Carbocation Stability - Hyperconjugation, Inductive Effect & Resonance Structures

This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into carbocation stability. It discusses hyperconjugation and the inductive effect of electron donating groups and electron withdrawing groups. It also discusses carbocation stability using resonance structures.
Stereochemistry R/S Configuration:
• Stereochemistry - R S ...
Optical Activity & Specific Rotation:
• Optical Activity - Spe...
SN1, SN2, E1, E2 Reaction Mechanisms:
• SN2 SN1 E1 E2 Reaction...
SN2 Reaction Mechanisms:
• SN2 Reaction Mechanisms
SN2 - Test Question:
• SN2 Reaction Mechanism...
_______________________________
SN1 Reaction Mechanisms:
• SN1 Reaction Mechanism
Carbanion Stability:
• Carbanion Stability
Protic Vs Aprotic Solvents:
• Polar Protic Solvents ...
E1 Ring Expansion:
• E1 Reaction Mechanism ...
E2 - Test Question:
• Zaitsev vs Hoffman's P...
________________________________
E2 Stereochemistry - Newman Projections:
• E2 Stereochemistry Wit...
SN1, SN2, E1, E2 - Practice Test:
• SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Reaction...
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem...
Organic Chemistry 1 Exam 2 Playlist:
bit.ly/3PKEApB
Full-Length Videos and Worksheets:
/ collections

Пікірлер: 116

  • @TheOrganicChemistryTutor
    @TheOrganicChemistryTutor Жыл бұрын

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  • @hainguyenthithanh7686
    @hainguyenthithanh76868 ай бұрын

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  • @killermouse01
    @killermouse012 жыл бұрын

    Hyperconjugation made literally no sense in class earlier, but watching you draw it out made it so plain and obvious I'm just like "oh...it's that simple....Lol"!

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  • @tpg9020
    @tpg90204 жыл бұрын

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  • @mranonymous_25
    @mranonymous_253 жыл бұрын

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    @user-bk7pw4zn9e2 ай бұрын

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    @kelvinkimaro53723 жыл бұрын

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    @ehtishamkhan41843 жыл бұрын

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    @nakulsindhwani18416 жыл бұрын

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  • @34cm34
    @34cm345 жыл бұрын

    In the last example, why can't the double bond on the oxygen transfer electrons to the single C-C bond, negating the carbocation and giving the O a + charge??

  • @asharibimran5645

    @asharibimran5645

    4 жыл бұрын

    Carbo cation is already present there and based upon there electronegativity difference oxygen atom will except e and will make carbon positive charge

  • @meeblings6

    @meeblings6

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@asharibimran5645 Why doesn't this happen in the resonance examples where nitrogen is within a ring structure?

  • @tuapukky9574

    @tuapukky9574

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@meeblings6 revise the order of inductive effect first

  • @rohanbarde5958

    @rohanbarde5958

    3 жыл бұрын

    Oxygen is more electronegative than Carbon. So π bond will not break towards carbon.

  • @dream-ui2gp

    @dream-ui2gp

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@meeblings6 In the structures containing nitrogen the electron deficient carbon is right next to N and there is a single bond between N and C so Nitrogen can donate lone pair to the carbon atom. But in the last structure the carbonation is not right next to oxygen and oxygen already has a double bond with C and if it were to further donate l.p a triple bond would be highly unstable. Even the carbon would have 5 bonds which would mean it has to break bond with another carbon. So the double bond breaks and electrons of the bond go to oxygen as it is more electronegative.

  • @nosir1479
    @nosir14792 жыл бұрын

    2:26 How would the inductive effect apply to a methyl group considering there are no R groups attached to the carbocation?

  • @ubiquitousgamer955

    @ubiquitousgamer955

    2 жыл бұрын

    methly group is electron donating group, moreover R groups doesn't matter as long as methyl group is attached to the +ve carbon, it will stabilize using inductive effect and hyperconjugation, compared to stability by hyperconjugation, stability due to inductive effect is negligible.

  • @perfectlord1574
    @perfectlord15744 жыл бұрын

    Thanks a lot.

  • @04-ayaanylkc1ipl2
    @04-ayaanylkc1ipl2 Жыл бұрын

    Why JG tho?

  • @how-about-no_56
    @how-about-no_5612 күн бұрын

    Hi, at 5:46 shouldn't 2 be less stable than 3 since 2 is antiaromatic, i.e. conjugation of 4 pi electrons?

  • @vaishnavs1603
    @vaishnavs160311 ай бұрын

    Goat

  • @shenjiebao2876
    @shenjiebao28764 жыл бұрын

    6:22 that ring has a resonance structure??how??if we pin every carbon could we get 6 resonance structure?

  • @saransh255

    @saransh255

    3 жыл бұрын

    The resonance is between that double bond shifting between 2 positions, it doesn't a a whole loop because the electron is loses to break the first double bond gets to the positively charged carbon right next to it, so there isn't much movement, and hence, the resonance is only between 2 spots

  • @mellissabeldjenna7960
    @mellissabeldjenna79605 ай бұрын

    Hi, just a question. For the last example, can't the right structure make a resonance structure that's more stable by donating the electrons in the double that's in between the "O" and the "C" to the bond to the left making the oxygen have a positive charge on it? And thus that would make it more stable?

  • @shubhada78

    @shubhada78

    4 ай бұрын

    That would happen in 2 steps, first the carbon attains -ve charge and then it passes it on (that's what you're trying to say? correct me if I'm wrong) But then the carbon would be unstable and it can't accept electrons to destabilise itself. So it won't happen that way Anyway thats what I think I may be wrong

  • @danahareb1852
    @danahareb18523 жыл бұрын

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  • @anthonygeorge5529
    @anthonygeorge552911 ай бұрын

    at about 10:30, why can't we draw a resonance structure where one of the bonds from the Carbon oxygen bonds moves to form a double bond between the two carbons. In this case, oxygen will have the positive charge and both carbons will be neutral. Will this just not happen due to Oxygen's high electronegativity and because oxygen will no longer have an octet?

  • @at-fn9ou
    @at-fn9ou3 жыл бұрын

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  • @rubaljoshi1575
    @rubaljoshi15754 жыл бұрын

    @3:56 how is the resonance structure possible? Since the OH has a double bond, it would mean that the Oxygen atom has 3 bonds which is not possible

  • @mizzi3136

    @mizzi3136

    4 жыл бұрын

    why is it not possible? the oxygen atom have 2 lone pairs, and OH are bonded with a single sigma bond

  • @plasmada263

    @plasmada263

    3 жыл бұрын

    If the oxygen atom aquires an unit positive charge it'll be able to form 3 bonds because it'll now have 3 half vacant p orbitals as it lost one elrctron from one of it's 2 lone pairs

  • @plasmada263

    @plasmada263

    3 жыл бұрын

    U can also understand it in terms of hybridization, initially in neutral stage the oxygen atom was sp3 hybridised now after acquiring a positive charge it's sp2 as it has formed a pi bond with that carbon atom which means the hybridised orbital which was initially holding the lone pair is now formed a pi bond with the carbon

  • @karlvalteroja4675

    @karlvalteroja4675

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@mizzi3136 I have been wondering if oxygen could, in theory, give 4 bonds, since it has 2 lone pairs? I think this would just be extremely unstable, but would it be possible?

  • @nicolaslandeourtecho5396
    @nicolaslandeourtecho5396 Жыл бұрын

    Resonance effect

  • @KarthikVlogz
    @KarthikVlogz10 ай бұрын

    3:43

  • @syedmuntazirhassannaqvi1885
    @syedmuntazirhassannaqvi18853 жыл бұрын

    Literally now i can die in peace.

  • @mohamadhanan5706
    @mohamadhanan57064 жыл бұрын

    In the last example, why can't pair of e of the O atom make a double bond with the + charge?! like the one at 3:55

  • @clarissarojas3980

    @clarissarojas3980

    3 жыл бұрын

    In the last example, the positive change is not on the carbon that is attached to the oxygen atom, so having the double bond there doesn’t affect that positive charge. He draws the resonance structure to show how the carbonyl group is an electron withdrawing group and forms another positively charged carbon, which further destabilizes the molecule

  • @lisaa23581

    @lisaa23581

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@clarissarojas3980 ty for the explanation

  • @pranavkhedekar6727
    @pranavkhedekar67274 жыл бұрын

    Can someone explain me, why at 2:05 the atomic orbitals will overlap?

  • @karamellfunnyla

    @karamellfunnyla

    4 жыл бұрын

    I think it's because of the position of the atomic orbitals. they're both the p-Orbitals, and they can overlap from side to side... ( I am sorry, English is not my mother language. I'm trying my best) :)

  • @rashmirashmi5234
    @rashmirashmi52348 ай бұрын

    Why carbocation has stability has 3°>2°>1° Where as carbo anion 1°>2°>3°

  • @rachit5762
    @rachit57623 жыл бұрын

    Carbocations is more stabilised due to: A.) INDUCTIVE EFFECT B.) HYPERCONJUGATION C.) INDUCTIVE AND MESOMERIC EFFECT D.) INDUCTIVE AND HYPERCONJUGATION EFFECT

  • @thelosttomato4020

    @thelosttomato4020

    2 жыл бұрын

    C) Resonance is stronger than both hyperconjugation and inductive effect.

  • @romeostonem6798
    @romeostonem67983 жыл бұрын

    how the hell does the ressoance effect make it better? the positive charge is still there its still has unstable its not doing anything to stabilize it just moving the positive charge to another atom in the samr molecule

  • @romeostonem6798

    @romeostonem6798

    3 жыл бұрын

    forget it its because the positive charge is shared around them

  • @shantharavi3489
    @shantharavi34894 жыл бұрын

    5:45 I agree that the last structure is more stable than the rest but I think the order of stability is wrong cuz the 2nd structure is aromatic and the 3rd structure is Anti aromatic so the 2nd structure has got to be more stable right?pls crct me if I'm wrong

  • @SaiKrishna-lb3uf

    @SaiKrishna-lb3uf

    3 жыл бұрын

    Second structure is not aromatic as it has sp3 carbon atom

  • @bobu5213
    @bobu52134 жыл бұрын

    How exactly do you define resonance?

  • @niedem

    @niedem

    4 жыл бұрын

    As far as my understanding goes, resonance is kind of the schrodingers cat of (organic) chemistry. This meaning, two resonant structures (such as the two benzene options) both exist at the same time. Instead of there being an equilibrium, both products don't actually exist seperately but the form the individual molecules take is in between the forms, and the drawn resonance structures are the two "ultimate" forms

  • @TheBigSnek

    @TheBigSnek

    3 жыл бұрын

    Resonance is basically you rolling around in bed trying to find the more comfortable position, and the resonance structure is basically all your positions represented as one (kinda overlapped)

  • @Hahahahahahahahasiu
    @Hahahahahahahahasiu4 жыл бұрын

    For 3:21 I agree that oxygen really have an higher electronegativity, but it's only an partial charged , while the adjacent carbon carry positive chaged ,can the oxgen really draw the electron density towards it-self ? positive charge should have an stronger charge attractions than the partial negative charge ,by means the electron density should draw to positive charged carbon🧐🧐🧐🧐

  • @mizzi3136

    @mizzi3136

    4 жыл бұрын

    partial charge is only used to tell which one is more electronegative than the others, while formal negative/ positive charge (as the carbocation that have positive charge) indicates gain or loss of electrons, and we know that oxygen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, so oxygen have the partial negative charge and carbon have the partial positive charge. carbocation is a carbon atom that loses electrons, so if we compare carbocation with oxygen, the oxygen is still having more electronegativity (partial negative charged) than carbocation (partial positive charged). so the oxygen atom there is more likely to pull electrons from the carbocation.

  • @SugaSugaa-sy6ef
    @SugaSugaa-sy6ef8 ай бұрын

    What is the mdp orbital??😢😢😢😢

  • @seemaramji387

    @seemaramji387

    7 ай бұрын

    empty p orbital

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    @harshitkumar11445 жыл бұрын

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    @TugginOnIt4 жыл бұрын

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    @bismahsadaqat4129

    Жыл бұрын

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    @manonflmatbakh6273 жыл бұрын

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  • @johnnydellalyan1516
    @johnnydellalyan15162 жыл бұрын

    Feel free to stop doing what you are doing! You're confusing as heck and always make things complicated by not thoroughyl explaining things like other people such as Khan!

  • @hansomekim1219
    @hansomekim1219 Жыл бұрын

    For the last example, this resonance structure would also work: snipboard.io/BelxDS.jpg So it's not clear which structure is more stable.

  • @spoorthysiddam4562

    @spoorthysiddam4562

    7 ай бұрын

    But then you'd have a positive charge on the atom that is more electronegative which is not stable

  • @leticiapereira3186
    @leticiapereira31864 жыл бұрын

    Thank you

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