Magic Squares of Squares (are PROBABLY impossible) - Numberphile
Ғылым және технология
Tony Várilly-Alvarado uses surprising mathematics to show that a 3x3 Magic Square of Squares is highly unlikely. See Matt Parker react to this video at: • Matt Parker Reacts to ... --- More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Tony's webpage at Rice University: math.rice.edu/~av15/
Paper by Nils Bruin, Jordan Thomas, Anthony Várilly-Alvarado: arxiv.org/abs/1912.08908
Christian Boyer, "Some notes on the magic squares of squares problem":
link.springer.com/article/10....
The Parker Square: • The Parker Square - Nu...
Finite Fields & Return of The Parker Square: • Finite Fields & Return...
A Special Magic Square: • Special Magic Square -...
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Пікірлер: 657
Watch Matt "Parker Square" Parker react to this video: kzread.info/dash/bejne/h22Y1tKyk8Wsg7w.html
@Jarx246
Жыл бұрын
It's Parkin' Time!
@crazilycrazy29
Жыл бұрын
It is now part of his name 😂
@Dakerthandark
Жыл бұрын
5:25 you definitely don't have correct number for the failed diagonal, it's 38307, not 9409. Where did you even come up with 9409 there?
@Rank-Amateur
Жыл бұрын
All of this talk of higher dimensions has convinced me we need a Parker brane.
@standupmaths
Жыл бұрын
This comment is me reacting to Brady's comment.
I feel like it’s worth mentioning that because of its faulty diagonal, the Parker Square isn’t even on the Parker Surface
@TheKilogram1000
11 ай бұрын
But it gave it the best shot.
@anhhoanginh4763
11 ай бұрын
"the Parker Square isn’t even on the Parker Surface". That's it, i'm gonna call it the Parker paradox
@DavidBeddard
11 ай бұрын
Parkerdox
@chucknovak
11 ай бұрын
Just one more thing the Parker Square doesn’t quite succeed at.
Tony is trying so hard to give Matt all the credit for his attempt and Brady is not having it, this is amazing
@DanielHarveyDyer
Жыл бұрын
Skilled pros want to encourage other people to share their passion. KZreadr friends just want to dunk on each other.
@raynermendes210
11 ай бұрын
@@DanielHarveyDyeror he is just being playful
@WillToWinvlog
7 ай бұрын
dunking on is playful@@raynermendes210
I can't tell if this man just became Matt Parker's best friend or his archnemesis.
@Macrotrophy-mq3wh
Жыл бұрын
LOL
@SwordQuake2
Жыл бұрын
Arch-nemesis definitely
@UnknownCleric2420
Жыл бұрын
Kismessis obviously :p
@redsalmon9966
Жыл бұрын
@@Ms.Pronounced_Name so it’s more like a parkership…?
@maxw565
Жыл бұрын
Arch-Frenemy
I haven’t seen Tony in a video before. Charming, cogent, patient, honest, and passionate about his subject. I look forward to more!
@JoQeZzZ
Жыл бұрын
He looked so proud every time Brady asked very insightful questions. And simultaneously so excited that he was going to have to answer them. Great lecturer, so great.
@DemianNuur
Жыл бұрын
I agree!
@peterflom6878
Жыл бұрын
Yes
@oscarn-
Жыл бұрын
Lovely fellow!
@gazfpl7438
11 ай бұрын
100%
I absolutely love how Brady remembered that one of the diagonals of the Parker square is defective
@hnr9lt-pz7bn
Жыл бұрын
Lol😅
@wesleydeng71
Жыл бұрын
Of course he would since it is the whole point of this video.
@danielyuan9862
Жыл бұрын
I remember it too, honestly
@cihanbuyukbas7333
11 ай бұрын
I dont think he ever forgot.
Let’s take a minute to consider that the Parker square is eventually, but surely, going to end up in very serious, very academic papers. Matt’s made it.
@matthewstuckenbruck5834
Жыл бұрын
I mean, it doesn't really add anything new, unless mathematicians get very interested in semimagic squares with a single line of symmetry. At best it'll probably appear in papers like these as a sort of example, and may end up becoming the mathematical version of loss.
@k0pstl939
Жыл бұрын
Parker finite fields
@hnr9lt-pz7bn
Жыл бұрын
@@matthewstuckenbruck5834Mathematical version of loss 😱
@brianjones9780
Жыл бұрын
@@matthewstuckenbruck5834 mathematical version of loss 😂
@TheFreeBro
Жыл бұрын
It already has
i secretly love that the production quality of these has not really improved over the years. It adds some continuity. It also adds a veneer of cinema verite/documentary. and it feels very authentic. Like, you just love this stuff and you wanna share it.
@crimsonvale7337
Жыл бұрын
Well the one definite evolution is the complexity and depth of topics. I remember hearing brady complain about the epic circles video on an episode of hello internet years ago, and now he’s showing off some surprisingly deep stuff on the regular
@stuiesmb
Жыл бұрын
If it ain’t broke don’t fix it! One of the thing I love about Brady’s channels is it’s so clear that he’s not chasing views or trying to make change for the sake of change. He just wants to get the point across as best as possible. Almost all the improvements that have been made to the effects and animations have been in service of ease of understanding.
@Irondragon1945
Жыл бұрын
"has not improved" is not the kind of compliment you want it to sound like though
@awestwood3955
Жыл бұрын
Has never needed to change. Numberphile videos are amazing!!!
@GynxShinx
Жыл бұрын
Brady has improved quite a bit, but the technical standards are about the same.
I love how genuinely excited Tony gets every time Brady chimed in. So fun to watch these two
I really liked this dude, he was much fun and very insightful.
Surprisingly the best explanation for elliptic curves inside
Parker magic square square needed
Tony is such an amazing communicator, hope he's on more
@asheep7797
3 ай бұрын
Geosquare, a perfect name for this video.
One of the best explainer you've had on this channel
@MrCheeze
Жыл бұрын
I agree, Tony explained it well and you can feel his enthusiasm.
@bootypopper420
11 ай бұрын
I had him as a professor in undergrad and he really is a great explainer! And his enthusiasm really comes across in his teaching, he's a really great professor :)
Tony Varilly-Alvarado was a legend in this video! I hope we see him again.
nice video. But there is a mistake in Sallows' Square, the diagonal that does not work does not add up to 9407 but instead it adds up to 38307
@quinn7894
Жыл бұрын
Bit of a Parker Square edit
@andrasszabo1570
Жыл бұрын
I caught that too. I instantly smelled that something was not right when I saw that supposedly the squares of the 3 biggest numbers add up to less than half of the magic number...
@yanhei9285
Жыл бұрын
@@andrasszabo1570 yea exactly thats why i noticed it😂
@tulliusexmisc2191
11 ай бұрын
Yes. 9409 is the number in the bottom right square, not the sum of the whole diagonal.
@Pablo360able
11 ай бұрын
parker parker square
I love how "(generously)" appears across the screen, roasting Matt further.
I really enjoyed how excited Tony got when Brady asked exactly the right leading question.
15:09 love the transparency and honesty in Tony's voice tone...
For the Bremner Square, the first number in the second row should be 360721 instead of 366721. (The brown paper was correct, but the animation was not.)
@M31-ZERO
10 ай бұрын
The “missing” diagonal in Sallow’s Square was also incorrect. Should be 38,307.
On the Bremner square - Andrew Bremner was my professor for both group theory and number theory, and he is a fantastic man and professor. I cannot believe he got a shoutout in a numberphile video, how wild!
This reminds me of the search for the perfect Euler brick: a cuboid which has integer sides, diagonals, and space diagonals. The problem can be solved if you relax ONE of the constraints...
@NilsBruin-ws8pv
11 ай бұрын
And rightly so! In fact, the article mentioned in the video has a very similar statement to make about the surface corresponding to the Euler brick.
16:39 16:41 Is everyone forgetting that the Parker Square doesn't lie on the Parker Surface? Since it doesn't fulfill all conditions (the sum on one diagonal doesn't equal the sum on the other and the rows and columns), and all points on the Parker surface do fulfill this criterion!
3:30 CHRIST that "(generously)" is so so brutal
Phenomenal video. Tony's storytelling was great (more of him please!), the animations helped visualize the story and the quality of Brady's questions is impressive as always!
"Paper IV - A New Hope" Lol that was a nice pun!
Very entertaining, and such depth. Would love to see this guy back again.
Awesome video. The explanations go so deep with no oversimplification and yet we are able to follow the discussion easily. I've been following this channel for many many years with great pleasure but this is actually one of my very favorite videos. It gave us such a good insight on what topics are actually interesting for mathematicians with such a good pedagogy. Thank you very much for bringing this to us.
Can we take a moment to appreciate his handwriting?
@backwashjoe7864
Жыл бұрын
Permission granted.
We went from tic tac toe to 8 dimensional planery
I still have my Parker Square t-shirt! After so many ears its exciting to see how far the Parker-Square has come! Always love to see updates on the magic square conundrum.
Really liked Tony, cheerful and fun to follow. Also, the animations are very well done, my compliments to the animator.
Love the enthusiasm! Excellent video!
I've seen this video twice now, and I must say that I loved Tony's energy and passion. I really hope to see more videos with him in the future!
The ending, which I will now call "A New Hope for Parker", strongly reminds me of the n-dimensional sphere packing problem, where some numbers of dimensions are "easy" and others are totally unknown "with current mathematical technology". Is '3' the only "hard" dimension, or are there others?
What a great teacher. I almost, kind of understood this one thanks to Tony. Good video!
I love this guy! Not only does he embrace Parker Lore, but he has nice blackpenredpen skills too! :)
What a pearl! I guess we have to start the Parker program to find all rational/elliptic curves in the Parker blob :-)
15:09 Brady's love for naming things never ceases to bring me joy
michael penn and numberphile both posting about magic squares?! this must be a miracle!
@wyboo2019
Жыл бұрын
maybe its magic
Much love for Tony, very clear explanations and clear excitement and passion for the subject. Matter of fact, he follows the rules of improv very well. The moment Brady offers a suggestion, he instantly affirms and rolls with it. Yes, we are setting up a monster equation, a set of them in fact. Yep, it's a Parker surface, and yes exactly it bumps up in dimension and becomes a Parker blob. Just nailing it.
Fantastic new guest on the channel! He has such amazing enthusiasm
20:43 I believe there was a minor typo, where the x-coordinate should be 2t/(t^2 + 1) (rather than have the extra ^2)
@olivierbegassat851
11 ай бұрын
Came to say the same : )
@backwashjoe7864
11 ай бұрын
Came to say the same :) Worked through the derivation to generate those rational points on the circle from values for t and found this.
@backwashjoe7864
11 ай бұрын
Just noticed that 2t^2 / (t^2 + 1) cannot be correct, without having to do a derivation. To create lines that intersect the circle at a third point, t > 1 or t t^2 + 1, meaning the x-coordinate is > 1, and the point would not be on the unit circle.
Very clear and interesting. Perfect balance between in-depth and vulgarisation.
Wow! This is instantly one of the best Numberphile videos ever, period
This is the best Numberphile video for a while. I'm so excited at 06:34 to know what happens next!
I didn't think that i will watch another long video on this topic from beginning to end, but Tony was so engaging and it was presented in such a clear and interesting way that i'm in for several more of such videos. Please?
18:47 thank you for this question! Exactly what I'd been thinking. PS, fun video format: I like how Tony is writing on paper, and we're (generally) seeing a tidier digital version of that paper, but can picture it being real
I've been pondering this problem for years ever since I learned about the Parker Square, and it's led me down some interesting rabbit holes like Pythagorean triples and modular arithmetic, but hearing about "blobs" is light years beyond anything I've considered about this problem
@Macrotrophy-mq3wh
Жыл бұрын
Cool
@idontwantahandlethough
11 ай бұрын
@@Macrotrophy-mq3wh why did you make this comment?
@want-diversecontent3887
7 ай бұрын
@@idontwantahandlethoughCool
Do you guys still remember the 301 views video of this channel?? That video still has 301 views and 3m or 4m+ likes stunning!
@Casowsky
Жыл бұрын
If I remember rightly I believe the reason was because youtube agreed to manually freeze it at 301 views as a special case in the spirit of the video (I have no real way of knowing if that is true or not, though)
Love this guy's energy. A total joy to watch!
No no no. A 2 dimensional surface that describes magic squares solutions? That's a magic carpet!
I'm so happy I watched this whole thing. Really great, thought provoking stuff.
That was a really cool video, this man is interesting, funny and very clear
I hope you realize that "Parker Surface" is going to become standard nomenclature. Or at least common lol. Because people will seek a way to refer to this surface, and they'll be like ... "well, like in that numberphile video, the Parker Surface" ... this is how terminology is born lol. It's like the semi-used thagomizer
@rennleitung_7
5 ай бұрын
@IanZainea As Parker squares are not elements of the surface, it would be more appropriate to call it a Non-Parker surface. Otherwise people could be confused.
@IanZainea1990
5 ай бұрын
@@rennleitung_7 fair! Lol
Great speaker! Very clear and amiable
I love that Brady never stops trolling Matt Parker.
I love the light switches inside the bookshelf. I guess they had so many books but no space left, that they just built a bookshelf with cutouts for the switches. I can't look away after seeing them
@mcv2178
11 ай бұрын
I do that, for outlets, Thermostats, ceiling fan switches - books always have right-of-way!
A great way to see the link between algebra and geometry. He's a great speaker.
We need more Tony on numberphile. He ca explain complex phenomenon with ease.
LOVE a Parker Square callback. Long live the Parker Square!
Excellent work, Brady!
I conclude from this that Parker-ness is a concept of great practical use in mathematics.
I really enjoyed this, and this guy was really easy to listen to, and made sense. More from him please.
Is this the first video with Tony? Lovely video!
what an emotional roller-coaster of mathematics! First you think, well proving there _isn't_ a 3x3 magic square of squares might be cool, but then you learn why having one would be way cooler, and it only gets better from that.
The 368 solutions where two of the numbers are the same, but where all the diagonals match, seems like the closest to a magic square of squares. I'd be interested to see one of those.
@jh-ec7si
11 ай бұрын
Yea it would be interesteing if they could get something out of those as it seems it would still be better than any of the example attempts there have been previously
@highviewbarbell
10 ай бұрын
Why are there 368 solutions? That seems like it would be actually infinitely many solutions? Is it just so far we've found 368?
@vicarion
10 ай бұрын
@@highviewbarbell In the video he says there are finitely many solutions. But there are more than 368, and they haven't determined the exact number.
@highviewbarbell
10 ай бұрын
@@vicarion just got to that part now, very interesting indeed, thanks
This is one of the clearest videos I've seen about a very abstract concept on this channel.
In relation to the last comment of the professor, I think it would be useful to point out that in general there cannot be an algorithm that say wether or not a polynomial (in several variable) has an integer solution. That is Matiiassevitch's theorem. Of course, for a specific polynomial we might find the answer.
I nearly spat out my drink at 3:31. Brady you are hilarious! 😂
Paper IV, .A New Hope! I love it. Nice touch.
This is why number theory is great, you can ask questions that feel like just about anybody can think of, yet they take math analogous to some of the math that pops up in string theory to actually get anywhere.
RIP the Parker Square
I was just thinking what sort of irrational set of points might be on the square then I just realised just the square roots of a normal magic square squared would love on this surface as a trivial example
@erwinmulder1338
Жыл бұрын
This is exactly what my first thought was too: If the allowed numbers can be square roots, a normal magic square is a magic square of square of squares indeed.
I love the way things happen on this channel.
Looking forward to the N-Dimensional Parker Blob shirt, honestly sounds like a pretty great rock band name.
Have any deeper searches for 4x4, 5x5 and so on square of squares been made? Would be interesting to see a few! Also magic cubes are known, is there a Parker cube?
I had always thought that a video explaining basic concepts of algebraic geometry to a lay audience was essentially impossible, but here we are. All thanks to the Parker Square.
Videos like these make me wanna try and write a program/script that would try and workout the numbers, and "solve" the Parkersquare.
Just had a carriage full of commuters give me a funny look as a burst out laughing to "Parker surface". Great video as always!
Very nice example of overdetermined problems
Living up north, I pick computer projects to do over the winter. A few years ago. I picked this one. I could not find any solutions where all the numbers are under 2^30. I encountered an issue with sqr() and sqrt() large integers. The interesting thing about the computational problem is you can start making assumptions that limit what you can test. (Hint, the largest number has to be in a corner, the smallest number is on a side, and the average is in the middle. Knowing this, you can quickly discard a large set of numbers!)
@fk319fk
11 ай бұрын
ok, my hint was not accurate, because it has been a few years. My point is there are assumptions that can be made. Just finding three squares where one is the average quickly limits your selections.
Tony is great at this!
I like how by now you can casually make statements like "this 6-dimensional surface is _obviously_ infinite".
I love Brady throwing shade to Matt instantly in this video
Incredible stuff
'parker square shirts are now available' was the best punchline I've ever seen on this channel
Great video, but I noticed a mistake. On 4:25, the Bremner Square shows a 366721 which should be a 360721. No one will probably read this, but I couldn't stop seeing it once I noticed.
Also the Christian Boyer paper linked seems to be only available behind a paywall, unless there's an arxiv or other link.
26:03 "But often finite can mean empty" Maybe it's the beer talking. but man that's funny
I think the Lang-Vojta Conjecture implies that there can't be a solution with all rational coordinates outside of the rational and elliptic curves, as once you have one such solution you can use it to define infinitely many such solutions through scaling.
@umbralreaver
11 ай бұрын
I came into the comments thinking exactly the same thing and hoping anyone else had noticed. I wonder if there will be a follow up to this!
Yay! An algebraic geometry video ❤
i like this guys enthusiasm
Is there coincidentally a subsequent video on the rational curves regarding pythagorean triples as well? (or any video on pythagorean triples for that matter?)
I didn’t realize how appropriate my choice of shirt was this morning.
There is nothing more satisfying witnessing history being written! 😎.
This was really interesting!
Love this channel
Why is the parker surface continuous and smooth? Is the surface "finite" in that it (for instance) can fit inside an arbitrarily large hypercube?
@ronindebeatrice
Жыл бұрын
The surface is infinite.
If you want to visualize this in 3 dimensions easily, you can. Any equation of the format X^2 + Y^2 + Z^2 = [some integer] is just a 3D case of the Pythagorean theorem. You're just measuring the distance between the origin and any point (X, Y, Z) where that distance happens to be an integer. Just write a simple algorithm to search all such points and list them out. Then remove permutations and cases with repeated numbers from the list. Then collect the results and sort them by size. Any distance that appears 8 or more times in the list is a candidate for a magic square sum target. Take the 8 different sums and see if they can be arranged into a square. They always can, but getting the diagonal to line up is the tricky part. A full demonstration of this is left as an exercise to the reader.