PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in detail

This pcr lecture explains polymerase chain reaction in details.
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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis,[1][2] PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications.[3][4] These include DNA cloning for sequencing, DNA-based phylogeny, or functional analysis of genes; the diagnosis of hereditary diseases; the identification of genetic fingerprints (used in forensic sciences and paternity testing); and the detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases. In 1993, Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Michael Smith for his work on PCR.[5]
The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. Primers (short DNA fragments) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. PCR can be extensively modified to perform a wide array of genetic manipulations.
Almost all PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus. This DNA polymerase enzymatically assembles a new DNA strand from DNA building-blocks, the nucleotides, by using single-stranded DNA as a template and DNA oligonucleotides (also called DNA primers), which are required for initiation of DNA synthesis. The vast majority of PCR methods use thermal cycling, i.e., alternately heating and cooling the PCR sample through a defined series of temperature steps. In the first step, the two strands of the DNA double helix are physically separated at a high temperature in a process called DNA melting. In the second step, the temperature is lowered and the two DNA strands become templates for DNA polymerase to selectively amplify the target DNA. The selectivity of PCR results from the use of primers that are complementary to the DNA region targeted for amplification under specific thermal cycling conditions. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. Copyright by original content developers of Wikipedia.
Link- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Пікірлер: 137

  • @leorix123
    @leorix12310 жыл бұрын

    Basically passed all my exams from organic chem to molecular biology related subjects in uni by refreshing the contents in my notes through ur lectures. Keep it up sir! Well done!

  • @h.upekkhaabhayarathne2274
    @h.upekkhaabhayarathne22744 жыл бұрын

    We do watch your videos all the time and they are so much helpful for us in biotechnology sir. We do almost all the exams in the university by watching your videos. You are capable of teaching even the hardest parts, in simple ways. We like to watch videos which you yourself teach in the white board, very much. Thank you sir...bohoth bohoth shukriya!!

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

  • @ThiNKBiologyThiNKVISION
    @ThiNKBiologyThiNKVISION4 жыл бұрын

    The Best and Complete PCR Explanation Video Ever...👏👏 There are 100s of Videos on PCR, But this the best...! Thank You...!🙏🙏

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

  • @chocalateicecream
    @chocalateicecream10 жыл бұрын

    I wanted this a few times- thank you for breaking down the process of PCR. You don't waste time on unnecessary words or pauses like many "youtube teachers" do,

  • @annajoy1948
    @annajoy19486 жыл бұрын

    your videos are good for brushing up concepts rather than reading all the books again when time is short. thanks.

  • @haryobolodewo4669
    @haryobolodewo46696 жыл бұрын

    I am very blessed found your tutorial lecture on Molecular Biology in the you tube, you gave a simple way how to understand the application and knowledge about molecular biology, you are very kind to share your knowledge to everybody in the world.....hope you get present from the God....salam from Indonesia....

  • @wenjinghe9629
    @wenjinghe96299 жыл бұрын

    IT IS SO HELPFUL!!! your explanation is so much better than my tutor's. thank you so much

  • @alashadbin3814
    @alashadbin38144 жыл бұрын

    thanks for perfect videos you share they're both informative and productive. It's brilliant that we have such awesome lecturers like you in KZread who are trying their best to inform others

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

  • @architadas4604
    @architadas4604 Жыл бұрын

    BEST PCR LECTURE EVER🙏thanks a lot sir

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    Жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @Anabelle6493
    @Anabelle64938 жыл бұрын

    a really complete and informative video. good job and thank you :)

  • @priyatalib9330
    @priyatalib93306 жыл бұрын

    Your all videos are really helpful. Thank you so much.

  • @mohdkaleemkhan9994
    @mohdkaleemkhan99946 жыл бұрын

    Nice slide and explained every step in authentic way...

  • @anamikahalder2102
    @anamikahalder21024 жыл бұрын

    God bless u sir . Ur doing a grt help to thousands of people with ur beautiful videos..high quality teaching ♥️

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

  • @iqraijaz5476
    @iqraijaz54767 жыл бұрын

    Thanks alot for making this subject easier may God bless you

  • @medschoolradio
    @medschoolradio10 жыл бұрын

    Thanks...you just made everything so clear!!

  • @sanjibkalita403
    @sanjibkalita4036 жыл бұрын

    very very lucid explanation. Thank you sir.

  • @rajithaanand9879
    @rajithaanand98799 жыл бұрын

    Thank you sir for the good work .... I have understand the concept of PCR very easily through ur lecture, it's very helpful. . Please upload more videos related to this . Your explanation is very good ....

  • @Ramya.85
    @Ramya.857 жыл бұрын

    i am getting hope to clear exam only because of your videos. after 8 yrs gap, i started to persue my carrier, its such a long break , ur videos given me much confidence . i hats off u. u r my role model thanks shomu sir.

  • @newthinker5829

    @newthinker5829

    4 жыл бұрын

    Hi r u working now... I am also started studying after 8 yrs of gap hoping to get a job soon

  • @maalyahmed
    @maalyahmed7 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much, very informative and helpful video

  • @Encrypted628
    @Encrypted6287 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much for your video lecture, much appreciated.

  • @demissedakone2980
    @demissedakone29806 жыл бұрын

    Great lecturer, thank you

  • @hajrabibi8773
    @hajrabibi87738 ай бұрын

    Very interesting sir as you said .thank you very much for the lecture.you have provided us with very minute details which are Essential for attending the long questions ans . ❤️❤️

  • @Nikkishoko
    @Nikkishoko9 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much! This is really helpful!

  • @afiqah443
    @afiqah4435 жыл бұрын

    very helpful . The content is very detailed. Great job sir.

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    5 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear that you are getting benefit from the videos

  • @riyabarik7537
    @riyabarik75378 жыл бұрын

    Very informative video. hoping for t same for other techniques....thanks slot it really helped me

  • @shafiullahshehu4050
    @shafiullahshehu40509 жыл бұрын

    Work well done. thanks sir

  • @vinitasharma4578
    @vinitasharma45783 жыл бұрын

    U ARE THE BEST.... HELPING ME ALOT DURING MY STUDIES. THANKS

  • @terrybash5194

    @terrybash5194

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much DR RORPOPOR HERBAL on KZread you saved my life from this deadly PCR virus, I got cured within 14daysly herpesly herpes..........

  • @bhanu549
    @bhanu5499 жыл бұрын

    thanks a lot...very nicely explained

  • @sukanyapaul8666
    @sukanyapaul86664 жыл бұрын

    It is so much helpful, very informative and descriptive video. Thank you sir😇

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

  • @zhsaaad
    @zhsaaad9 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much. It was very helpful.

  • @savitact7960
    @savitact79606 жыл бұрын

    Thankyou very much for such an informative video.. keep it up.

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    6 жыл бұрын

    +Savita Ct thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

  • @himanigoel624
    @himanigoel6248 жыл бұрын

    it was an awesome video. 😊 very helpful

  • @David_Wigren
    @David_Wigren9 жыл бұрын

    Excellent video!

  • @firozsheikh3352
    @firozsheikh33528 жыл бұрын

    great job God bless you 🙌🙋

  • @microscopy3852
    @microscopy38528 жыл бұрын

    very good technique

  • @amisheriff709
    @amisheriff7098 жыл бұрын

    very informative

  • @andreainzaghi7373
    @andreainzaghi73733 жыл бұрын

    thank you Dr Shomu

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    3 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

  • @biniamtesfazghi8181
    @biniamtesfazghi81814 жыл бұрын

    it is very helpful my lecturer recommend me to watch this

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Glad it helped

  • @samthakur4038
    @samthakur40387 жыл бұрын

    excellent video

  • @marisettylokesh2620
    @marisettylokesh26204 жыл бұрын

    Tq so much for better understandingsir......I like ur teaching skills sir.....

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

  • @yumnafouzer5923
    @yumnafouzer59234 жыл бұрын

    i'm starting to have hope, Thank you sir

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @misbahnaik4987
    @misbahnaik49873 жыл бұрын

    I didn't understand this process even though my teacher took 3 hrs to explain it.. Thanks sir for the explanation

  • @vidhisambhvani8276
    @vidhisambhvani82767 жыл бұрын

    hello tysm for this video.u r genius.u helped me in molecular biology n genetic engineering so much..can u plz provide me yr written material or books...???

  • @kingcorneliusnoamesi6118
    @kingcorneliusnoamesi61188 жыл бұрын

    great video. tnx

  • @aqsaali2774
    @aqsaali27746 жыл бұрын

    Wel Done sir !

  • @totorocute9638
    @totorocute96382 жыл бұрын

    This is very helpful, my doctor ask us to watch your video and it best decisions ever,

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

  • @terrybash5194

    @terrybash5194

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much DR RORPOPOR HERBAL on KZread you saved my life from this deadly PCR virus, I got cured within 14daysly herpesly herpes..........

  • @Easybotanytastybotany
    @Easybotanytastybotany4 жыл бұрын

    Very helpful thank you so much🙏🙏🙏

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @nameirakpambidyanandasingh9534
    @nameirakpambidyanandasingh95349 жыл бұрын

    it sounds good thanks alot

  • @razuahmed7736
    @razuahmed77367 жыл бұрын

    IT IS VERY MUCH HELPFULL

  • @analudmilamedeiros6636
    @analudmilamedeiros66368 жыл бұрын

    very good.

  • @sweetysharma5268
    @sweetysharma52688 жыл бұрын

    very informative video

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    8 жыл бұрын

    Thank you. Glad you like my lectures. Stay tuned.

  • @medschoolradio
    @medschoolradio10 жыл бұрын

    Very nice...

  • @bansisharma720
    @bansisharma7207 жыл бұрын

    hi shomu i have a question reagarding pcr reaction.. why initial pcr product produce long and varying size product in reaction, and fina reaction produced shorter and uniform size product?

  • @user-yi2re8nq5s
    @user-yi2re8nq5s4 жыл бұрын

    আপনার video গুলো অনেক সুন্দর। অনেক concept clear হয়েছে। আপনাকে অনেক ধন্যবাদ।

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for appreciating my efforts

  • @anshulrana5614
    @anshulrana5614 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much sir 🥰🥰🥰🥰

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    Жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @avnigoel5420
    @avnigoel54204 жыл бұрын

    Hello sir, your videos are very helpful to all of us ( me and my batchmates )sir we all just watch your videos and we all have passed our exams with good Marks thank u soo much sir for making every topic so simple to understand. sir I am facing problem in plateau effect in PCR ,I am not able to understand it, so sir can you please help me out

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you. Glad you liked my lectures. Please subscribe and share

  • @arpanbanerji9962
    @arpanbanerji99625 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much sir...oshonkhyo dhonnobad

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

  • @SUNILGBA
    @SUNILGBA10 жыл бұрын

    very good keep it up

  • @Jacksonjeans1
    @Jacksonjeans17 жыл бұрын

    thank you

  • @maheesiriwardhana1208
    @maheesiriwardhana12083 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much sir.

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    3 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @terrybash5194

    @terrybash5194

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much DR RORPOPOR HERBAL on KZread you saved my life from this deadly PCR virus, I got cured within 14daysly herpesly herpes..........

  • @sriparnadas7781
    @sriparnadas77816 жыл бұрын

    Really very helpful sir....plse sir can u explain suicide pcr in another tutorial video.

  • @genetukassahun2679
    @genetukassahun26795 жыл бұрын

    good lecture

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    5 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @sathimerugu821
    @sathimerugu8216 жыл бұрын

    sir, i am confusing the order of the videos, recombinate DNA Technology 61 tutorials are there , but which one is 1st , 2nd..........61 videos, this is my confusing , i hope you pls clearify , thank u.

  • @jaserahsyed441
    @jaserahsyed4415 жыл бұрын

    A primer may bind anywhere on the DNA, obviously to ours complementary sequences but it's not always necessary that these sequences will be present at the very start. So the sequences where primer doens't bind how are those sequences amplified?

  • @Attamatic
    @Attamatic8 жыл бұрын

    impressive command of English

  • @fatirafimor1326
    @fatirafimor13268 жыл бұрын

    Thank u very much sir. This really help me to understand more about PCR.

  • @ritikasingh8809
    @ritikasingh88092 жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @jashodaksuthar8934
    @jashodaksuthar8934 Жыл бұрын

    Got one question! when a gene is encoded on a single strand of DNA called template strand then why do we perform PCR on both strands of DNA using 2 primers?

  • @khadijadabeer6284
    @khadijadabeer62848 жыл бұрын

    inspite of being such a good method of amplification why cloning is not completely replaced by pcr?

  • @viduradias4646
    @viduradias46463 жыл бұрын

    Thank You!!!

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    3 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @dishapatel2911
    @dishapatel29117 жыл бұрын

    sir plz explain chemical. synthesis of dna & its 3 types

  • @doveofpeace9120
    @doveofpeace91206 жыл бұрын

    Thank you very much just a question about the oligonucléotides they are of DNA or RNA????

  • @vijaybhaskarreddykoyle7347
    @vijaybhaskarreddykoyle73476 жыл бұрын

    hello sir, help me to clear my doubt that initially two primers are used for 1st cycle but how many primers are used for 30 cycles

  • @mezbauddinrobin6167
    @mezbauddinrobin61674 жыл бұрын

    Helpful..

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    4 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @morsmb1
    @morsmb110 жыл бұрын

    ty very much

  • @dikshatiwari2562
    @dikshatiwari25626 жыл бұрын

    What are the different enzymes used for this process

  • @Shwetachaturvedi25
    @Shwetachaturvedi256 жыл бұрын

    Why all videos on PCR r not available at u tube???plz make them easily access for all students those who can't afford coaching...

  • @aparnaaparna9992
    @aparnaaparna99922 жыл бұрын

    Sir I one big request.. can you make one video about enterococcus feacalis full detail

  • @yousufbaloch5140
    @yousufbaloch51408 ай бұрын

    How sir the dna denaturate at specific site, if you provide heat it should denaturante completely?

  • @officialperson8802
    @officialperson8802 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you bhai 😭

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    Жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @pritidesai1924
    @pritidesai19248 жыл бұрын

    nice

  • @sabaismail8622
    @sabaismail86227 жыл бұрын

    Does anyone have any experience with trying to PCR with loading dye present? Or any ideas on how to get rid of it so that it doesn't inhibit the enzyme?

  • @sonailkhattak8180
    @sonailkhattak81806 жыл бұрын

    what is means by melting temprature

  • @romi6374
    @romi63748 жыл бұрын

    In which base pair does the primer starts binding in annealing steps? It binds to complementary sequence but in which exact bp does it bind?

  • @craftsandscience860

    @craftsandscience860

    8 жыл бұрын

    It binds first at the 3' end of the primer. That's why the 5 base pairs on the 3' end of the primer are very important In order to promote a proper annealing to the DNA complementary strand. Therefore, better to design a primer with G or C nucleotide at the very end of the 3' end of the primer because it has a strong binging efficiency

  • @sobiasana8365
    @sobiasana83653 жыл бұрын

    Sir why primase is not used ?is that bcz of small size of DNA fragment that is to be copied

  • @Noor-ty1xt
    @Noor-ty1xt28 күн бұрын

    Why both primers ?

  • @AD-dy1hi
    @AD-dy1hi2 жыл бұрын

    Heat labile means heat sensitive. So Taq polymerase is not heat sensitive and neither heat labile!!!! Thank you for your video.

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're welcome

  • @mikehunt3426
    @mikehunt34269 жыл бұрын

    I was wondering... What would happen if the two primers were on the same strands ?? Would there be any PCR's product or nothing ?

  • @waiting12

    @waiting12

    7 жыл бұрын

    Mike Hunt thinking same ...if we suceeded to any how artificially ....dna manuplating by pahogens could be reduced...

  • @healthsupport5218
    @healthsupport52188 жыл бұрын

    Hi I have a very basic Question regarding PCR. PCR is used to amplify content of DNA. Say for ex. My sample contains 38ng/microL concentration of DNA, using PCR Am I making my solution more concentrated? (from 38 ng to 38 micro/mg?) Please clarify..

  • @csmobilesolutions8553

    @csmobilesolutions8553

    7 жыл бұрын

    Health Support yes

  • @pakhisingh6378
    @pakhisingh63783 жыл бұрын

    Grt👍

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thank you

  • @sagnikbiswas7045
    @sagnikbiswas704510 жыл бұрын

    we need to amplify only one strand of the DNA,as,the sense strand contains the required fragment of DNA,then why do we need the anti-sense strand of DNA for amplification??? why do we add two primers in that case,,,,when we need to amplify only the sense DNA strand?

  • @SuperAnnanymous

    @SuperAnnanymous

    9 жыл бұрын

    Sagnik Biswas Because anti sense strand is complementary to the sense strand. We actually get sense strand by amplifying an anti sense strand. This is my thinking. I maybe wrong.

  • @sagnikbiswas7045

    @sagnikbiswas7045

    9 жыл бұрын

    You're right ☺

  • @akriti6152
    @akriti61527 жыл бұрын

    what taq polymerase is important

  • @mdwazid1548

    @mdwazid1548

    7 жыл бұрын

    akriti nipu coz it can resist high degree of temperature

  • @yourmajesty1361
    @yourmajesty13617 жыл бұрын

    I am afraid that this video is 30 min. hope i will get it

  • @sabitasinku9548
    @sabitasinku95482 жыл бұрын

    Sir iss topic ki note kaise download karein

  • @shomusbiologyofficial

    @shomusbiologyofficial

    2 жыл бұрын

    Don't have note now

  • @fatimabintezahir3956
    @fatimabintezahir39568 жыл бұрын

    👏👏

  • @maczampieri
    @maczampieri9 жыл бұрын

    nice english accent!!!

  • @user-lg6pf4vb7z
    @user-lg6pf4vb7z5 жыл бұрын

    اكو عرب اهنا 😂😂

  • @mbitasumbwe3169
    @mbitasumbwe31698 жыл бұрын

    PCR made easier thanks

  • @kundanyadav9042
    @kundanyadav90424 жыл бұрын

    Plz speak a little faster