Try my other Japanese pastas: Mentaiko Pasta: kzread.info/dash/bejne/pIeslNGuYcu0hs4.html Mushroom Butter Shoyu: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gWR32NuhmJCnXbQ.html Uni Pasta: kzread.info/dash/bejne/rHt4xKhwn7mzeJM.html

i watched this tutorial bc i just finished the jdrama “first love” (that i really REALLY recommend) and it transmitted to me the “comfort food” vibe of spaghetti napolitan so well that even if i’m italian i will still be making this pasta! also in our pasta al pomodoro (tomato sauce) i like to add some sugar to the sauce so i think the ketchup won’t be that bad… and i love ketchup! i will give it a try this week😋

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome to the channel! This is very much a comfort food here that reminds a lot of people of their childhood. Thanks for approaching it with an open mind, and I hope you enjoy it!

@EGWL93

Жыл бұрын

Yes!! I couldn't resist seeing how Yae visited the spaghetti shop slurping away the Napolitan!! And that's when I tell myself I'm gonna learn and cook it!!

A great recipe! I Made this for my 5yr old using Bucatini instead of spaghetti and it was a great hit! Easy, quick, and filling - everything a single dad needs!

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

I'm glad to hear they enjoyed it!

Made these several times already. Saw them on a Netflix Show Samurai Gourmet and they are awesome ! Some Tabasco or hot sauce and parmesan on top 😮‍💨 Really really nice pasta ! :3

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Happy to hear it Kevin! That's another show on my list of things I have to watch (along with finishing Midnight Diner and starting Food Wars). Thanks for taking the time to leave a comment!

@dr.darkness94

2 жыл бұрын

both Samurai Gourmet and Midnight Diner is best japanese show in Netflix

Wow i love the lighting! It's so refreshing

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

Great video Marc! I love simple pasta dishes. I'm most vegetarian, but because I'm also part Italian I may try this with some pancetta. Mangia! 👌🏽😋

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Lynn! I think this could be made vegetarian by sautéing some flavorful mushrooms (like porcini or shiitake) with a good amount of salt (to mimic the bacon) and then adding it in towards the end with the pasta.

Going to make this today!! Very delicious 😊

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! I hope you enjoyed it!

This looks delicious! Must try it!

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you Michelle!

This looks amazing chef!! You always nail the presentation!!! And I’m sure it tastes amazing but I’m one of those people who eat with their eyes 😂😂😂

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Ray!

I think I’m going to have to try this one! Looks delish 😋😋

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Hope you enjoy it!

@b.dec.8006

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes I made it and it was super delish and no fuss :) thank you for the idea!

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

@@b.dec.8006 I'm glad to hear you enjoyed it! Thanks so much for taking the time to report back😀

I'm half Italian and I love this recipe I made it for myself once and it's just just so delicious. Don't worry I'm not offended.

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Hahaha thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it!

I like to top this with some shredded/grated parm 😊 thanks for sharing recipe. Made it tonight.

and now im cravingsss

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Hope you get a chance to try it out!

Thank you so much I hope to see you soon as possible Thank you again 😊

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

You're welcome!😀

Good video Mark, keep up the good work :)

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Anthony!

I'm making this tonight!

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

I hope you enjoy it Mary!

Thanks for the video. Another variation I can try. The one i usually make calls for Worcestershire sauce instead of soy sauce.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

You're welcome Liza! Ketchup is pretty tangy already which is why I go with soy sauce, but I bet the umami and spices in Worcestershire work great as well!

Ohhh looking delicious 😋

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Thank you!

This was one of my favorite dishes when I lived in Japan for 2 years

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Hope this is able to bring back some good memories for you😀

Tomorrow is my mom's Bday and she always said I wasn't capable of doing anything in the kitchen but tomorrow I will show her my talents by making this for her :3 . I saw this spaghetti in an anime and I was really interested in making it! Anyways thanks for the recipe!!! (love from a 14 year old kid!)

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Good luck, I hope she enjoys it! I'm here to help if you need it.

Just checked out after learning Harumichi Namiki's favorite food is 'Naporitan' in First Love.

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Looks like you're not the only one😄

The production of these videos are so nice. Easy to follow and the visuals are GREAT. ❤️❤️❤️

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you Trini! Welcome to the channel!

My mom made this at least twice for me at my request, and I enjoyed it so much!

@NoRecipes

10 ай бұрын

Happy to hear you've been enjoying this!

nice bro thanks for sharing

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

Last week i visit fuji mountain st. I order this menu , and now i go to thailand i miss spaghetti from jp ❤so yummy❤ “ oishi”

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

I hope you have a chance to make it at home!

Thanks i like it

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome!

Harumichi Namiki and Yae Noguchi brought me here. 😂💞❄

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome!

I just had to learn about this after watch First Love. Wish to try this soon. 😅

@NoRecipes

11 ай бұрын

It's a popular nostalgic dish from people's childhood here in Japan. I hope you enjoy it!

Favorite♡♡♡

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

😄

Sono italiana e questa ricetta la adoro, è buonissima 🤤

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Grazie!

I ll try today. Wish i luck 😆

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Good luck!

I swear my mom used to make this with fried hotdogs for me and my sister. It was sooo good.

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Hi Sirrell, I'm not sure where your mom is from, but serving this with mini hotdogs (cocktail sausages) is very common in Japan. It's a mainstay of kid's menus at restaurants.

@sirrellphillips6509

2 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes My mom is from Okinawa. I was born there in Naha but raised in the states.

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

@@sirrellphillips6509 That makes sense. Hope you're able to give this a try and revive some childhood memories😀

I miss eating that back in Japan

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Now you can make it 😉

@jencasey9095

3 жыл бұрын

No Recipes I will let you know how it came out.

Yum 😋

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks😄

want to make one since I watched the First Love series

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Hope you have a chance to try it out!

Let’s hope no italians will find this video

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

😅

@robertoness142

3 жыл бұрын

I’m italian and love fusion, people should dare and be free to be creative

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

@@robertoness142 Thanks for understanding !

@mrfixitishere

10 ай бұрын

And me here wanting to send this to Vincenzo's plate

@samirshaqqour-8052

10 ай бұрын

Too late. Lionfield found a Bayashi video and watched it. They said "not approved" because of the ketchup.

Pastabilities is going into my vocabulary

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

😄👍🏽

I always saw this spaghetti on many animes. Never did I realize that it uses ketchup for for the base. I thought it was tomato paste or regular can tomato sauce. Well it still looks good 👍 I’m going to make it!

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Glad I could demystify it! This dish was a product of the US occupation of Japan after the war (ketchup and pasta were readily available).

You gave it a try! Yay😂

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

I did, and I actually don't mind the ketchup if there's no additional sugar added to it like most places do.

@graceagatha5610

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes I’ll try using soy sauce next time, usually using chunou sauce but idk why, maybe my palate change, or they change the ingredients because i found out tonkatsu & chunou sauce now taste only like black sugar, i read some articles how they use dates as main ingredients but after pandemic dates are hard to get, i don’t exactly know what happened but i feel they changed the solutions.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

@@graceagatha5610 Ketchup has a lot of acidity and sweetness already which was why I went with soy sauce. That's interesting about the chunou sauce, which brand do you use?

@graceagatha5610

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes It’s the usual bull dog brand, but i found some other brands that comes with bento(forgot the name) also tastes like black sugar, i don’t trust my palate that much nowadays though, i was on medication few months ago but now I’m better they still taste like black sugar. So maybe it’s just me😅

@graceagatha5610

3 жыл бұрын

My husband, which doesn’t have sensitive palate even said the tastes is different now, so idk, it’s just a two people point of ‘taste’😂

I didn't learn this recipe from this channel. But have made this dish. Ketchup is a hell of a spaghetti sauce. Surprisingly. One of the best spaghetti recipe i've tried.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

It does have a lot of bang for the buck. 😆

thank u for teaching me

@NoRecipes

5 ай бұрын

You're welcome!

What ketchup do you use? It looks so much thicker and much more red than nearly anything I've ever seen and looks so good for this

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Hi Johnathan, I either make my own, or I use this brand: www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/dp/B01N48IZSA/ can't remember which I used for this recipe.

@Leonlonglegs

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes thank you!

Im here bcoz of FIRST LOVE in netflix😊😍 Feb 22,23..2 times i watch it so inlove

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Such a great show!

Made this today. It was so good. I did cut down on the ketchup

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

I'm glad to hear you enjoyed it Sue!

@davidedalterio4979

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes Instead of Ketchup, is it possible to use regular Tomato Sauce? From a 100% Italian viewer who might do the craziest thing in his life.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidedalterio4979 You could, but this recipe relies on the spices, salt, sugar and acidity in the ketchup to season the sauce. If you use tomato sauce you're going to need to add other ingredients or it's going to taste pretty bland. If you're worried about it, you may be better of sticking with a more traditional Italian pasta 😉 If you want to try a Japanese style pasta, look for my "butter shoyu" pasta which should hopefully be less controversial😆

@davidedalterio4979

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes I'll look it, thank you! Eventually, though, do you think it would help to mix Tomato Sauce with salt, sugar and a bit of chili pepper?

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidedalterio4979 😆That will work, but you'll also probably want to add some tomato paste as well as some cloves. The pasta in Japan is not spicy, so you can add chili pepper if that's your preference, but it's not necessary.

This looks like the Filipino Spaghetti minus the sweetness. Would love to try and make this. PS. First Love brought me here. Hehe

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

It's very similar to Filipino Spaghetti. I don't like mine too sweet so I don't add any extra sugar (beyond what's already in the ketchup), but it's pretty common to add extra sugar to make it even sweeter.

@kangjhha

Жыл бұрын

ketchups pretty much sugar in a bottle with red coloring..😅

growing up, my grandmother would add ketchup to her spaghetti. It was the best ever 😋

@NoRecipes

11 ай бұрын

Thanks for sharing!

Watching this was like going to the dentist. You just don't know discomfort trigger will come next! Okay, sort of half-joking, but having grown up in a Japanese community in northern NJ, I remember having ketchup added to various meals at my friends' family dinners and feeling confused by the taste. I only recently learned the merit of ketchup as useful ingredient so many great dishes, including yakisoba and many Jamaican curries. So, I had to watch this. I was thinking I might actually give this a try, but if it tastes anything like omu rice, I'll have to pass. :)

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

😆 I guess it all depends on how much you like ketchup. This is kind of like the noodle version of omurice so if you're not a fan of that, you may want to skip this one.

Superrrrrrrrr

Nice. Can you substitute bacon with beef or sausage?

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Yep!

wow didnt know japan also has this vegie spaghetty, tho with less vegies

I make this all the time now because its so simple and so good and family loves it. How does your turn out so red in color though? Is it the ketchup brand I buy the cheapest brand 😂

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad to hear you and your family have been enjoying it. I use this ketchup: www.hikarishokuhin.co.jp/product_tomato.html#syouhin3 which has a more concentrated flavor and color than your typical Heinz. The color could also be from the slightly blue color grade I apply to my videos (it makes reds and greens appear a little more vibrant).

@xxshadowsagexx5473

2 жыл бұрын

Hey Marc thanks for the response ill be on the lookout for it next time i stop by my asian market. I love japanese food but I find that most tends to be very technical but your recipes are well explained and simple to follow. Keep up the good work

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

@@xxshadowsagexx5473 You're welcome! As for Japanese food, it tends to be pretty simple (in terms of the number of ingredients), but I know some of the ingredients can be difficult to find abroad, and the techniques can be unfamiliar. That's why I try and focus on the preparation techniques while using ingredients that are more widely available (or offering substitutions) when it won't change the soul of the dish (some ingredients you have to have otherwise it becomes something different).

Can you use regular tomato ketchup or Japanese ketchup?

@kathcares

2 ай бұрын

Hi! You can use any kind of ketchup you like. I'm a fan of Del Monte. If you love ketchup, you're gonna love this! And it's so easy to make. Omurice is great, too. I often make the ketchup fried rice without the eggs. kzread.info/dash/bejne/m4OEqNyckqrUYpc.html

@NoRecipes

2 ай бұрын

Japanese ketchup is not so different from Heinz Ketchup (if that's what you mean by "regular ketchup").

Im here because of First Love netflix , napolitan is Harumichi’s favorite dishes on that film😂

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome to the channel Meily!

I'm here after watching koi desu:yankee_kun to hakujou garu

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome!

What can be used as a pork product replacement?

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Hi Zoutheina, you could use any cured meat or sausage, or if you want to make this vegetarian, you could sauté some flavorful mushrooms (such as shiitake or porcini) with salt and add them in at the very end.

@hannekehartkoorn5987

3 жыл бұрын

I've used marinated tofu in this dish.

@zoutheinaabbas1003

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes thank you!

@zoutheinaabbas1003

3 жыл бұрын

@@hannekehartkoorn5987 thank you!

may i know what kechup you used on this one?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

It's an organic one called Hikari Tomato Ketchup, but you're probably not going to find it unless you live in Japan. Heinz ketchup will work fine.

@dannah3602

Жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes thank you! btw, i am in japan right now. i am excited to make one!

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

@@dannah3602 In that case, I highly recommend Hikari, it comes in a glass bottle and it's delicious! I hope you enjoy this😄

Quite similar with Pinoy style spag except that we add on sugar for a sweeter taste, hotdogs and ground pork.

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Yes it is very similar to Jollibee spaghetti

what is the brand of the ketchup used?

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

It's a small brand here in Japan called Hikari Tomato Ketchup.

What kinda ketchup are we using, American sweetened or traditional german?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

It's I use a Japanese brand, but it is fairly close to American ketchup, but maybe slightly less sweet.

@ozy6252

Жыл бұрын

Thankyou

@ozy6252

Жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes would heinz ketchup work?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

@@ozy6252 It should

Hi! What type of ketchup did you use? I bet tomato ketchup?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Yep, tomato ketchup.

👍👍👍👍

This thought just occurred to me why not cut the sausages like the octopus that are in Bento

@NoRecipes

10 ай бұрын

I’ve seen it done in kids meals. Would be fun for sure!

DO you use Japanese soy sauce or just any?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

I recommend using Japanese soy sauce as it's what I developed the recipe with. You could substitute other types of soy sauce but you will likely need to adjust the proportions of various ingredients to make up for the difference in taste and salinity.

After watching “first love” I suddenly came here to how to make Japanese spaghetti. 🤣🤣😅

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

😄I think you're not alone but welcome!

replace the bacon with ground beef and add some hotdogs and you got a Filipino style spaghetti.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

Interesting! I'll have to try that out sometime.

@yoboya384

2 жыл бұрын

Lol And the Super Sweet Banana Ketchup 🤣

first the thought of ketchup as a sauce base made me wince, but this ketchup looks much thicker and darker than the ketchup sold where i live. does japan just have really nice, low-processed ketchup or something?!

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

I get your reaction, but at the end of the day, ketchup is just boiled down tomatoes with vinegar, sugar and spices, so it can be a good shortcut to add a lot of flavor. Napolitan definitely has a sweet taste that's not going to be everyone's cup of tea, but I often add a bit of ketchup to other tomato sauce dishes especially when I'm using cheap canned tomatoes that don't have a good balance of sweetness and acidity. As for the ketchup I used, it's a small batch brand that doesn't have a lot of unnecessary ingredients but it doesn't taste all that different from a more generic mass market one (it's just thicker and tastes more concentrated).

@funnyfroggiealert1816

2 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes aaah, that makes sense. though i think i would like ketchup a lot better in general if it was a bit thicker. so this looks pretty good either way! the bright red color is certainly appetizing

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

@@funnyfroggiealert1816 I used to make my own ketchup for that very reason. Might be worth looking into if you don't have access to a bottled one you like.

Come here after watch japanese netflix series first love… his fav food napolitan

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for dropping by!

Who's here after watching the anime restaurant to another world?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Thats a new one for me, I'll have to check it out!

Ooh.. it's similar to our spaghetti a cheap spaghetti, instead of tomato sauce they use ketchup.. Napolitan spaghetti is more appealing...

I’m here because of samurai gourmet 😂

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome!

@TheJokerMan2

Жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes 🙇‍♂️

Netflix "First Love" series brought me here...

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

Welcome David!

Speed to 1.75x

I have been living in Japan since 1981. I already known about Japanese Napolitan Spagheti.

That's a LOT of ketchup! I think I would take that sauce and smother a bunch of french fries with it.

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

😆Yes it is. To be honest, I really hated this dish when I first moved to Japan because most places add extra sugar (beyond what's already in the ketchup) which makes it way too sweet. But with just the ketchup and the salty bacon/sausage, it's a nice juxtaposition between sweet, sour and savory.

@kathcares

3 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes You haven't let me down so far, so I'm gonna try this. My daughter is the Ketchup Queen; she eats ketchup on everything. That is, everything that she will actually eat. I can convince her to try it because it's a No Recipes dish. She really gets excited when I cook recipes from your site. I have found so many things there that she loves. I'm really grateful for the resource. Of course, I find lots of great recipes to cook for me, too!

Had that when I lived in Japan. Never sat right with me. Tastes good. But. Just. To sweet, and wrong!

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

The ones sold in restaurants are intolerably sweet because they add sugar (in addition to the sugar already in the ketchup). I've avoided adding any extra sugar in this one, but it's still on the sweet side. Not everyone's cup of tea😉

I am going to cook this recipe with barilla penne and barilla neopolitana sauce. Do i need to add salt in the vegetables while i saute them ?

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

I'm not familiar with barilla neopolitana sauce. My suggestion would be to make the recipe as is once so you know what it's supposed to taste like and then you can improvise with other ingredients.

英語と日本語の字幕付きだったら助かります

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

I'm sorry about that🙇🏻‍♂️ I would like to include Japanese translations, but unfortunately I can't write Japanese. Hopefully someday I can hire someone to do this.

Why do I keep hearing smoke alarms

@NoRecipes

3 жыл бұрын

That's my stove. I can turn off the voice so it doesn't speak, but I can't turn off the beeps.

japanese ketchup is too sweet for my liking. i guess this is where jollibee's came from. jollibee's uses banana ketchup, star anise, cloves and some tomato paste.

Yes quite cringe for italians. I might try it but without ketchup and butter 😀

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

I think the trick is to think of it as a Japanese food 😆 I.e. a tomato based yakisoba, and it starts to make more sense.

imagine making sushi with a marmalade... just to give you an idea...

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Honestly I’ve seen worse and if someone wants to get creative with marmalade and sushi and a whole country of people have been enjoying it for almost a century, then I say go for it. Gatekeeping stops innovation in food.

@whatafuname

2 жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes there are some things you do not mix... and ketchup... definitely big NO... at least make your own tomato sauce. Anyways... innovation with sense is one thing... putting ingredients together is something different...

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

@@whatafuname For context, this is not a dish I created, in fact I don't even like it very much (too sweet for my tastes). But Japanese people as a whole tend to like this dish because of the nostalgic value it has. I made a more tolerable version of it (most recipes call for extra sugar), because it's been requested many times. The dish was developed in post-war Japan using rations from American GI's Tomato sauce just was not available here at the time. We obviously have proper Italian restaurants here now and can buy passata from Italy, but this has became a part of Japanese culinary history. This is not unlike how in many countries you have sushi that doesn't resemble anything we eat here in Japan alongside more authentic types of sushi. Personally I find it super interesting the ways chefs have adapted the cuisine based on local available ingredients and to suit local tastes. Clearly you're not so open minded.

Nella pasta non va il ketchup Non si scrive l'italia invano Provate a mettere un po di salsa di pomodoro al posto del ketchup

@NoRecipes

2 жыл бұрын

Hi Simone, this isn't meant to be an Italian pasta. It's how pasta was made in Japan before they knew better. These days it's possible to get a more authentic pasta dish here, but this has become a local dish. It's not unlike most sushi found abroad doesn't exist in Japan but people around the world have made it their own using ingredients available locally. These days you can get more authentic sushi in many places but you still see the local variants as well. Whether you agree with it or not, this is how food evolves as it moves around the world.

Wash your mushrooms!

@NoRecipes

Жыл бұрын

That's not a great idea as they will soak up water like a sponge, which prevents them from browning. Most mushrooms these days are produced indoors in a controlled environment so you just need to remove any growing medium clinging to them.

@beck645

Жыл бұрын

@@NoRecipes You know it is nauseating that countless people like you perpetuate this age old myth and teach it as if its actually true. ITS NONSENSE. THINK for a change. FIRST a mushroom is already 90 percent water. Duh. Take a bunch of mushrooms. WEIGH them. You do have a gram scale right? Cut them in half and wash them completely. Shake off the water. Now weight them again. Virtually no change in weight. Case closed. Heston Blumenthal debunked this garbage years ago. I certainly hope you have heard of Heston. Michelin star chef. Owner of the Fat Duck? Voted greatest restaurant in the world I believe for two years. How is your restaurant doing? He still has a short video up about this. kzread.infoYx6yxfC00Es STOP this freaking stupid myth. I wash every mushroom and have done so for decades. Shake off the water and cook with them normally with great browning. I hope you are smart enough not to throw them into the pan soaking wet. Got paper towels to dry off the excess? I do. STOP THE DUMBEST MYTH IN COOKING. Mushrooms CAN be dirty and SHOULD always be washed. End this stupid myth NOW.