A Wolf Mother correcting her puppies about respecting personal space.
The Mother only asks the first puppy with a snarl and growl because the puppy was only moving towards her with the intent to touch her, but didn't actually touch her.
The Mother TELLS the second puppy to respect her personal space because that puppy actually touched her with its tongue.
If you watch older and more dominant dogs teaching puppies or unbalanced dogs about personal space, you will see that in most cases an assertive sound or touch correction is only done when actual physical contact is made, no matter how subtle that contact is. What this means is you can walk right up to me to smell me to within 1 millimeter of touching me, but you can not touch me, not even a single hair on my body. I see my Chihuahua do this all the time, especially with puppies. They can be all around her smelling her, jumping excitedly, even doing play lunges towards her, and all she will do is look at them to warn them to respect her space. The second a puppy even touches one single hair on her tail or hind end, Stella will, in a fraction of a second like this Wolf Mother did, turn, bark, lunge and snap at or nip the puppy. A puppy only needs to be TOLD this a few times and they will never touch Stella again without her permission or acceptance.
How do you know you have a dog's permission or acceptance to touch them? They don't look at you with corrective eyes, body language and energy when you try. If you try to touch a dog, even your own dog, and as you reach out their whole body stiffens, their head stops all movement, their eyes are open full, and they are looking directly at you or out of the corner of their eye, they do NOT want you to touch them. Low level dominant dogs and insecure high level dominant dogs will usually bark and cower or move away, Betas will bark toward you and nip you if you continue to try to touch them. An Alpha will not bark. They already warned you with 'the look' and you ignored it, so they just bite you. A diplomatic Alpha, who in that moment is only protecting its personal space from a human or dog who is disrespecting it, will quickly bite you as snap and let go. An Apex Alpha will think you are correcting, challenging or threatening them and they will bite and hold on until you stop moving or die.
Apex Alphas are the only 'Aggressive and dangerous' dogs. They are fearless, have no conscience, fell no pain, and will fight to the death before they concede to anyone or any dog other than their Dog Mother. I have 30 dominant dogs right now and 8 of them are Apex Alphas. They are at peace with me and each other, except Peggy and Lotus, and they never challenge me because to them, I am their Dog Mother.
If an Apex Alpha sees you as their Alpha leader, they will challenge you to be the leader. They will never challenge their Mother to be the Mother.
Dogs who bark at, lunge at, snap at, mouth, nip or bite and let go are NOT aggressive. That is just how dogs communicate. They are all increasing intensities of assertive energy of the same message, stop doing what you are doing and look at me for direction and guidance. When a balanced dog corrects another dog, even with a bite, they leave no mark, puncture or injury. Even in a full on dominance challenge, what most consider a dog fight, their is usually not a mark on either dog.
Unbalanced dominant dogs cause injury, damage or intentional death when they correct or challenge because parenting doesn't come naturally to everyone and most people and dogs need to learn how to be parents. Humans learn this as children from our parents or guardians and puppies learn it from ONLY their Mother until they are 3 months old and then the other leaders and teachers of the pack after that. Most puppies are taken from their Mother before they are 12 weeks old so they don't get this education from her. The humans who own them do not teach them how to do corrections and challenges properly because the humans are not correcting or challenging their dominant puppy they way their Mother did, they do it the way they do it with a child.
By the time these unbalanced dominant puppies are 6 months old they are already extremely aggressive towards people and/dogs. All breeds, not just Pit Bulls. If the owners simply corrected and challenged their puppy the exact same way their Dog Mother did, they will be balanced 6 month old puppies who love people and other dogs. With that said, when you own a Beta or Alpha dominant dog and they are challenged or threatened without you there to deal with the situation, they will. Balanced, diplomatic, dominant dogs don't start trouble, but they will finish it. Defending yourself or your family is not aggression, it's defending yourself or your family from perceived aggression.
Be your dog's Dog Mother, even if your a guy.
Cheers ✌️