The Most Incredible Retreat in Ancient History (Anabasis, or the 10,000)
In 401 BCE, turmoil in the Achaemenid Persian Empire led to a contender of the throne, Cyrus the Younger, to muster an army of Greeks and Persians to defeat his brother.
Though the attempt was a failure, the 10,000 Greek Mercenaries survived the epic battle of Cunaxa intact, and these men, οἱ Μύριο (hoi Myrioi), went on to make history in one of the most incredible retreat stories ever recounted in the history of antiquity.
Led by Xenophon the philosopher/historian/solider, they campaigned for two years out of deep Persia from one danger to another, on their way home back to Greece.
Their story, recounted by Xenophon in his 'Anabasis' (literally, the march up) lays bare this epic in graphic detail, and frankly, it's a tragedy we don't yet have a film of it. Inspiring so many stories, imitations, military strategy, and later incredible feats, there are moments of pure brilliance in this work - not least of which is the famous cry of 'The Sea, The Sea!'.
So in the meantime, enjoy this video and the stories within, from Persian satraps and blistering winters to the proto-Kurdish mountain warriors and the Armenian mountains.
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Sources Used
Ancient Texts:
Ctesias - Persica (Περσικά)
Ephorus - Universal History
Pausanius - Description of Greece (Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις)
Plutarch - Life of Artaxerxes (Βίοι Παράλληλοι: Ἀρταξέρξης)
Plutarch - Life of Lysander (Βίοι Παράλληλοι: Λύσανδρος)
Thucydides - History of the Peloponnesian War
Xenophon - Anabasis (Ἀνάβασις)
Credits
If you see any of your artwork in the video, please let me know so I can give you credit!
Film, TV & Game Clips:
'Alexander' (2004) | Oliver Stone | Intermedia Films ©
'The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King' (2003) | Peter Jackson | New Line Cinema ©
'Rome: Total War' (2004) | Creative Assembly ©
Music:
All Music is licensed by Epidemic Sound
www.epidemicsound.com/
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:37 Turmoil in Persia
2:34 Anabasis
03:50 Battle of Cunaxa and the Death of Cyrus
08:18 The Great Retreat Begins
12:56 New Enemies
15:19 The Sea, The Sea!
17:25 Hellas, at Last
#Anabasis #AncientGreece #10k #greekhistory #military #militaryhistory #alexanderthegreat #ancientpersia #persia #achaemenidempire #ancientgreek #xenophon
Пікірлер: 111
Not only is it a mystery why we haven't gotten a film about the "ten thousand" but pretty much non of the popular and big history channels here on youtube has even made a video on it. The story is one of the greatest military adventure and feats in all of history, it has everything that makes a great story; drama, danger, deceit, adventure, betrayal, survival, desperation, hope, redemption and revenge.
@c.markmurrah6422
7 ай бұрын
No aliens or Nazis involved, so the "History" Channel wouldn't be interested.
@goldenkro
5 ай бұрын
Because people hate those type of movies, they do bad like oliver stones Alexander's and cost so much to make. People want black cleopatra
@cokonutraw8800
4 ай бұрын
Oh yeah, film it in the middle east, northern iraq and Syria, no danger there…
The best book I’ve ever read. Xenophon is a man among men
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
The greatest general and philosopher to ever walk the earth - Xenophon
@bigt1013
Жыл бұрын
@@AntiquityforAll He really is. I think generals like Hamilcar Barca and King Leonidas I rival him in terms of bravery but the speeches Xenophon gave are some of the best ever given.
@user-dn6fk4bj2b
Ай бұрын
@@bigt1013 Don't forget ALEXANDER THE GREATEST OF ALL! ! ! Heil HELLAS aka GREECE!
This adventure probably gave Philip II, the crazy idea to attack the largest empire in the world.
@behindthecurtain4235
Жыл бұрын
He was called phlippos ( Φίλιππος)
@mishkosimonovski23
Жыл бұрын
@@behindthecurtain4235 Филип Македонски - Phillip II Makedonski.
@gaionaus
7 ай бұрын
@@mishkosimonovski23 ΝΑΙ ΕΜΑΘΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΣΛΑΒΟ ΣΚΟΠΙΑΝΕ. ΠΕΣ ΜΑΣ ΤΙ ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ ΣΗΜΑΙΝΕΙ ΤΟ ΟΝΟΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΣΤΗΝ ΓΛΩΣΣΑ ΣΟΥ ΟΠΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΟΝΟΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ. ΦΙΛ-ΙΠΠΟΣ Φιλος των Ιππων. ΑΛΕΞ-ΑΝΔΡΟΣ, προστάτης των ανδρών. Ξύπνα απο την ψευτοιστορία που σου πούλησαν, προσγειώσου στην πραγματικότα, μην προσπαθείς να κλέψεις ιστορία άλλου έθνους και μάθε να αγαπάς την ιστορία του λαού σου, όσο ταπεινή και αν είναι αυτή ! Θα μπορούσα να συνεχίσω απ' αόριστο να παραθέτω παραδείγμα όπως τα παραπάνω. Για παράδειγμα, η μάνα του Αλέξανδρου, η Ολυμπιάδα, τον δάσκαλο του στην ΜΙΕΖΑ κλπ κλπ κλπ.
Hello from Greece. Xenophon is one of my heroes, he opened the path for Alexander the Great.
@AntiquityforAll
Ай бұрын
γεια! Possibly my favourite figure from antiquity
I couldn't agree more, the Anabasis would make for an incredible movie, or even better, a series. I would say the same about the Sicilian Expedition by Athens. That one has a tragic ending though. Great video, I loved it!!
@ShakaCthulu
Жыл бұрын
There was talk of one in development at a major studio, but I guess it’s in development hell because this was like 15 years ago. The Falcon Of Sparta novel would make for a great basis as it draws heavily from Xenophon’s account.
@jarlnils435
10 ай бұрын
The problem is that there are no important female roles in this story. So no modern producer would make it into a movie or series. There is no love story and no psychopathic fighting girl warrior thing.
@insertnamehere8121
3 ай бұрын
@@jarlnils435 I love how broadly understood these societal elements are now. A world that has decided to embrace absurdity, deserves common understanding of that farcicalness ...and with that widespread mockery
Your readings in ancient languages really makes you stand out from other history channels. I hope more people like me manage to stumble upon your channel because its convinced me to watch the rest of your content.
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Appreciate that! I always try to use the original texts in research and it’s good practice to read them aloud too - here’s hoping I improve 🤞
I have been seriously into the study of ancient military history for around fifty years now. I watch and rewatch documentaries on KZread every evening. I am always looking for the best channels. And I do believe that I have just found an exceptional one. Thank you my new friends. I will be here.
@AntiquityforAll
7 ай бұрын
This is very much appreciated, thank you so much 🙏
I just came from the audiobook "sparta- fear the sons of sparta" and the plottwists of the deaths of cyrus and clearchus completely caught me off guard. What a crazy story. Why is there no movie about this.
The movie "The Warriors" was based on this story. A New York gang that has to fight their way back to their turf. Great movie.
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Great movie! I still think we’re long overdue a modern sword and sandal of the original
@stevemartinez1360
Жыл бұрын
He literally says that within the first minute of the video.
@flambr
9 ай бұрын
you a genius
@geminiwriter8875
6 ай бұрын
The Novel Warriors by Sol Yurrick was based on the legend which in turn inspired the film.
@dragospeta3812
5 ай бұрын
Excellent sound track ... thanks for the comment. Didn't know about but loved Warriors. New York was such a mess during those years. Nobody went there to visit. I live in Paris France... which looks worse than 1980's NY. Better stay away from Paris. Don't come for the Olympics in 2024. They expect terrorisme. They will open the Games on boats on the Seine river : easier to control and deal with our local Barbarians... 😂
Love hearing those passages in ancient greek, it really adds to this amazing story to hear the words that Xenophon wrote down. Thank you for this video!
Just found this channel, love it! Also, awesome job with the Ancient Greek readings, very good and natural sounding. Also, this story is so epic, a movie could literally just show it exactly as written and it would be amazing, there's not even any need to exaggerate.
Great video. Keep up the good work
Awesome video
Then Theopompus, an Athenian, said: “Phalinus, at this moment, as you see for yourself, we have no other possession save arms and valour. Now if we keep our arms, we imagine that we can make use of our valour also, but if we give them up, that we shall likewise be deprived of our lives. Do not suppose, therefore, that we shall give up to you the only possessions that we have; rather, with these we shall do battle against you for your possessions as well.”.. I love this book. It was part of my school education.
Don't criticism your way of story telling in the video. I found it really jarring that you did this. I really enjoyed the parts you crisised your self on. It was really cool hearing the old tougue
Just found your channel and subbed. Keep up the great work! The more Greek the better, I say!
superb video
I like the long passages. Gives me a chance to follow along and learn a little.
Awesome storytelling! Thanks for your effort 🙂
@AntiquityforAll
11 ай бұрын
Much appreciated!
Modern estimates for Cyrus’ army don’t make sense unless we’re also to believe that there weren’t really at least 10.000 Greek mercenaries fighting for Cyrus. There’s no way the Greeks outnumbered the non Greeks under Cyrus’ command.
May the gods bless you for making these videos! Love your channel and another good bio video of one of antiquities greats! A movie or tv series of this would be amazing. I read “The Falcon of Sparta” by Conn Iggulden a few years back and have been praying for a movie to be made since. Highly recommend the book to anyone who is interested.
@ShakaCthulu
Жыл бұрын
Got it from library based on this recommendation. Great book! It’s just begging for a screenplay treatment.
Parts in greek is what convinced me to subscribe ❤
This would, indeed, make a great movie.
very good. Congratulations
The few viewers this channel has is criminal
Just two minor points. The army of Cyrus had to be much bigger than 15K, there were approx 13K Greek soldiers --10,700 hoplites, 1,600 Peltasts, 200 archers, 500 lightly armed soldiers for a total of 13K. Cyrus would have had to bring many more soldiers of his own satrapy, and pickup more non-greek mercenaries on the march from Sardis to Cunaxa. I know they wild exaggerate the numbers at ancient battles, but surely Cyrus was leading more than 15K total. Also after the arrest of Klearchos and the other Greek high command, the army voted a number of generals to lead them, including Xenophon. Xenophon twice refused sole command at Harmene (Sinope) in Sept 400 BCE after twice receiving bad omens during sacrifice. The army then accepts Cheirisophos, a Spartan, who dies from medicine taken for a fever and the army accepts Neon, an Asinean. There are always a number of generals, and Xenophon writing in 3rd person does seem to suggest he is the general the army listens to for the best course to take and then blames him if others' jealousy decries him. The Landmark Xenophon's Anabasis, Pantheon Books has more detail. 7 books, appendix A-W, translator notes, ancient sources, glossary, figure credits, index, reference maps.
@fotiosgeorgiadis7697
Ай бұрын
ΣΟΣΤΑ ΕΥΓΕ ΚΕ ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΟ
@DesertAres
Ай бұрын
Yes very helpful.@@fotiosgeorgiadis7697
This story was my favorite subject on middle school!
@user-cu2tb6ej5x
14 күн бұрын
production-metabook-covers-8.ams3.digitaloceanspaces.com/files/1c/62/84fa6532-3021-4fd7-9b77-2bf4885ce541.jpg
ΕΥΓΕ ΣΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΙΝ ΤΕΝ ΙΑ ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΠΟΛΙ ΝΑΣΤΕ ΚΑΛΑ ΧΕΡΕΤΕ ΥΠΑΡΧΙ ΠΟΛΙ ΑΛΙΘΙΑ ΣΤΟ ΒΙΝΤΕΟ ΣΑΣ ΝΟ.ΙΖΟ ΑΞΙΟΠΡΕΠΗ ΤΙ ΜΕΤΆΦΡΑΣΗ ❤
Is this when the King dies, they leave unpaid and find the Ancient Ruins of the Assyrian/Sumer Civilizations, Ancient at this time.
New Sub! Nice content. You should have more subs
@AntiquityforAll
6 ай бұрын
Appreciate it! With luck the algorithm and (more importantly my consistency) will improve!
A film adaptation of the Anabasis to adapt, but it would have to be directed by Robert Eggers. Nobody else in Hollywood can be trusted to do it justice.
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Now that would be an experience
How does this video only have 500 views
Obrigado pelas legendas. Com elas eu consigo usar a tradução para o português.
It should definitely be a movie. Sp should Alcibiodes !
@AntiquityforAll
7 ай бұрын
Alcibiades! Now there’s a good video idea
@mrcoutts1211
7 ай бұрын
It's certainly a good tale. He starts in Athens has to go to Sparter on thier side because of sacrilegious accusation. Possibly beds the Queen of Sparter. Then gone to Persians then back to Athens leaving the fleet in the control of a helmsman or so. Then getting bumped off by the Spartan winners of the Peloponnese War. 4 Sides in a war the cameilion
Came across this tale in the Fall of Civilizations the Assyrians, recommended.
Whats the font you used in the thumbnail?
Found this channel after jack rackham did an episode on Xenophon
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Hope you enjoy!
An anabis anime would be amazing
Great stuff. Yes, no movie of this trek is a shame. Maybe Ridley Scott can do it. David Lean (Lawrence of Arabia) would have been a good choice; I suppose a Turkish director and cast would be reasonable as the trip is mostly through modern Turkey but they probably don't want to do anything that praises Greeks.
>B.C.E. So I guess we'll never be friends.
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Is it not valid terminology?
@bosertheropode5443
11 ай бұрын
@@AntiquityforAll Judging by which event and date "B.C.E" and "C.E" is based on we might as well call it by it's original name
wait you skipped a good bit of how they extorted heraclea pontica, and had smaller campaigns in bithynia and then thrace before disbanding
Cyrus was a character in Warriors
Read the book from our local library. Great read. Are the Karduchoi the Kurds?
@fotiosgeorgiadis7697
Ай бұрын
Jes❤
I bet Xenophon didn't get on with Aristotle because he was very much a man of action who experienced the realities of the world. Aristotle must have just seemed like an especially egotistical aristocrat who appropriated Socrates.
Good effort reading ancient Greek. Not accurate enough but good effort! Nice channel!
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
Thank you! Keen to keep practicing!
@kraanz
11 ай бұрын
I find it... annoying and pretentious.
@WhizzKid2012
11 ай бұрын
@@kraanz come on :) it was very rough to the ears of a Greek like myself but at least they did try to differentiate. All these years I haven’t seen this channel trying to be pretentious so I guess it was an unfortunate effort:)
@kleinenfuchse5365
5 ай бұрын
@@kraanzyou sound like you got a shovel up your skrop sideways 😭
Now that you mention it, 10,000 would have been a great sequel to 300. Even the title totally fits as a continuation of the series. 300 300: Rise of an Empire 10,000
@mrmpoutias5916
9 ай бұрын
From lycurgus the lawmaker 800 bc up until 480 battle of thermopylae, sparta was stong. Before the persian attack spartans didnt like to live sparta and fight far away, other greek cities mocked them about that. When they started mercenary expeditions even exiled former kings its went kinda downhill, the cyrus ascend was a failure
@okdude8215
4 ай бұрын
300 rise of an empire was a mess. They should have named it something else.
If someone calls me a xenophobe, i will say thanks.. Talking heads on TV needs to read the book. Xenophon was a patriot and thats a good thing.
Classical Period Madness ?
🤠👍🏿
How did you manage to pronounce those ancient Greek passages so well, and yet mess up “coup de grace”? 😅
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
A truly embarrassing slip up. I’ll never be able to say I speak French ever again 😔
@kraanz
11 ай бұрын
As far as we know, he absolutely butchered the Greek part.
Coup de Grass?
Xenophon come ot to playayayayy
This reminded me heavily on the story of Czechozlovak legion
@kleinenfuchse5365
5 ай бұрын
How often do you shave your punaani a year?
By the time they reach greek.likely 2/3 original 10,000 may have either perished due to deases.starvation.died from wound.mia. kia...
Dunkirk was a horrible defeat that the British celebrate as a dashing late swim back to England. A film maker would have to make a propaganda movie just as horrible to make this retreat look good.
@AntiquityforAll
Жыл бұрын
While both technically defeats (though had Cyrus not died Xenophon’s story may have been very different), the stories here - at Dunkirk and Cunaxa - are only partial propaganda. Sure, it’s natural to spin a bad thing into something good but there’s truth in the propaganda. At Dunkirk hundreds of vessels both military and civilian banded together to save the lives of hundreds of thousands of otherwise doomed soldiers. Xenophon’s retreat from Cunaxa was a tactical necessity and yet a nigh-on impossible journey. For 10,000 mercenaries to make it through so much hostile enemy territory isn’t just a retreat, it’s many miles and many chapters of brilliant leadership, morale and perseverance. Almost how one might define a victory?
Looters.
2 points: You can be confident in pronouncing "ει" and "οι" as simple "e" (as in "Eve", not as in "element"), like modern Greeks do. The argument is simple: Why should a nation of people obsessed with aesthetics (that the Romans hated for that) should have the worst sounding language in human history? If you tweak your pronunciation a bit, to sound more like modern Greeks speak, it becomes one of the best sounding languages, which matches the greek tradition far more. I know, there´s many theories about the ancient greek pronunciation, but not a single one of them includes the opinion of any modern greek philologists, instead, just those of modern american, british and german philologists, who all let ancient greek sound like their own languages (how not un-biased !!!)... If you want, I could make audio-recordings of the passages, and you can then do with it whatever you want (use them directly, modify, or completely dismiss them), since I have some experience in public readings (motion, expression, intonation). 2nd: "anAvasis" wasn´t named by you even once, and it´s in the video-title...! The stress is on the 2nd "a" and the greek "b" is pronounced as a "v"... It means "Ascent", since they were marching northwards (but I don´t know if the north was really on the top-part of maps, back then). Another explanation would be, that the word was used in the sense of later christian Greeks, who used to say metaphorically "anAstasis"= "resurrection" (cause of the christian tradition´s influence), which is still used like that, meaning, "against all odds, one manages to survive and come back from the dead, it is nearly a miracle, like Jesus´ ressurection was". You didn´t refer to the most important part, that Greeks weren´t used to come clear land-inwards, since they mostly knew shoreline-near-regions. Being away from any shoreline, was like throwing them into a labyrinth !!! "άνω" means "up"/"upwards" and "βάση(ς)" is the known word "basis"/"base", which in greek means "basis", of course, but its literal meaning is "footing". From this descends the word "βήμα" (or maybe, the other way around), meaning "step" (also "march/parade-stepping-order", and also "podium for holding speeches", like in "ανέβηκε στο βήμα της βουλής"="he got on the step of the parliament", metaphorically, actually meaning "he did the decisive step forwards, getting onto the podium") If you answer, and want support, and I don´t react soonly after, please write again, cause I don´t have any routine in checking YT-comments´ answers...
The word Kurd doesn’t exist until 9th century. Read a book worm. Kurds are from Central Asia, their middle eastern genes are stolen. They helped Turks and mongols genocide Middle East. Carduchii were Iranian tribe mixed with old mountain men and pre Armenian tribes who are the ancestors to armenins and Armenians mixed with them. They were mixed but not armenins . It used to be Assyria. But how much of their ancestry was still Assyrian is anybodies guess.
Dude I couldn't listen to your bad English...it all sounded like Greek to me!
Just stop talking ancient Greek. My ears hurt.
Can you dig it!!!!