Penrose speaks like a graduate student explaining how he came up with a novel solution to his instructor's homework assignment.

I’ve been reading popular science since I was 10 (1982) and even have a minor electrical engineering degree but I have no idea what this talk was about.

@gr00veh0lmes

Жыл бұрын

There is a background, against which events are defined. These events can be simplified to a point of light (a single photon). If you expand this to include all we observe, what we experience is contained within a sphere bounded by the speed of light. So an event or point in spacetime can be represented on this sphere as a circle, and a point on the sphere is a line connecting two events within spacetime. (Palatial) Twistor theory is a mathematical framework that describes the background that these points, lines and spheres exist on. In contrast to String Theory, Twistor Theory only requires 4 Dimensions and has been adopted by Ed Witten in his recent papers. There’s obviously more to it, but that’s what I think is going on here. Hope it helps. 👍🏽

@megamillionfreak

Жыл бұрын

@@gr00veh0lmes Thank you for your time and kindness. I'll re-watch Prof. Penrose's talk.

Conservation of Spatial Curvature (Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree. String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring? What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine. Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. ===================== Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length ) The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. .

that the transformation is conformal just means the lenghts are stretched the same amount in each direction at every point, so angles remain the same locally.

what I understand so far is that matter tells space how to curve while space tells matter how to move. but in the quantum world, a matter is not only here, but it also there at the same time thus the question is how will this matter here and there tell the space how to curve and how will so curved space, if curved at all, tell the matter (that is spread all around in space according to psi function) how to move. without looking into this video, I am assuming this twistor is an object supposed to resolve the above.

@Achrononmaster

2 жыл бұрын

That is not necessarily the case. Superposition says _information_ about where the particle _can be_ is spread out, it does not say the particle itself is spread out, and we never see particles spread out.

@Burevestnik9M730

2 жыл бұрын

@@Achrononmaster Nope, it is spread. When you measure you interact with the system and that interaction at that moment determines the position or momentum. At that very moment the psi function collapses and probability cloud no more. Prior to you doing the measurement, the particle is on all those places, with more or less probability. That is the meaning of superposition.

@user-qd2nd6hi8j

4 ай бұрын

@@Burevestnik9M730 if its spread lets say in infinite positions, even 1 electron will have gravity of black hole.

@Burevestnik9M730

4 ай бұрын

@@user-qd2nd6hi8j nobody resolved quantum gravity conundrum. I believe Nobel committee opened a contest so you still have time to apply

@ricomajestic

7 сағат бұрын

@@Burevestnik9M730 There is one electron. What is spread out is the potential position of the electron not the electron itself. It does not exist as a particle at a specific location until it is measured.

Which Penrose is the real one?

Non-Locality because it's located in the past and all you can see it were it might have bin in the past and when you look you are just confirming were it is right now

Does twistor theory explain where the physics constants? Does twistor theory explain what spacetime is made of? Does twistor theory explain the connection between quantum mechanics and the invariance of the speed of light (relativity)?

@kashu7691

2 жыл бұрын

these are bad questions, they’re not precise/well defined. what does “made of” mean? quantum mechanics is derived from special relativity (qft that is). the answer to the first question is no but no theory can do that yet

@generaltheory

Жыл бұрын

I'd say the answer to all three is yes. Read his papers.

Octonionic algebra is non commutative maybe Cohl Furey should work with Penrose

@metatron5199

3 жыл бұрын

Penrose is a a mathematician by training.... plus he is has worked with basil hiley who specializes in algebra and non commutative algebras.... further his theory is in most part completele and does not need any help or anything further to complete it. It's actually one of the few fully thought out theories outside of the mainstream of physics and is actually quite compelling, it's just not looked at by many due to the complexity and the very high level of mathematics required to understand it fully so many do not want to put the time in to understand....

@Achrononmaster

2 жыл бұрын

@@metatron5199 Basil Hiley knows about Clifford algebra, and the Octonians are found embedded within the spacetime Clifford algebra. Penrose has not exploited this because he has not looked into it. He might be a genius but no genius has the time to explore all angles. BTW: twistors and complex algebra are redundant, the even subalgebra of the CL(3) geometry is isomorphic to the complex numbers. Moreover, every Lie algebra is a bivector algebra. Which means one can always use multivectors rather than matrices, and the unit imaginary can always be interpreted as a _choice_ of unit bivector. You get far more expressive power this way. If you use a single unit imaginary then you have no idea about orientation of the bivector nor whether it is really the pseudoscalar, so you get confusion instead of clarity. Also Penrose has never considered that Planck scale wormholes can form if spacetime has Wheeler's foam-like structure, and any wormhole mouths can separate an arbitrary distance if they do not get perturbed too much and pinch off, so that is a far more natural basis for non-locality than twistors. Twistors seem like good descriptive tools for some limited purposes, but not fundamental particle phenomenology --- they do not have enough degrees of freedom, which is self-evident when you consider their group structure.

@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885

Жыл бұрын

@@Achrononmaster Penrose had a livestream debate about Gerard 't Hooft using a Penrose Diagram to explain the "eternal black hole" that also models instantons or virtual micro blackholes. In fact Gerard 't Hooft is relying on noncommutative time-frequency as the foundation of his model, as does Penrose for his Palatial Twistor model. Since Penrose is trying to relativize the quantum and 't Hooft is trying to rely on Fourier transforms then their math is not very compatible. I think basically they agree though. John G. Williamson has built on his collaboration with Martin van der Mark who coauthored a paper with Gerard 't Hooft called "Light is Heavy" - Williamson basically has the same concept - only his math is also different. I think the noncommutativity concept is key but unfortunately it gets covered up. In fact Professor Basil J. Hiley told me he's now working on a new paper about the noncommutativity of Alain Connes as applied to physics. Penrose relies on Connes as well but Penrose admits he's not very good as quantum algebra or noncommutative geometry. Connes emphasizes since all of modern science is based on commutative geometry then scientists consider noncommutativity to be strange and a nuisance.

@erawanpencil

6 ай бұрын

​@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 It would be crazy, but also seems more in line with how nature behaves, if reality was noncommutative, dimensionality was fractal, or 'twisting' was the fundamental geometry/action. Euclid gave us a very compelling hologram of three dimensional space, but maybe we'll find out it was just a 2000 year long dream that we wake up from. I don't understand all of what Penrose says but the fact that twistor theory starts from what we actually see around us in the celestial sphere, rather than blind faith in abstract math like spacetime, seems very compelling. And that this sphere is the same space (of complex numbers) that quantum mechanics RELIES on is amazing. And c'mon, the dude's humility and curiosity, and willingness to tackle the hardest issues like consciousness, in a field where cynicism, competitive egos, and mockery of reverence for the mysterious is fashionable, makes him all the more likeable. Not to erode my credibility further, but I personally saw something like a twistor or hopf fibration in a dmt flash, long before I knew about anything math or physics related... and I know a dozen other people with the same experience. My bet is that in a few centuries we'll find out the something like a toroidal or twistor geometry is what spacetime emerges out of...