You have the annealing temperature limits backwards: too high means no binding and too low means unspecific binding. Also you have the reverse and forward primer backwards as well on your graphic.

*Why DNA synthesis occurs in the 5'-3' direction?* Since DNA polymerase requires a free 3' OH group for initiation of synthesis, it can synthesize in only one direction by extending the 3' end of the preexisting nucleotide chain. Hence, DNA polymerase moves along the template strand in a 3'-5' direction, and the daughter strand is formed in a 5'-3' direction.

thank u random human being on the internet for explaning this before my final genetics exam (second semester med student), i hope your charger works from all angles

@desalegnbelaytakele6267

2 жыл бұрын

how was the result of your exam then?

@kasahunfirew3592

Жыл бұрын

🔥❤️

From Spain I want to congratulate you for the wonderful videos that you do. Your explanations are simple and at the same time very complete. Thank you so much for your work

i could listen to you teach for hours on end. tremendously easy to understand.

Well-explained! I get a lot of benefits by watching this 20:34-minute video, I really appreciate it, thank you for sharing and looking forward to watching other videos from your channel :)

The best PCR explanation video I've seen so far. Good job girl.

Thanks a lot for your videos, they are very helpful, you have a special capacity to explain complex subjects in a simple way. Thank you.

Beautifully done! Very clear explanation

Thank you. This a clear and easy explanation. You have done a better job than my lecturers in medical school.

Outstanding overview! Well done!

Thank you for instruction on a complex scientific procedure and making it understandable for a new student.

This was explained really nicely.

Thank you!!! you made it really easy and simple!

ty for this informative and educational video Especially now it's important to know how this works.

well done !! very clear explanation.

It is a very interesting way to deliver knowledge. Much thanks

Thank you very much . i watched it from Bangladesh. this video is helpful for us.

Thank you so much for this video! This was so awesome and helpful!

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

6 жыл бұрын

Thank you for the nice comment :)

that was great to learn more about pcr thanks again

actually, the higher the temperature of the primer annealing the higher the specificity. This is why when doing a gradient PCR, we typically take the products from the highest annealing temperature, it is also a good way to test newly synthesized primers and save time :) The denaturation time and temperature often depends on the buffer composition and used polymerase (e.g. Kapa2G has 94 and Q5 of NEB has 98 recommended) though usually, it works anyways. I'm mentioning just in case, cool video!

Thank you so much for your clear, simple, and engaging explanation. From Montreal.

I just Love ur way of explanation mam....from india

wow, your explainassion is so easy. thank you

thank you, it is simple and helpful

Very beautiful explanation... Thank you very much

Thank you very much, I loved the explanation

Wow thank you very much you’re lifesaver

Thank you so much! I have a test and this video helped me a lot!!

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

7 жыл бұрын

I am glade to hear that :)

Thank you very much for this explanation ❤

Thanks for the amazing video Your explanation is so perfect I will follow your videos in the future Thx

Great explanation!

Very nice & clear presentation

Nicely explained. Thank you.

U explained it well.. great work..

Thank you .You are special

Thank you for very interesting and nice presentation of PCR. I will used to offer to my studenrs to see and to enjoy the news in the practise biochemistry. Wish you all the best and to show new methods and success in biochemistry. d-r Krusteva

Thank you!!! It's helpful for me!!!

Very well explained, thanks for this...The way you say bye at the end is so cute :-)

Thanks. Great information

very well explained! thank you for sharing..

Excellent lecturer

Thanks for the detailed method of teaching..😊😊😊

reallly good......itz help me alot...suprb explanation

Thanks . Excellent explanation. Also for RT. PCR.

Thank you. Very useful content 👌

Thank you so much mam 🙏🙏 this video cleared all my doubts 🤩 really very very helpful. 🙏🙏

very good information, thank you...

thank you, explained well

Thank you very much🙏🏾

Thank you very much!

great video! thank you

Great Video

Thank you very much ❤️

thank you so much really you made it easy

Asante sana.

Highly appreciate your video, can you please add a note in the description with a correction regarding the primer binding temperature tolerances that are mentioned at 12:25. The details are in Annie Jay's comment below. You have a great gift for teaching as is obvious in this video. Your graphics are highly effective.

Best!!! Thank you!!

@bereketwake6622

4 жыл бұрын

It's interesting...thank you!!!

Thanks for the clear explanation. Let me know the details of PCR or how it works.

THANK YOU!

انا عربية وفهمت عليكي لغتك جدا بسيطه وسهلة. Thank u

thank you so much

so good👍👍

you are excellent and amazing

I apreciat you

Thank you!

Well explained

Dear mam, i just love you way of explanation, i am preparing for the interview and helping me a lot. Keep posting such valuable lecturres. Thank you very much, do you have a video on RT PCR? plz reply

WELL PRESENTED

thank you very much its superb

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

6 жыл бұрын

You are welcome :)

TX MUM, U ARE EXCELLENCE PERSONIFIED

Brilliant

good explanation!

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

7 жыл бұрын

Thanx ... welcome to my channel :)

thank you well done

Hello Ma'am...very nice explaination..

Exalent mam thank for this vedio

Thank you

Hi sorry I'm really confused @ 12.25 you mentioned that if the annealing temperature is too low, the primer will not bind and if the temperature is too high the primer will bind non-specifically. But I was taught the opposite and no matter how much I research into it, I find that I'm correct. if the temperature is too high, there will be no hydrogen bond formation and the primer will remain dissociate, and if the temperature is too low the primer will bond non-specifically.

@priyankamanuja1617

5 жыл бұрын

U r correct ..may be it's by mistakenly said

@mralamtech1724

4 жыл бұрын

Hello Annie

@zifantang3792

4 жыл бұрын

Thanks for correction

@AndrewCharnley

3 жыл бұрын

Looks like you were probably correct. See the commentary from: mpfmax0 7 months ago "...You have the annealing temperature limits backwards: too high means no binding and too low means unspecific binding. Also you have the reverse and forward primer backwards as well on your graphic..."

@123thomas30

2 жыл бұрын

you are correct, high temperature denatures the hydrogen bonds thus breaking the bond.

Thanks 👍👍👍

Very cool

well done

Well done :)

nice video

Awesome Video and Explanation, Thank You Soo Much : )

Clear explanations, thank you.

Perfect

Great

thanks

Big Thanks for you 🌷 My specialist genetics and biotechnology.. Please video about COVID_19 PCR ..and technical procedure And which the perfect pcr device to diagnosis this infection

Thank u

Amizing keep it up

According the Kary Mullis (inventor of the PCR technique), viral and bacterial infections aren't valid applications for PRC. Why then is this application listed here?

@a.larson2125

3 жыл бұрын

#Biomedicalandbiololicalscience , #Olivercarvajalgômez has an extremely legitimate question. Would you be so kind as to oblige with an answer? Kary Mullis, the inventor of the PCR test had specifically stated it is an *AMPLIFICATION* test only. No different than turning the volume up on a stereo so loud the *amplifier* would blow out a speaker as would the thermal heat.

@baghiballsakh82

3 жыл бұрын

I found these two patents from Kary Mullis and his team for PCR. Might help 🤷 System for automated performance of the polymerase chain reaction (US Patent US5656493A) This method is especially useful for performing clinical tests on the DNA or RNA from a fetus or other donor where large amounts of the DNA or RNA are not readily available and more DNA or RNA must be manufactured to have a sufficient amount to perform tests. The presence of diseases which have unique DNA or RNA signatures can be detected by amplifying a nucleic acid sample from a patient and using various probe procedures to assay for the presence of the nucleic acid sequence being detected in the test. (Patent number: 4,965,188) Various infectious diseases can be diagnosed by the presence in clinical samples of specific DNA sequences characteristic of the causative microorganism. These include bacteria, such as Salmonella, Chlamydia, Neis seria., viruses, such as the hepatitis viruses, and parasites, such as the Plasmodium responsible for malaria.

I see the light ~~~~

Good

Thank you for your wonderful explanation. I still have one question: When the elongation step starts, the dNTPs begin to bond the specific DNA sequences after the primer. But how to stop them at the terminal of the specific sequences. There is no such things like primer to stop them at the termination.

@caroed2768

4 жыл бұрын

the first two newly synthesised chains won't have the right length, they'll be longer, but after that you'll start having single strands of the right length. The first time you'll have double stranded dna of the right length (on both strands) will be cycle 3, and from there the number grows exponentially. This is clearly shown in this video kzread.info/dash/bejne/m4Wn15WEqpy0idI.html (minute 2.00)

@fanyang6608

3 жыл бұрын

@@caroed2768 Thank you! My friend, you answered the question that had been bothering me for half a year!

@fanyang6608

3 жыл бұрын

@@aburahat4653 Thank you for your answer. I have understood the process now

Thanks! Question - how does the DNA Polymerase knows when to stop the elongation step (I know it starts at the primer, but how about the end)? I guess the DNA is super long, so if my target is only 1000 base pairs, and I don't need 5000 base pairs DNA strand.

@hendrawanbakri9363

6 жыл бұрын

Terrie 000 it's about the time, basically 1 minute is time that needed to copy about 1000 bp, when you reached that limit then decrease or increase the temperature so the dna polymerase wont work properly

Could you do a video about 16s RNA sequencing ? about the 2-step PCR and how the elongation of the adapters is done. Perfect job , keep on :) :)

@noorpk

5 жыл бұрын

We can discuss about adopters.

@tzatzikosouvlaki

5 жыл бұрын

@@noorpk ok i m waiting for your next one

i really don't have a backgrount in pcr and we will have a defense abt this thanks for the infosss

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

7 жыл бұрын

meanyoongi 0309 thank you for the comment... stay tuned ... and suggest the video to your colleagues ;)

@biomedicalandbiologicalsci4989

7 жыл бұрын

Welcome ... stay tuned :)

Does the taq polymerase just stop at the end of the desired dna length (so at the end of the red marked dna in the video) or does it synthesize the rest as well?

In the lab, how much is "one copy" of DNA? Like 10 uL of DNA sample extraction, 100 uL? Or how much do people generally start out with, you know?