (less than 1 second), the movement may be referred to as a dystonic spasm.
When more sustained (several seconds), as a dystonic movement.
When prolonged (minutes to hours), movement results in a dystonic posture.
Generalised dystonia causes involuntary movements involving larger portions
of the body, often producing distorted postures of the limbs and trunk.
The muscles are often in a constant state of hypertonicity, and the muscular contractions may cause severe pain.
Causes :
Drug induced : levodopa & other dopaminergic drugs
Structural lesions of basal ganglia
Kernicterus
Parkinson’s disease
Wilson’s disease
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