Part 2 - using the theorem to show some cool stuff: kzread.info/dash/bejne/oWeFpMmkgczFeKQ.html And a bit extra on inversion: kzread.info/dash/bejne/o6GaqKpqg9y-gJM.html

@PhilBoswell

4 жыл бұрын

I like the extra length, gives us more to chew on!

@HighMansx

4 жыл бұрын

Name typo! It's Zvezdelina Stankova, missing the 'Z'.

@kasajizo8963

4 жыл бұрын

Yo Numberphile we need some more Simon Pampena

@LindaRistevski

4 жыл бұрын

You made my day, Numberphile! Quality!

@qwertyuoip1234

4 жыл бұрын

Man, long shoot!

I love this host. She is incredibly eloquent, spends a lot of time on the proofs and introduces tricky concepts from Euclidean geometry (one of the most hated subjects) and make them surprisingly interesting and intuitive. More prof. Stankova, please!

@TheAradune

4 жыл бұрын

The only access i have to math is geometry. If there is a visual, it is more likely that i can understand it or at least get a grasp why it could be useful.

@mrk4022

4 жыл бұрын

It's hated right, but to some it's the most beautiful thing in the world. I love it.

@xpqr12345

4 жыл бұрын

I'm not that picky: as long as I get Numberphile videos, I'm happy. So just give me more Numberphile videos....

@marios1861

4 жыл бұрын

@@TheAradune when you stop trying to USE everything a new world will open up to you. and this is rich coming from an engineer lol.

@steamer1

4 жыл бұрын

Yes. More.

This reminds me of a joke: A cattle farmer hires an engineer, a physicist, and a mathematician to build a fence around his livestock. The farmer would like to save as much money on materials as possible so they each come up with their own solution and report to the farmer. The engineer draws up a square fence seeing that its the most practical solution and the easiest to implement. The physicist decides on a circular fence, saying that the circle offers the highest area-to-perimeter ratio. The mathematician builds a fence around himself and defines the outside as the interior.

@b.griffin317

4 жыл бұрын

oy vey!

@CraftQueenJr

4 жыл бұрын

This is like the red rubber ball joke.

@tlf4354

4 жыл бұрын

I'm an engineer, and I only want to say that the mathematician should be careful, if he stands right in the center of the fence he would be redefined as existing at the edge of the universe....And worse of all, i mean ALL the edge of the universe....

@icollectstories5702

4 жыл бұрын

And maybe safe from lions, too!

@victos-vertex

4 жыл бұрын

@@tlf4354 I think this isn't true. Not only did the mathematician - not - use an inversion but simply a redefinition, on top of that the ground of the earth is considered the plane he's working in, not the entirety of space as none of the stock doesn't live on the Earth. However the Earth can be considered a sphere and where do the lines projected from the center intersect then? Well they do so exactly on the opposite side of the globe. Let's assume the stock lives anywhere but the north pole and you want to build a fence around them. The mathematician could just go to the north pole, build a fence there and then declare everything inside that circle as the outside. If he however used an inversion then the center of the north pole would be exactly mapped to the center of the south pole. This is easy to imagine (and show) if you just take a tennis ball and put a ring on it. It shows that in case of a sphere what's inside or outside "of the circle" is pure definition as any circle divides the sphere into two areas of circular shape. A small circle around the north pole could just be a very big circle around the south pole.

Friendship ended with Pythagoras, Ptolemy is now my best friend

@Pyrostar0

4 жыл бұрын

I see what you did here

@lyrimetacurl0

4 жыл бұрын

Lol

@CalamityInAction

4 жыл бұрын

Pythagoras was a joke. He had a rational number cult, maybe had a fear of beans, and he didn’t even think of the Pythagorean theorem

@bsharpmajorscale

4 жыл бұрын

@@CalamityInAction Don't forget that time they killed the dude who proved that root 2 was irrational.

@asherrajah1832

4 жыл бұрын

@@bsharpmajorscale literally came from that video

Me clicking on this video: no way I’m watching 30 minutes of this Me 30 minutes later: I have reaped the benefits of this new knowledge

@lxathu

4 жыл бұрын

Indeed, I also had the fear of a long story BEFORE it started.

@collingwoodfan72

4 жыл бұрын

YES!!

@danielconnor8516

4 жыл бұрын

@Mr. H yes, but it's a nice way to be introduced to inversion. Like a new tool sitting there waiting for you to use it somehow.

@dayceem

4 жыл бұрын

Nope. 30 minutes in, it's apparent that I've flunked grade 3.

@thecallankids4718

Жыл бұрын

"I have reapdeffects" of this knowledge

What an amazingly engaging mathematics instructor. A couple minutes in and I'm hooked, a simple mapping to prove Pythagoras's pappy theorem? Yup.

Enthusiastic mathematicians are a delight to watch. Their passion and love for numbers just shines through.

@danielsantrikaphundo4517

4 жыл бұрын

I agree with on the first part; on the second part, remember math =/= numbers.

@fgc_rewind

4 жыл бұрын

math isnt about numbers

@mattiasselin4955

4 жыл бұрын

I love George R.R. Martin's love for letters

@peterroemer1

4 жыл бұрын

Amen!

@PC_Simo

Жыл бұрын

@@fgc_rewind If you think Math is about numbers, you probably think that Shakespeare is all about words. You probably think that dancing is all about shoes. You probably think that music is all about notes. 😃

As soon as she mentioned circle inversion I started getting flashbacks to a crazed Australian laughing maniacally surrounded by compasses

@alexismandelias

4 жыл бұрын

Ah that nice problem you solve by drawing 50 circles and inverting them all. Amazing

@shrinivasabhat4628

4 жыл бұрын

@@alexismandelias which problem?

@TrackpadProductions

4 жыл бұрын

@@shrinivasabhat4628 I think they're referring to the "Epic Circles" video.

@urble

4 жыл бұрын

@@TrackpadProductions man that video sure was epic

@anteconfig5391

4 жыл бұрын

@@urble ooh, that must be where I heard of this circle inversion thing.

We need more of this professor. Absolutely love how passionate she is and how she takes time to explain the concepts.

"You can see technical proofs using trigonometry. *Ew, who likes those* " _Sameeee_

@mrk4022

4 жыл бұрын

Trigonometry is not true geometry. It's even taught within algebra course.

@shantanunene4389

4 жыл бұрын

Synthetic is love

@aatmansupkar8747

4 жыл бұрын

This guy speaks wisdom.

@shantanunene4389

4 жыл бұрын

@@aatmansupkar8747 Hi

@aatmansupkar8747

4 жыл бұрын

@@shantanunene4389 Hii

Fabulous video. Can’t help thinking how wonderful it would be to be a student of hers.

@knugie

4 жыл бұрын

You are, now :-)

Her enthusiasm is honestly so catchy, she makes it sound like going on an adventure haha

Every single host on this channel is my favorite.

@centralprocessingunit2564

4 жыл бұрын

parker square > any theorem

@peterevans3310

3 жыл бұрын

I feel the same.

@omeraydinmike

3 жыл бұрын

so you don't like married hosts???

"The King that doesn't participate in the battle, but oversees everything" Wish my teacher made geometry this easy to understand.

@anilsinha4968

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah, some people love jargon more than the real stuff.

@SlingerDomb

4 жыл бұрын

Gotta admit that this subject is one of the hardest to teach. And it is the reason why we use algebra regularly.

@urieldaboamorte

3 жыл бұрын

@@anilsinha4968 would you like your teachers to speak in logical sentences instead of using natural language? let people learn in peace

@sandorrclegane2307

2 жыл бұрын

I really like this teacher here, but the line you chose to quote says absolutely nothing about geometry

*"I need another brown sheet"* -Stankova, 2020

@LindaRistevski

4 жыл бұрын

Might need this as a t-shirt 😂🙌

@kernoelnerd

4 жыл бұрын

Production costs for a Numberphile video starring Prof. Stankova are about twice as high as the ones with the other Numberphile stars.

@votepochitasupremacy9174

4 жыл бұрын

Stanky leg

@januszkubala9538

3 жыл бұрын

colorized

@kayleigh8069

2 жыл бұрын

@@votepochitasupremacy9174 HAHA

"Something a 3rd grader can do" *Finally, my skills can be used.*

Absolutely fantastic Zvezdelina! I was transfixed what an amazing proof. - I'm a 66 year old ex school teacher and I'm still learning! Thank-you.

Videos like these, going through an entire proof are the best!

This is one of the most worthy 40 minutes + additional 7 minutes for me. I'm so so happy right now.

@samimas4343

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah. It was like a thriller film where things are all around the place at first but they all come together nicely at the end.

I know it's a lot of work putting together these longer vids. So I just wanted to say that I enjoy them immensely, and thanks for all the effort you guys put in.

This is one of my favorite videos (with one of my favorite hosts!). I had a significant assignment last year in which inversion was one of the keys to start cracking the problem, so it has a special place in my heart, and I love projective notions peaking at each corner. The one thing missing, which is certainly a more complicated concept, is that the "twin" of O truly is infinity, with the idea that there is only one infinity-point. In that sense, an horizontal line for example, approaches the infinity-point by going to the right and by going to the left, so we must think as if by going to infinity in one direction, you wrap around and appear in the other direction. By this logic, a line can be seen as a circle that passes through the infinity-point, cause a circle is a shape by which you can approach one point by going either way, and you wrap around. This finally leads to one of my favorite quotes by Ahlfors: "The last result makes it clear that we should not [...] distinguish between circles and straight lines [...] Accordingly we shall agree to use the word circle in this wider sense.", meaning all lines are just special circles.

Ptolemy wins. MATHALITY!

@mrk4022

4 жыл бұрын

Easy to be right 500 years later. Pythagoras is still my favorite.

@geez6666

4 жыл бұрын

Lol

"Beg your pardon" it was at this point I snorted my mouth full of tea and nearly choked laughing

@rv706

4 жыл бұрын

Why? (I'm not a native English speaker, so I'm curious to know why; does it sound old fashioned?)

@urieldaboamorte

4 жыл бұрын

@@rv706 This expression is usually used when the other person is saying something ridiculous or outrageous. So, in this context, she was "overreacting" to someone complaining about the function.

@ubertoaster99

4 жыл бұрын

@@rv706 Yes.

@yimoawanardo

4 жыл бұрын

XDDD

@urieldaboamorte

4 жыл бұрын

@@ubertoaster99 I don't think it sounds old-fashioned, just overtly formal

This is one of the most beautiful and interesting math results I've ever seen, thank you prof Stankova for your incredible explanation and diagrams!

After the lion story, I kept hearing “lions” instead of “lines”.

Please make more of these longer proof-based videos

This is the first numberphile in a while where I don't feel completely lost. More of this professor please.

I really like the format of these videos, I feel like I just attended an entire math lesson and understood a cool concept in a half hour without all the quirks of being in a classroom environment. I’ve been using a lot of transformations in art programs to edit stuff (granted, I don’t have to do the math every time and it’s with colors and selections rather than circles and lines) but these concepts are definitely floating around in the back of my mind and it’s good to see them explained.

I really enjoyed this not simply for the classical geometry, a subject that is so delightful if taught well but for the sheer enjoyment conveyed by Zvezdelina Stankova. People are so lucky to be able to see this in their formative years., I wish I was seeing this 50 years ago.

I just love professor Zvezdelina Stankova - her voice, her eyes and of course her math. :)

@StefanReich

4 жыл бұрын

Not a fan

@CaslavNorisavljevic

4 жыл бұрын

My favorite professor too

@dudhauwhejrnrk

4 жыл бұрын

OK creep.

@steffen5121

4 жыл бұрын

@@dudhauwhejrnrk Don't act like you have no weaknesses.

I wish there were more videos with her! She's my favourite mathematician

Brady's Inversion: The frequency of a recurring guest's appearance is inversely proportional to the editing time that guest causes for Brady.

@ipudisciple

4 жыл бұрын

It therefore follows that every guest needs the same amount of editing time per year.

@jeremymcadam7400

4 жыл бұрын

@@ipudisciple we've come full circle

@anusheelsolanki1

3 жыл бұрын

For a moment I thought, thats some new mathematical theorem, I didn't know about

Great video, Zvezdelina is one of my most favourite guests so far! _(They’re all good though)_ We even got to see the WR for the any% paper change!

Professor Stankova is tied with Cliff Stoll as my favorite Numberphile presenter, so I was extremely happy to see this video show up today! She always seems to blow my mind and didn't disappoint with her explanation of Ptolemy's Theorem. I feel like I was done a disservice by my 8th grade geometry class which made no mention of it whatsoever

This is the best Numberphile video. Love the elegant geometrical proofs of classic geometry theorems.

Me: comes to Numberphile to learn interesting things about math Also me: learns that the 'P' is silent only because I'm lazy at english

@OlliWilkman

4 жыл бұрын

The 'P' in Ptolemy and pterodactyl etc. is silent in English, but it's pronounced in the original Greek, and most other languages that borrow it. A lot of Greek has been simplified for English for some reason; Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy… instead of Platon, Aristoteles, Ptolemaios which would be closer to the original.

@Ezullof

4 жыл бұрын

Linguistic evolution is mostly driven by lazyness and fashion anyway

@ChristopherMeadors

4 жыл бұрын

Also, spiral winged aircraft are called helico-pter.

@GirGir183

4 жыл бұрын

you mean helico-ter?

@frechjo

4 жыл бұрын

Phonotactics.

Благодаря Ви, проф. Станкова, за невероятната страст и чудесни обяснения :)

@improve_zew1er356

Жыл бұрын

ты понимешь по англиский? я не понял на англ, а на русском да)

“Trigonometry blehhh who likes those?” Gotta agree with that when it comes from a mathematician !!😂

@sanelprtenjaca9776

4 жыл бұрын

Tottaly!

@mal2ksc

4 жыл бұрын

I raised my hand. I *like* trigonometry and still use it on a daily basis, although I generally do this by using only angles which have tidy sines and cosines, like 45 or 60 degrees.

Thank you, Zvezdelina! Even bigger fan of Ptolemy after your matchup. Thank you Numberphile for filming. I have been watching for years. This is now in my top 3 favs!

this is the BEST way to learn and LOVE geometry. brady should be THE minister of education around the globe PS: i love you stankova

@mr.johnson3844

4 жыл бұрын

Unfortunately, if all education was implemented this way, there would be a lot of gaps. Understanding the basics sometimes requires tedium and that's unavoidable.

@lxathu

4 жыл бұрын

He kinda is already. And he has also one shared proof. He, along with a lot like him, proved that however far away from school, people are thirsty for science. Not all, but a respectable amount.

Today I learned inversion is not elephantness invariant.

@stephenhicks826

4 жыл бұрын

Love this comment!

@ipudisciple

4 жыл бұрын

Technically, you learned that elephantness is not inversion invariant. The grammar is like "length is rotation invariant" or "angle is scale invariant". I'll show myself out.

@hindigente

4 жыл бұрын

@@ipudisciple I stand corrected.

I could listen to Professor Stankova for hours. There's something fascinating about the way she explains mathematics. Brady, you have to include her in more videos, please!

I love this woman, she has so much knowledge and passion. I wish I had a teacher like her.

The circle that goes through the center could be thought of as becoming a circle on the outside that just happens to be infinitely big, if there is an infinitely big circle then it’s edge would appear as a line, related to how translation could be thought of as rotation around a point infinitely far away.

@seijirou302

4 жыл бұрын

This is how it's explained in the other inversion video linked in the description. That one is my favorite numberphile video of all time.

@skurbanvintr0

3 жыл бұрын

think you !!!

@skurbanvintr0

3 жыл бұрын

facts I was thinking the same !

Ptolemy: “Hello.” Pythagoras: “Father!?”

@SubtleForces

3 жыл бұрын

In reality, it went: Ptolemy: " I am your father"

C'mon Brady. After so long Professor Zvezdelina Stankova is so enthusiastic she herself wants a part 2. I like her explanations and allegories and geometry. It's a pleasure to watch Numberphile. And thanks for holding up that heavy camera for so long!~

An amazing journey- excellent explanation, animation and editing!

@numberphile

4 жыл бұрын

thanks

I bless the rays down in Africa

@gregoryfenn1462

4 жыл бұрын

Roger The Shrubber I see what you did there

@sillysausage4549

3 жыл бұрын

Rains.

@ckb1137

3 жыл бұрын

@@sillysausage4549 I think you may have missed the joke

@Grizzly01

3 жыл бұрын

@@sillysausage4549 No, it is now rays. Official.

I’m not literate at math by any means, but this is the best explanation for why Pythagoras Theorum works.. it’s ultra intuitive and beautiful!!

At 4:05 I almost became a 5 year getting a chocolate I was bit extra excited than I should've been. But that was neat

@mrk4022

4 жыл бұрын

Why weren't you sleeping at 4:05, Zinedine? Joke, loved that little bit too but so much more was yet to come!

We appreciate all the hard work Brady!!! This one was a real treat :)

Love these longer videos with Professor Stankova's proofs! Would love to see even more.

Wow! What a brilliant brilliant teacher!

Man, what a journey! It was all brilliantly explained too. Thanks a lot, Professor Stankova, I learned a lot!

The thing that blows me away is that there is an equal number of points inside and outside the circle.

@wash3141

3 жыл бұрын

Isn't that GREAT!

@JSole-bd1zg

3 жыл бұрын

You are right (as long as we ignore the center, which maps to infinite points in the infinity! ;)

@irrelevant_noob

3 жыл бұрын

GodlessPhilosopher i feel you'd be even MORE blown away by the fact that there are an "equal" number of points in the plane as in a small segment. ;-)

This is the reason we all get superexcited about new Numberphile videos. Increadably well done!👏👏👏

I remember the time I discussed inversion mapping with my friends this excitedly after a complex analysis class😍 Thanks for reminding!

Inversion sounds like the guy in jail claiming he is free and it is everyone outside that is imprisoned lol

@pythagorasaurusrex9853

4 жыл бұрын

That's why mathematicians have no problems in jail. Definition: I am outside.

Thank you so much prof Stankova. That was quite an epic ride. Looking forward to parts 2 and 3.

I appreciate Bradys work on putting out such an interesting video. You can notice how much effort was put into it, with all those animations on a nearly 40 minute video. Thanks

Yes! The woman with the strange accent transforms elephants!

@jeremymcadam7400

4 жыл бұрын

into Aladdins shoe no less

Very nice bit on the theorem. There was a time where I found out about Ptolemys Theorem or should I say Ptolemys inequality which is the version that works for all quadrilaterals. I was obsessed with finding a simple geometric proof of it, but most proofs were too complicated for me. I also saw the inversion one but I deemed it too complicated too, there were too many formulas in the end. After days of not finding one, I gave up. But then one day inspiration hit me and I created what I think is the most simple and elegant proof of not only Ptolemys theorem but Ptolemys inequality which ist stronger. There will probably be a post on reddit and I will post pictures there but here is the idea: Ptolemys inequality: For any quadrilateral with side lengths a,b,c,d and diagonals e and f it holds: ac + bd >= ef with equality iff the quadrilateral is cyclic (Ptolemys Theorem). Proof idea: Take the quadrilateral and copy it 3 times. Scale one version by a factor of a, another by b and the last one by e or f (depending on which diagonal is inbetween a and b). Now the first version has a diagonal of length af, and the second has on with length bf, while the third has the adjacent sides with length af and bf. Now just sneek in the third version into the first and second the right way, and a triangle with side lengths ac, bd and ef will reveal itself. Now it‘s just triangle inequality. qed

@FerousFolly

4 жыл бұрын

This is kinda cool actually

@quadrannilator

4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much for sharing this particular inversion technique! It is really simple and elegant and obvious to a third grader!

@supermarc

4 жыл бұрын

Let me know when you have some pictures!

@ipudisciple

4 жыл бұрын

That's a very neat proof. Thank you.

This video is sooo good. I was tempted to stop it half way through and find all the proofs on my own because I've never had the chance to play around with inversion of circles but I couldn't help myself. You're real people video style is so good. You guys are doing awesome work.

Brilliant proof and a brilliant presenter to boot. Contagious enthusiasm and a wonderful way of putting the maths into its geometric context.

I love listening to this teacher.

@Sanjay-ub7eq

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah me too!

This is one of the most beautiful proofs I've seen in a while, thanks!

This is beautiful. Proving such a valuable and highly encompassing theorem already. Incredible

Thank you Zvezdelina Stankova for a magnificent performance as educator. Totally elegant and effective. Just WOW. and thanks to all Numberphile staff.

She’s an excellent storyteller and this presentation is captivating! Very nice.

I had known about the inversion and the Ptolemy's theorem as two separate pieces of knowledge. Very pleasant to see how they are connected 👍

No doubt the most intriguing, well-paced, and elegant Numberphile video I've yet come across.

love this hosts passion, great drawings, great intro to the topic!! and the longer video format are so much better. please more Zvezdelina Stankova

Brady seems to be able to bring out the best in these mathematicians.

@basteagui

4 жыл бұрын

he's got child like wonder. child like everything to be honest.

This was expertly explained, every single point was clear, and I every revelation or new trick helping with the problem at hand felt natural. Amazing job.

Wow. Not an easy concept to understand, explained extremely well and obviously edited together very well. I’m sure this was a lot of work but so worth it! Huge fan of this one

videos like this and Epic Circles are endlessly rewatchable, I love these beautiful constructions so much

When you're so early and the video's so long that it is guaranteed that anyone who has commented, liked, and disliked, has not watched the entire video yet

@hiimapop7755

4 жыл бұрын

True

@ouaisok

4 жыл бұрын

How can that sentence be true uhmm

@GeorgePlaten

4 жыл бұрын

@@ouaisok project a ray through it, construct the tangent and drop a perpendicular - all will be revealed...

@ouaisok

4 жыл бұрын

@@GeorgePlaten ohh it all makes sense is that the true power of inversion?

@skyscraperfan

4 жыл бұрын

I wonder what the watch speed of most people is. I think more than 1.25 X is quite difficult.

36:52 "It was that easy." Lol, great video; watched the whole thing and it was worth the wait!

There's a beautiful sense of wonder and discovery that highlights the joy of problem solving. I find myself coming back to this video again and again. In the realm of pedagogy, Dr. Stankova's methods are masterful.

I love this. My professor tried to explain this idea to the class but I feel like it all flew over everyones heads. I had no idea what invcersion was and now it all makes sense. Thank you so much!

"Thank the lord!" 33:26 laughed hard lol

I love Zvezda 🙂

I think these longer videos with interesting and useful proofs are better than a shorter video just about an interesting math fact

Stankova‘s presentation of Ptolemy‘s theorem is superb.

love Leibniz' cast face in the background

@GeorgePlaten

4 жыл бұрын

And one of Cliff Stoll's Klein bottles!

@MrQbee87

4 жыл бұрын

Leibniz in carbonite.

@FranFerioli

4 жыл бұрын

Looks like Leibniz is following the proof.

@frobeniusfg

4 жыл бұрын

@@FranFerioli Leibniz approofs )

@SubtleForces

3 жыл бұрын

@@MrQbee87 I had to literally laugh out loud in my Montreal apartment since I had just made another reply about Ptolemy saying "I am your father" to Pythagoras and a comment about the bust myself. I'd be stealing from another commenter by saying we have come full circle.

The people demands more videos of Zvezdelina

Really liked the detail on this episode. Prof Stankova is very engaging and does a great job of identifying the places that a bit of reinforcement will be useful to understanding.Thank you.

This is genuinely so mesmerizing. I've just been sat here listening and I love it.

Zvezda is always such a delight!

Loved it, kept me glued to the screen the whole time

Really liked that video, long format and complete proof. Prof is very pleasant to listen to !

What a fantastic host. I was wondering why you were complaining about editing it all until I finished and saw it was 38 minutes. She taught so well, so clearly, and so interestingly that I barely noticed that much time had passed

She's my favorite person on this channel

Can we get a interview/podcast episode with professor Stankova, please?

One of the best proof videos on this channel. Thank you!

Delightful and thoughtful explanations, and engaging delivery. Thanks so much!

This is the most awesome Numberphile video in a long time! Because of the elegant proof, prof. Stankova's engaging and likeable personality and the humour in the video. Prof.: Now we can prove Ptolemy's theorem. Brady: THANK DEAR LORD!

She explains things so well, love it

Thank you Brady for all the hard work you've done behind the camera.

I'm absolutely transfixed, mesmerized, and loving this presentation.... My new favorite math tutor. Thanks great presentation