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A 25 year old female patient is brought with symptoms of anxiety, palpitations, sweating, breathlessness, chest pain, feeling she might have a heart attack/ feeling of impending doom. Patient has 5-6 episodes in a month, 30 min each since 6 months. What is the diagnosis?
A. Depression
B. Panic disorder
C. GAD
D. Agoraphobia
Correct Answer - B
Explanation
The patient's symptoms include anxiety, palpitations, sweating, breathlessness, chest pain, a feeling that she might have a heart attack, and a sense of impending doom. These symptoms are characteristic of a panic attack. If such attacks are recurrent and unexpected, and if they are not triggered by a specific situation or object, then they are indicative of panic disorder.
Let's analyze each option:
A. Depression: While individuals with depression can experience anxiety, the primary symptoms of depression include persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in weight or appetite, sleep disturbances, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. The symptoms provided in the scenario align more with panic disorder than with depression.
B. Panic disorder: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks are the hallmark of panic disorder. Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen (impending doom). The presented symptoms are consistent with panic disorder, especially given the frequency and duration of her episodes.
C. GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder): GAD is characterized by excessive, often irrational worry and dread about everyday things. The worry is out of proportion to the actual circumstance and is difficult to control. While GAD can be accompanied by physical symptoms, the patient's sudden, intense episodes of fear are more characteristic of panic attacks than the constant worry typical of GAD.
D. Agoraphobia: Agoraphobia involves intense fear and avoidance of places or situations where escape might be difficult or where help might not be available in the event of a panic attack. The scenario does not provide any indication that the patient avoids such places or situations.