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@beepboop204

Жыл бұрын

🙂

@andras8911

Жыл бұрын

Ego sum Regiae Nobilitatis Hungariae Transylvaniee⚜️ Nobilis eques Regis Hunyadi Janos. MMM hominem raptor ordo pugnavi per me. I pugna diaboli ⚔️ Ego pugnabo leonem ⚔️ Im publice #1 Eques Historia Mundi ⚔️

@Coincidence_Theorist

Жыл бұрын

3:26 history hit. Aka HIS Story Hit. Its a hit on history man. An attack out Furthur subversion. The deception CONtinues

@Coincidence_Theorist

Жыл бұрын

@@andras8911 the lion 🦑🐐⚜️🐙nautilus. Hydra. 7:15 the rider and horse were one creature. Hence the headless knight. Think octopus. The headless horseman. There body is the head. Think a blemie 9:02 take note of the dress like legs. This is tentacles.

@Coincidence_Theorist

Жыл бұрын

11:48 notice again the hanging “fabric “

One popular theory I've heard for the surcoats' origins in the crusades was as a way of stopping your maille from heating up as much in the sun. Having re-enacted wearing a maille shirt in the Aussie sun, I can confirm the surcoat did make a difference.

@sebastianriemer1777

Жыл бұрын

Makes sense. Heatstroke was and is a big issue for armored men.

@harrisonwilkinson4986

Жыл бұрын

As a former reenactor I love how we basically conduct experimental archaeology at most of our events.

@AggelosKyriou

Жыл бұрын

The surcoat copies the idea of the Eastern Roman epilorikon (=literally means "over-armor") which was used to avoid overheating under the sun and rust when raining.

@wolfzwizdom

Жыл бұрын

Just my theory on the surcoat, mail is the type of thing you couldn't take off in the field, on top of protecting the mail from direct sunlight in hot conditions and protectiong from corrosion. The most important part IMHO would be visible concealment, something that's been mentioned in various roman texts.

@Blade_291

Жыл бұрын

@MainTank Vsible concealment is very important. However, adding a cross to it so you could walk around and wordlessly shout "DEUS VULT" is far more important. You no longer have to wreck your voice shouting till battle time :p

"A Templar Knight is truly a fearless knight, and secure on every side, for his soul is protected by the armour of faith, just as his body is protected by the armour of steel. He is thus doubly armed, and need fear neither demons nor men."

@arthurchadwell9267

Жыл бұрын

Booyah!

@Matt_Alaric

Жыл бұрын

What's this from?

@krzysztofzpucka7220

Жыл бұрын

@@Matt_Alaric De Laude Novae Militae - In Praise of the New Knighthood by Bernard of Clairvaux Chapter One - A WORD OF EXHORTATION FOR THE KNIGHTS OF THE TEMPLE

@Matt_Alaric

Жыл бұрын

@@krzysztofzpucka7220 Awesome.

@hyperfocus4866

6 ай бұрын

🙏🏼♥️

That was excellent Matt. Could you do a similar dive into the arms and armour of the Islamic equivalent of knights of this period? I can honestly say that I would love to know more about this subject. 👍

@SuperOtter13

Жыл бұрын

I would like to see that very much

@requiscatinpace7392

Жыл бұрын

Great idea!

@davefletch3063

Жыл бұрын

I third that suggestion

@thescholar-general5975

Жыл бұрын

I would also like to see a video on the islamic arms and armor of the same period

@azramano

Жыл бұрын

Yes, please!

Something fun about the Knights Templar is that they still exist today. The ones who survived the purge escaped to Portugal and changed their name to the Order of Christ in 1319. They were secularized in 1789, briefly disbanded in 1910 and revived in 1917. Their Grand Master is the president of Portugal.

So you are saying they had cutting edge swords .... got you

@vvt7825

Жыл бұрын

And right to the point

@bobstitzenberger1834

Жыл бұрын

Very rigid swords, for good penetration

@paradoxworkshop4659

Жыл бұрын

Cutting edge armour. Finely fitted swords, and bespoke pole arms, and the most modern of horses, and the very tackiest of horse furnishings.

@guyloren

Жыл бұрын

Groan...🤦🏼‍♂️😆

Yes, the knee defenses were critical for adventurers; no one wanted to be the "then I took an arrow to the knee" guy.

@bigdaddydons6241

Жыл бұрын

I mean, imagine just how bad that would be? You're probably gonna be limping for the rest of your life after that, and that's best case scenario

@moonlightning8269

Ай бұрын

Thought it was funny that voiceline is used by guards who work long shifts standing in place and walking on patrols

Current mood: knight fighting another knight while their horses hug in the background

I enjoyed this 'timeline progression' format of discussion. I'd enjoy more content like this of other time periods, or other countries. Thank you.

@grbdevnull5611

Жыл бұрын

The book "Arms and Armour of the Medieval Knight" by David Edge and John Miles Paddock does a great job of doing a century by century breakdown like this. It isn't focused on any one group, but does try to point out regional trends. The last that I knew, the book was still out of print, but I think prices have come down quite a bit (at one time it was going for $100+ and now seems available for about $15 or slightly less).

Great video again Matt. I think you would love The Palace Armoury in Malta. This is a Knights Hospitaller museum/ arms & armour collection stored in a palace. Maltese military history is fascinating as it has been strategically important for centuries and has had a great variety of different military bodies connected with it.

@wylde_hunter

Жыл бұрын

@@thegleeman7535 Thanks for that update.

@scholagladiatoria

Жыл бұрын

Thanks Wylde - yes in fact I have been to Malta and loved it. We'll go back again soon, I hope.

@drzob3860

Жыл бұрын

​@@scholagladiatoria It would be really interesting if you were to go into more depth about the Rule of the Templars which goes into quite a lot of detail about what arms and armour a knight Templar should have as well as sergeants and squires. Also what it bans is interesting because it shows what ordinary knights were using: "Moreover, a covering may not be had on shields, spears, scabbards, and lances because these things are understood not as a benefit but rather as a detriment to us all."

History Hit is a sponsor made in heaven for Matt. HH make great content, more traditional TV style historical videos but they are really good. Wonder if Matt will ever colab with them

I love these thorough "piece by piece" analysis of X warriors on X century. I think these are my favorite kind of videos of yours, Matt!

Just a thought I had while listening on what the purpose of the surcoat was. Maybe it was to help keep the knights cooler. I imagine a loose white sheet basically covering all their armor would to reflect the intense sun they would have been in. Wearing metal armor in hot intense sun would probably cook a man. Their armor directly in sunlight would probably be untouchable hot. Like any metal sitting in the sun on a hot day.

Interesting as always! Hope you're working on another history video like Flodden, I really enjoy those.

I know it's not completely historically accurate movie, but one of my favorites..."Iron Clad".

Great video. The knightly orders were always fascinating Would love to see a video on the knights hospitaller during their stay on Rhodes. What changes were made to accommodate ship born combat?

Super appreciated, especially from a fanboy of great helms such as myself. I'm sorry for the full plate fans, but boy, templars look so badass!

Wonderful video, Matt! I very much enjoyed learning more about the Templars.

I’d like to see a video about the weapons of the Nizari Ismaili assassins. We’re their daggers curved or straight? Etc. Thank you for another great video.

@23Mijk

Жыл бұрын

Great idea! I’d love to see that too

Great stuff Matt 👏 thanks for sharing with us

A super interesting insight! I would love to see more videos like this about specific warrior groups...maybe some deep dive videos too? Thanks!

The tabards and sir coats were implemented to stop armour from heating up in the sun for Templar’s.

@andrewkelly6828

Жыл бұрын

Was about to comment the same, that's what I read somewhere as well.

This is a video I needed, but never realized that I needed it. I love this video - great topic that I hope you can find a way to revisit somehow down the line.

They may not have added greaves over mail leggings for knights very early, but historically don't greaves by themselves go back to antiquity? Like Greek hoplites?

Wow. It's amazing how the Great Helm is so closely associated with the Crusades and the Templars yet it wasn't developed / used until the Third Crusade. Replica helmets are usually called "Crusader Helmet".

I really like your historical views, thanks for that! A surcoat also hides where the gaps or weak spots in your armour are, so can't be targeted directly as such, also keeps blood, bodyfluids and other dirt from your mail and armour, nothing as bad as trying washing bloodclots out of mail and other intricate armour parts. Buff leather was a very thick and tough type of leather, not boiled but treated so that it is tough against cuts, arrows etc. The buffcoat is a 16th century heritage of that. Leather is underestimated in archeology and history simply because so little remains of it if at all.

Very enjoyable and informative. Thank you Matt.

Great vid. A video on the various knightly orders would kickass. More of the history of the orders than just the arms and armour. This video has me thinking how far away did the various order draw their members from their order's place of origin. Yes I should serve prison time for that last sentence. Maybe a collaboration with Meteron, Shad, Lindybeige and Skall...Tod? Anyways just a thought. 😀

Excellent video. A lot of work went into this. Thank you. 👏

This format if video if the evolution of a very specific group of people is extremely interesting. Hope you can apply it to other kind of warriors or groups. If not by military order maybe geographical or other parameter that lets you focus like you did here

Awesome video! Really cleared up my misconception about great helms an templars!

Great video! Thank you Matt!

Kettle hats were also an important knightly helmet during the later crusades in the middle east and through into the late 15th century. I imagine that the templars would have made exstensive use of them.

Alright last one, I swear. A vid of nothing but looking at artwork and effigies depicting arms and armor and talking about them would be awesome. Maybe drag in some other experts to discuss? I remember seeing the Black Prince’s effigy on his tomb for the first time and what an impression (figuratively bot literally) it left on me with the detail of his armor. I thought it was so cool- I think I poked around it for like half an hour. I definitely got some weird looks. Lol.

That was very good. Another topic that could work in this general format/structure would be the Border Reivers. There's a developmental timeline, it is not overly covered on YT and is a fascinating period of history.

Great work as usual. I would like to hear you explain it a little differently sometime. You approach the subject as weapons and armor of the knights. I am interested to hear it explained as - the knight’s choice of weapon against his opponents armor/weapon. And the knight’s armor development against his opponents weapons. I think one source mentions that he (the Templar) should have a Turkish mace. I’m not sure but I think this is a round mace and not flanged. Your thoughts?

That was a great video. I would love to see more like it.

Nice video Matt! Question, what about the use of falchions compared to arming swords? The art you showed doesn't feature them regularly

Cérveilière, you brought it up at the end, literally means "brain-plate". Thank you as always Matt.

Jolly useful, TY Ol' Bean. 👍

I don't know if you already did an episode about it. But I would love to see you cover the difference and abilities of the small sword VS its sibling the Colichemarde.

Excellent video. Thanks.

enjoyed this - be interesting to see you review some osprey type books or bronze age kits of different periods and regions - i remember your bearded dragon vid but what is in the tanks on your shelf behind you? vid enjoyable as always

I love watching your vids and then diving headlong into the historical rabbithole. Should be more videos about applications of leather armor in the mideval era as apposed to the romanticized images we get in movies and tv.

14:14 aww the horses are hugging.

@robo5013

Жыл бұрын

Or dancing.

Brilliant video sir.

One of your best vids! Gratis.

The main weakness of knight templars was the fact that did not know anything about Skallagrim and his KZread channel, and thus were unaware that spears are much better than swords. According to Skallagrim, that is. ;-)

Great vid. Interesting to see the Kettle Hat helm in such early artwork. I always thought of it as more of a late 14th and 15th Century helmet, but here it is in early to mid 13th Century Artwork. It’s one of my favorite helmets, and especially interesting as it even influenced (dare I say developed into?) the British helmet of WWI and WWII. Maybe you could do a vid on it some time?

Oh man you've opened the gates now you have to continue this format and do many more warrior loadouts

I've got that book on my nightstand right now, excellent read.

really enjoined this armor and history lesson

Fascinating - great vid.

It's my understanding that daggers were around in this earlier period, it's just that they had a negative association. They were considered the weapons of assassins, murderers, and people who relied on sneakiness. As such, they were not viewed as honorable arms for a knight. However, as you stated, Matt, the innovations in armor made it increasingly difficult for the dagger's effectiveness on the battlefield to be overlooked! Also, even though the classic quillon dagger wasn't yet being carried in a military context, there were dagger-like weapons in the earlier Middle Ages, specifically, the scramsamx (my own made-up word for the seax/scramasax😁).

@Macorian

Жыл бұрын

I had similar thoughts. I agree the dagger was viewed as an un-knightly weapon. The church also had a word in this. Daggers are indeed deadly. The church equally tried to ban crossbows... and apparently axes/maces. Maybe better armour lead to them being (re-) introduced. In the picture at around min. 26 the ppl using daggers are of course without armour. Daggers used to be an important part of military outfit - the Roman legionary always wore one...

@andreweden9405

Жыл бұрын

@@Macorian , Indeed, the Pugio! Julius Caesar could tell you a thing or two... or three, or four, or five, etc., about those!😁

14:20 (yes also shown a bit earlier) but that is a really amusing picture with the angry horses fighting just like their masters 🙂

I’ve loved the Knights Templar since I was a kid. Really cool history, and if what I’ve heard is true they got done real dirty at the end by the French king and the pope. Pretty horrifying actually

@jimmybobby4824

Жыл бұрын

The pope attempted to stop the fall of the templars..

The horses at 14:20. Wow, just wow

I remember seeing illustrations of knights in the 1200s with square pieces of wood or leather attached to the upper arm with cords. I was a kid then and I still don't know if the rectangles are supposed to be decorative or protective but they appear for a very short time and then just disappear in the early 1300s. I can't seem to find these illustrations nowadays (I only found modern ones a few years back) and I'm not sure anymore if I just hallucinated them or if they were actually a thing during the crusades. This was a great video and fun topic! You mentioned Christians being allowed to use Muslim weapons and this now has me intrigued as to what kinds of arms the church considered Muslim weapons back in the day. Would love to see videos on Islamic golden age arms, armor and culture someday.

@grbdevnull5611

Жыл бұрын

I think you might be referring to ailettes which were attached at the shoulder. If so, they are a very late 13th - early 14th century item as you indicated and I have not encountered any source willing to do more than speculate on their purpose. If you are referring to besegues/besagews (which "hang" below the shoulder to protect the armpit), those seem to have lasted longer and be universally accepted as armour to fill the gap in the armpit.

@phatfencer1746

Жыл бұрын

@@grbdevnull5611 after a quick googling i think i was referring to the ailettes. Never knew that term so now i have something to work with. Thanks!

The only theory I can think of for going from cone - round - to square helmet would be if your dealing with cavalry men or a horsed opponent and your on foot then if they swing at your head the blow won’t glance off into your shoulder. That’s about all I got.

I don't know why I'm so fond of maille? Obviously plate is superior, but I still love it 🤷🏻‍♂️

@Sirsethtaggart3505

Жыл бұрын

I actually where it for work, as I find it's more concealable and covers more area than a normal vest. (Especially the armpits and crutch areas).

Well, a dose of Schola Gladiatoria is a good way to start the day.

Man this vid has me thinking of so many things. I feel like a lot of people think of knights in mail much more maneuverable than knight in plate, a concept that I think a lot of fantasy fames probably also propagate. But when you think about all the layers a knight in mail wore- take the head for example, a padded cloth coif, mail coif, cervelliere, and great helm, or all the layers on the torso of clothing, gambeson, chain, coat of plates, tunic all belted together- it makes me wonder if the later suit of armor, that at first glance may seem heavier and more cumbersome, may actually have been more comfortable and lighter feeling to wear due to how the weight was distributed. Another future vid idea? ok, I’ll leave you alone now. Unless something else comes to ming in the last 3 mins of the vid. Lol

It's fascinating seeing how many elements from medieval Roman panoply slowly found their way into knightly arms.

@AggelosKyriou

Жыл бұрын

The surcoat for one copies the idea of the Eastern Roman epilorikon (=literally means "over-armor") which was used to avoid overheating under the sun and rust when raining. the coat of plates/brigantine developed out of the scale armor used in the East Mediterranean. Eastern roman lamellar used rivets for attachment of the plates to horizontal belts and may have also played a part in this process. The fact that the Norman Kingdom of Sicily and South Italy kept the preexisting Eastern Roman and Arab administration running means that the technology and infrastructure to produce such items became known in the west.

@shorewall

Жыл бұрын

@@AggelosKyriou Definitely. And I think the Crusades also helped popularize more eastern tech.

Absolutely loved this video mate.atb paddy

Maces being a cutting edge technology is surprising on a least a couple of levels! =)

I am german, living in state Baden-Württemberg. When in 1525 Highmaster / Hochmeister of Teutonic Order decided, to transform Prussia from a catholic Order State into an ordinary noble duchy ( a vassal state of polish kingdom), the , German Master' / Deutschmeister of Teutonic Order decided, to use the new title ,Hoch- und Deutschmeister ' ( high and german master) , and ruled only the remaining territories in HRE. Then Bad Mergentheim became Capital of Teutonic Order. In 1809 Napoleon abandonned Teutonic Order. In Bad Mergentheim, the Castle is Museum of Teutonic Order. There is a sword, used by , Teutonic Knights ' of 19th century. Teutonic Order still exists, but last knight died 1971.

@dondevice8182

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for this! I’m quite weak on this. Of German history, and no less than I would like to about the Teutonic Knights.

Surcoats most likely became common out of either fashion or to make it easier to know what side someone was fighting for on the battlefield. If everyone simply has mail covered gambisons in melee combat, it would be easy to end up fighting against someone on your own side.

@DornishVintage

Жыл бұрын

I mean, that is true to this day. How to tell friend from foe? Strap some coloured tape around your arm and helmet...

17:25 are those horses meant to be: A) fighting B) hugging C) dancing Or D) the artist had a weird equine fixation and it’s about to get r-rated?

Clicked on this one instantly LOL "The Templars" is a great book. Umberto Eco wrote about them a lot too.

@realhorrorshow8547

Жыл бұрын

In _Foucault's Pendulum_ when a group of academic/vanity publishers decide to create a fake "secret history" they draw up a set of rules. Rule one is: "The Templars have something to do with everything."

@darkmattergamesofficial

Жыл бұрын

@@realhorrorshow8547 And maybe they do? ;)

there's a video on tod's workshop where they test mail over padding and padding over mail and theres a significant difference in protection between the two arrangements with mail under the padding offering better piecing protection. it wouldn't surprise me if the surcoat was constructed with this in mind

Good video thanks ⚔️

I need to read more. Fascinating as we go from Post-Roman rule into Byzantine rule, the rise of the Carolingian rule armor is dominated by mail. In the span of but a century it seems, the Norman Conqueror set off a domino effect that caused a armor race that doesn’t end till rifles suddenly make it all obsolete

Very cool! Teutonic Knights next? 👀

As some who has worn armor in the sun...I think the tabard fabric covering is there simply to keep the sun off your armor. It helps.....I've experienced it myself first hand. Plus it looks cool.

what were those horses doing hugging hahahahaha

My understanding with daggers is that they were used to stand small exposed areas not protected by armor like armpits, eyes, or neck, etc. also that because knights now were so heavily armored it was hard for them to get up if getting knocked down and while being knocked down they could be taken out with a dagger.

Wow! The knights templar have been getting a lot of love lately.

That was utterly fascinating, It's of course futile to hope that some Hollywood film makers or BBC producers would listen and learn and look at the examples you showed. Anyway, I wish we had "History Hour with Matt" when I was at school, I'd not have yawned and slept through so many hours.

@TheNEOverse

Жыл бұрын

I mean if you really tried to put the knights as they really were into a movie, people would cry about how plain they look lol. Especially Deus Vult memers that think its all greathelms and red crosses. Like seriously, just look at the In the Name of Jerusalem 2 mod for Bannerlord. The Crusaders look very much like what Matt says and you got people crying because everyone looks too colourful and there aren't enough greathelms.

Matt I'm wondering how swords on horseback were used during that time against heavily armoured opponents ?

The plate on the chest for jousting comment made me realize I've only ever seen that depicted in the age of plate. Were folks jousting before that? If so, just using mail? Ouch. Might be a good idea for a video! How, if at all, jousting armor influenced battlefield armor. And vice versa.

@jimmybobby4824

Жыл бұрын

They usually aimed for the shield in the earlier period

@lscibor

Жыл бұрын

They were indeed jousting in mail, and there was something called "jousting mail" ( hauberc de joute ) as opposed to battle mail. Sadly not much detail about what it was, exactly, and how the mails differed.

It would be interesting to see (if you've not done it already) a similar format video on the arms and armour of the Saxon/ Viking period (5th-11th century say) as a counter to the absolute drivel that you see in most period films and TV series. The Vikingpunk costumes do wind me up a bit : )

I see you said the face plate ends up growing and going around the back, but if you look at the tapestry bit you showed in this video you can see a mounted soldier with a nasal helm with plates hanging off the back like samurai helms. So it may have grown from the back to the front face plates. Did you notice that on the tapestry Matt ?

@shorewall

Жыл бұрын

Yeah, that's how I would think of it. Even the Romans had neck coverings and cheek pieces. A fighter can see in front to dodge, but you would want armor to protect your back.

Well articulated history of a period of development that is often fictionally perverted. One addition to the discussion would be a discussion of the ability of craftsmen to produce sheets of useable Iron and mild steel. The first benefit would be for head protection and later for other areas. The history of ferrous metals during the period could be traced in part by the development of large workshops and the use of water power to assist in production.

is it possible that it was common to wear a surcoat over your coat of plates in order to make it harder for your opponent to aim for a gap in the plates?

Love it when Lucy pulls a yukky face.

1:40 Happens every time. You start fighting and your horses break the mood with a hug.

Please do a video talking about the others knightly orders.

I thought that the surcoat was introduced to help keep the sun off of the metal armor, which helps keep the heat down when fighting in a sunny place like the Middle East.

@scholagladiatoria

Жыл бұрын

Some books say that, but it's based on zero evidence. Simply one historian repeating what they read another one write. Surcoats appeared in Europe very early on, probably before any special adaptations had been made for crusading yet. It is more likely they were to keep rain off the mail than sun. Sun on mail is not a problem.

History hit sponsorship? Nice! I hope this means you get to collaborate with them.

Am I the only one who had a Whiterun guard speaking in their head while Matt talked about leg protection?

The shield and helm went flat for the same reason sleeves went long. They had more money. Thus, being more likely to fight from horses and less likely to fight against them, they weren't so likely to be hit on top of the head. Notice the common enemies of the knights held onto the pointed helm longer because they were likely to get hit from on high. Also, western knights liked flailing weapons.

Very interesting video (Especially since I'm writing a medieval-fantasy and I've decided that the tech level for arms and armors is (along with a few culturally explained exceptions) set around the end of the XIIIth century. As an aside: 29:10 I was wondering what was "Kuh-Bully" haha. Just a little tip, it might be easier to pronounce if one keeps in mind that "Bouilli" (boiled) is pronounced Boo-Yee. I'll be indulgent of course on the pronunciation of the word "cuir" (leather) as it has two of the bane of the englishmen when trying to speak french, the U and the R. :P

@kampar82

9 ай бұрын

I don't speak french, I'm interested in finding out if there is a difference between rawhide and leather in french? Rawhide from ox would be crazy stiff. Just like the Japanese leather armor is mostly rawhide.

@maaderllin

9 ай бұрын

@@kampar82 Not really. It could be called "cuir brut", but there is "cuir" and there is "peau" (pronounced poh). Peau can mean "hide", "pelt" or "skin". Cuir is mostly leather, but it can also refer to "hide".

Hi quick question I noticed you said that the swords carried in the early/post Norman period where basic arming style swords would Falchions also be carried?

Can you do a video on the Knights Hospitaller?

Great educational video, as always- I've got to ask because I see a new terrarium, but what have you got in them? I've got everything from scorpions to chameleons myself, so I've been curious about the first one for awhile

@scholagladiatoria

Жыл бұрын

A thistle mantis in the heated one, and a mourning gecko and various isopods and springtails in the other.

@xion1629

Жыл бұрын

@@scholagladiatoria Awesome. Mantids are wicked little things, and happen to be my favorite kind of insect. Thistles and orchids are among the top for appearance, in my opinion. They do make interesting/entertaining pets and can be surprisingly intelligent, I just wish they had better longevity. I highly recommend trying an African or Chinese (giant Asian) mantis next, assuming you haven't already and they're legal to own over there. Anyway, thanks for the response! Cheers.

The fully decked out Templar riding on armored war horses are a magnificent and exquisitely terrifying vision.💯

The frech rule of the templar order States that the craftsmen can have turkish maces which should be bought for them. For shoulder armor they maybe had ailettes, they seem to appear somewhere around 1250. For the order its not safe to say.

That was interesting. 👍😊

The Hospitaler Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (of Rhodes and of Malta) was founded in the year 1113 under the Papal Bull of Pope Paschal "Pie Postulatio Voluntatis". It was the first of the Hospitaler Orders predating the Franciscans by over a hundred years. Its first charism was that of Obsequium Pauperum (Service to the Poor) and the second charism Tuitio Fidei (Defense of the Faith)came into effect around 1136. It was an error to say that the Hospitalers were founded in 1098.

21:13 "I used to be a Crusader like you, then I took an arrow in the knee"