Seeing a doctor in physics wearing a "Periodic Table of Minecraft" shirt is just hilarious, lmao

@TheRealHelvetica

3 жыл бұрын

구 Felix. I like how whoever designed the shirt put *beta in the asterisk at the bottom as if they knew Minecraft was going to have more blocks.

@cherrydragon3120

3 жыл бұрын

Lol yeah

@cherrydragon3120

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheRealHelvetica i mean minecraft is so open for new stuff, it was from the start obvious the options are limitless. And as proven. Tons of new blocks been added over the years

@draelon

3 жыл бұрын

Seems normal to me... I worked in Industrial Hygiene and we had signs for "Warning: Dihydrogen Monoxide" at all our water sources....

0:54 I tip my hat to video editor for highlighting Matt's right side when he's "close to the star". You're true pro, sir/madam.

@Dro210

3 жыл бұрын

I went back and had to check that out after I read your comment that’s some attention to detail there ain’t it! @Franko

@deepfriedsammich

3 жыл бұрын

It's not "his" right side; it's his left side, on the right side of the screen with respect to the audience. Details. :)

@DrSardonicus

3 жыл бұрын

@@deepfriedsammich thank you. This bothered me too.

@fffUUUUUU

3 жыл бұрын

@@deepfriedsammich you bet your wife that video wasn't flipped around vertical axis during editing? Sh!teater

@fffUUUUUU

3 жыл бұрын

@@Dro210 thank you, appreciated )

Congrats Matt! "Lehman Associate Professor Matthew O’Dowd was awarded a five-year, $2.94 million grant by Schmidt Futures to study the structure and evolution of the universe, black holes, quasars and dark energy"

@jondunmore4268

3 жыл бұрын

Wow! Now THAT is awesome! A smart person actually given an opportunity in this shitty country.

@sylvain7277

3 жыл бұрын

I'd spend 5 years partying and then write 42 on an A4 sheet

@ikaros4203

2 жыл бұрын

@@sylvain7277 based

@SahilP2648

2 жыл бұрын

@@ikaros4203 god damn you rick rolled me as soon as I clicked on your profile picture xD and then those 2 big eyes stared back at me as I sat there wondering what had I just done to deserve this. Nice profile pic though.

@mastershooter64

2 жыл бұрын

source pleasee

This man is a hero: wearing a Minecraft periodic table shirt while referencing the silmarillion and segwaying into stellar physics.

@gandalf_thegrey

Жыл бұрын

That's exactly the combination why I'm here ngl

"They're fireflies! Fireflies that, uh... got stuck up on that big bluish-black thing." "Oh, gee. I always thought they were balls of gas burning billions of miles away." "Pumbaa, with you, everything's gas."

@DiracComb.7585

3 жыл бұрын

In a way, he’s right, since solids and liquids are just thermally compressed gas, and plasma is thermally heated gas (don’t @ me with the many other states of matter, those don’t exist in great quantities in nature)

@gregoryfenn1462

3 жыл бұрын

@@DiracComb.7585 I think that was the point lol

@bananaforscale1283

3 жыл бұрын

He got burning wrong

@jamesbentonticer4706

3 жыл бұрын

@@DiracComb.7585 there are a lot of neutron stars and while dwarfs out there and they are not one of the four main phases of matter

@zemoxian

3 жыл бұрын

James Benton Ticer Isn’t that why he said don’t @ him?

Fun fact: the first person to postulate that the other stars are heavenly objects like the Sun, rather than just shiny dots fixed on the heavens was Aristarchus of Samos (3rd century BC). He was also the first to propose the heliocentric model, but his peers mostly rejected the idea because they posited that if the Earth revolved around the Sun, the background stars whould change positions (parallax). Aristarchus' counterargument was that they were too bloody far away for a measurable effect on parallax to be observed. Since you need a telescope to observe a parallax angle, he was right. He was also the first to try and measure the distance to the Moon and the size of the Moon (with results very close to their actual values), using the newly calculated circumference of the Earth, which Eratosthenes measured just a couple of years prior. He then used those measurements to try and find the distance to the Sun and its size. It turns out though that it's impossible to do that measurement with the naked eye, and so he calculated the Sun to be just 20 times bigger than the Moon and 20 times farther away. In reality it's more like 400 times as distant and 400 times as big as the Moon.

@ratamacue0320

3 жыл бұрын

That's more than one fact.

@hellegennes

3 жыл бұрын

@@ratamacue0320 Hmm... ok. Fun blabbering. No that's an oxymoron. Just blabber I guess, then. :)

@ratamacue0320

3 жыл бұрын

@@hellegennes fun facts. Plural. 😋

@jonnieinbangkok

3 жыл бұрын

Actually it was some unknown to history woman in Greece.

@derinderinderinderin2

3 жыл бұрын

the sun is WAY bigger than 400 times the moon.

Imagine being a stellar core photon, travelling for ten thousand years to the surface of the star, only to be halted at the last possible instant by an unfortunately placed atom. Of course, if you really were a photon, you wouldn’t notice those ten thousand years passing you by, so I guess it’s not as devastating as it sounds to us time-locked entities. Edit: spelling

@ericdew2021

3 жыл бұрын

The story of the life of my sperm. Except it's not an unfortunately placed atom at the end, but some latex. :-)

@badnamebro

3 жыл бұрын

time doesn't actually pass for a photon the trip would be over instantly

@qwerty_and_azerty

3 жыл бұрын

Alex jones did you not see my second paragraph?

@TragoudistrosMPH

3 жыл бұрын

Photons are just trying to escape their families :P

@kylethompson1379

3 жыл бұрын

true, though due to their speed, if we take general relativity in the limit, it seems photons would experience neither distance nor time. The life of the universe, from their perspective, would be over in an instant.

Kudos for emphasizing contributions from women in physics who have historically gone under-acknowledged.

@DrJams

2 жыл бұрын

Playing the woman card I see

@limiv5272

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrJams Playing the "lets give some respect to the very few women who made significant contributions to science despite society doing everything in its power to hinder diminish and ridicule them at every turn just for having a vagina" card, actually

@RafitoOoO

2 жыл бұрын

I had never heard of her or the indian guy that published the ionization stuff. Really cool.

Cecilia Payne Annie Jump Cannon Henrietta Swan Leavitt Lisa Meitner Rosalind Franklin And many more. Thank you. You deserved more.

Gotta love the Silmarillion version, tho

@fighteer1

3 жыл бұрын

Matt had me at 0:10.

@lostpockets2227

3 жыл бұрын

3:10 to Yuma

@Ualava44

3 жыл бұрын

Just made the video for me. Love it

@kierafurneaux3172

3 жыл бұрын

A fruit carried by a hot goddess?

@problemsolver3254

3 жыл бұрын

Bruh 🤣

A photon checks into a hotel. The bellhop asks, “Can I help you with your luggage?” The photon replies, “I don’t have any. I’m traveling light!”

@TheGuruStud

3 жыл бұрын

get out

@AlbertaGeek

3 жыл бұрын

Good one, dad.

@danjones4432

3 жыл бұрын

Ffs you can see yourself out now

@garethdean6382

3 жыл бұрын

Of course, they can stay where they want for free, if you're a photon you're never charged.

@bruhe8895

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheGuruStud the door is over there.

Fun fact: Helium was discovered on the sun before it was discovered on Earth.

@MasterChakra7

3 жыл бұрын

At least end your statement with "which is why it was called helium, because helios means sun". ^^

@LordSplittawig

3 жыл бұрын

@@MasterChakra7, yes, that's a fun fact. Even more fascinating are the things that have been found in Uranus, though.

@cherrydragon3120

3 жыл бұрын

@@LordSplittawig ah yes, lots of gasses are measured from Uranus~ Yes that was a fart joke

@draelon

3 жыл бұрын

I feel sorry for the guy or gal that went there and discovered it.

10:32 I really thought this was the time you say "Space Time". You really got me off guard with this one.

@feynstein1004

3 жыл бұрын

Lol me too

@nate7790

3 жыл бұрын

Same here

A Silmarillion reference in my Space Time? *Happy Noises*

First time I'm seeing Target as a sponsor on KZread. I think Raid has started a trend.

@KurtRichterCISSP

3 жыл бұрын

Well to be technical, they sponsor PBS, which is not too unusual for large companies. Thanks, Target!

@arirahikkala

3 жыл бұрын

Hearing an Australian talk about "all 50 states" is... weird. I know everyone knows the meaning, certainly the people being advertised do anyway, it just feels weirdly disconnected.

@tunnelnugget3181

3 жыл бұрын

@@KurtRichterCISSP Good point. He did say thanks for sponsoring PBS so maybe it was a deal to sponsor all of their channels or something. Either way, good on them. PBS has a lot of good educational content. Been watching their stuff since I was a kid. Or perhaps less of a kid depending on your view of late 20s. lol.

"Stars went from being utterly mysterious, to one of the best understood denizens..." Me: oooohhh we're at the end of the video he's gonna say it "... Of the universe"

@evilotis01

3 жыл бұрын

lolllllll exact same response here

@cleitonoliveira932

3 жыл бұрын

Me too.

@cherrydragon3120

3 жыл бұрын

Didnt even notice

The thing I don't understand about absorption lines is this: if the photon is absorbed by an atom by means of one of its electrons being bumped up to a higher energy level... won't a photon of exactly the same wavelength be re-emitted when the electron goes back down to its base energy level? Even if you say that the photon would be emitted in a (different) random direction, wouldn't that be offset by some other similar atom elsewhere in the star re-emitting its own randomly-directed photon in the direction of the original photon?

@michaelsommers2356

3 жыл бұрын

The emitted photon will then be absorbed by another atom.

@FlashGeiger

3 жыл бұрын

The excited state often has several routes back to the ground state emitting a few photons of lower energy along the way (jumping to states with intermediate energy).

@Babalas

3 жыл бұрын

Think an aspect of that is also discussed at around 7:30

@TheReaverOfDarkness

3 жыл бұрын

Actually, the photons emitted vary in wavelength on a bell curve depending on the temperature of the atom. This is the blackbody radiation effect and provides the vast majority of the source photons for which we can see the absorption lines.

@cognitivefailure

3 жыл бұрын

@Toughen Up, Fluffy @FlashGeiger But shouldn't the situation be symmetrical? That is, if one atom can absorb a photon with energy A and then re-emit photons at levels B, C and D (where B + C + D = A), then shouldn't there be other atoms that absorb photons with energies B, C and D and re-emit one with energy A?

I've seen the spectroscopy for Hydrogen so much I died a little on the inside when I recognized them on the Sun's spectrum.

@RanEncounter

3 жыл бұрын

You are just getting started...

Thank you for constantly going back to point out Professor Payne's importance. There are a lot of women glossed over during that time period. It's a shame we don't know her more. But you do a great job of highlighting her this whole video.

His shirt has upped my respect for this man tenfold

A Elbereth Gilthoniel!

@matthewcritchley5458

3 жыл бұрын

silivren penna miriel

How topical, I'm currently in the middle of reading The Glass Universe, about the Harvard Observatory cataloging of hundreds of thousands of stars and Cecelia Payne has come up already.

Wait - because this would be a great piece of trivia - we had Einstein’s Theory of Relativity before we even knew what stars are?

@booketoiles1600

3 жыл бұрын

yes

@swine13

3 жыл бұрын

Before we knew what they were made of* Kind of a different thing

I used to work for Target card services in a call center, great time space and time. Good Target for sponsoring this kind of quality content.

Wait, it's not made from cake???

@adielquintana3847

3 жыл бұрын

Unfortunately it’s not

@PandemoniumMeltDown

3 жыл бұрын

No but some are covered with icing

@JamesCairney

3 жыл бұрын

Hold on here, if the stars ain't made from cake, does this mean that the moon isn't made of Wensleydale cheese? Tell me Wallace and Grommet were telling the truth, no?

@PandemoniumMeltDown

3 жыл бұрын

@@JamesCairney The moon is a giant Mimolette.

@mfaizsyahmi

3 жыл бұрын

"Never has been."

I appreciate the time taken to share such important (and sadly lesser known) history of women in STEM! I also love the Minecraft shirt! These are such great videos to deeper understanding of our universe! Thanks for taking the time to share your knowledge with everyone! :)

It’s absolutely astounding the progress we have made in the past 100 years in understanding... everything. We tend to think of a hundred years as a long time by human time scales but these days by modern life spans it’s only about a decade longer than a 1st world “long” life span. And by historical measures it’s a drop in the bucket. Thousands of years passed with only small advancements in our collective understanding of the universe, the world around us, and ourselves. Then in the span of 100 years or so we seem to have witnessed an exponential explosion in our understanding of everything.

Yay, a video about spectroscopy! This is exactly the sort of research I've been doing. If anyone's interested, I've got a video on my channel about a project I did over the spring to analyze the absorption/emission spectrum of Fe II - a particularly useful ion for determining the compositions of stars due to its dense spectrum. I'll have another video coming up soon(-ish) for some software I've written to enable researchers anywhere to precisely study NIST's archive atomic spectrum photoplates (once the archive has been scanned and is available online). Come and check out what atomic spectroscopy research is like firsthand! :D

Completely random fact: Since the moment Pluto was discovered and until the moment when it lost its status of a planet, this celestial body has not completed a single full revolution around the Sun. -SciFacts

@paulmichaelfreedman8334

3 жыл бұрын

To be precise it only completed 30% of one orbit.

@Ireallylikeeggs

3 жыл бұрын

I haven't done that either tbh

@Ireallylikeeggs

3 жыл бұрын

I only move in time but not in space and honestly I have no idea how I have cell service out here in the void.

@oracle372

3 жыл бұрын

Ireallylikeeggs I like eggs too

@cherrydragon3120

3 жыл бұрын

Kinda sad it didnt even get to see all of the solar system yet before losing its planetary status

Thank you, Cecilia!!

Loved that Silmarillion reference

Over the last year or so, I've been watching every episode of PBS Space Time in chronological order, and as of this video my much-more-knowledgeable self has finally caught up to the present day. What am I going to watch while drinking my morning coffee on non-workdays now?

I’m currently working on my bachelors in Astrophysics and about six months away from graduating and these videos are priceless for someone like me.

@angelathomas6773

3 жыл бұрын

Woooww that's cool. Do you mind if I ask what courses u take for an astrophysics degree? (mainly I want to know what astronomy courses you take)

@gordonsimon5784

3 жыл бұрын

@@angelathomas6773 For astronomy I took a course called Galaxies and Cosmology, Planetary Science and a course called Stars which were all very interesting. I’m currently taking Quantum Mechanics and a course called Astrophysical Process. I will graduate in June.

@angelathomas6773

3 жыл бұрын

@@gordonsimon5784 thank you! And congrats u're almost done :)! And good luck to u!

@runs_through_the_forest

3 жыл бұрын

@@gordonsimon5784 tip of the day, go back to 1970 and read Hannes Alfvén's nobel lecture (downloadable from nobel website) i enjoyed reading it, maybe you will to.. also it's noisy audio but the content is worth it, video on youtube called "Unzicker's real physics talks: Wolfgang Kundt, do black holes exist?" what can i say i like thought provoking and controversial physics and so i wish you good luck in the field of astronomy!

This is my favorite episode in a while. Not because there was anything wrong or bad about previous ones, but because this one was quick and to the point, rather easily understood, and celebrated the history/discovery of a brilliant woman in the field of physics, discussed too little. Not that I don't love the long format videos too, but this one just stood out to me. Was perfect over a lunch break.

Thank you for using more animations in this video. It really makes it better and easier to watch

Thanks for posting this. It's a great example of how scientific progress is NOT an easy path on which any brilliant guy (male of female) walks straight towards fame, by simply having just a good idea and publishing it. On the contrary, it's often a very tricky, difficult and often tortuous path, a path full of obstacles like geographical origin, race, sex and conservatism. The first women who dared to follow the academic/scientific career about one century ago were just amazing, because for them everything was 10 times more difficult than for men, yet they gave amazing contributions to science, our modern society and our understanding of Nature and the universe. Because of this, I have a huge respect for figures such as Marie Curie, Emmy Noether, Vera Rubin and Cecilia Payne. They are true examples of what passion, dedication and hard work can allow ANY human being to achieve.

love the way he explained this.. i actually got it, me and my feeble mind

1:48 Sir Arthur Eddington looks like Steve Carell.

@calcaware

3 жыл бұрын

Nice.

Women are awesome! Always seem to get the short end of the recognition stick so love seeing them getting a good shout out! Great video as always, please keep ‘em coming!

*THANK YOU SO ENDLESSLY MUCH* for picking up my comment _& making an entire episode about it!!!_ *

Last time I was this early, the photons were still coupled

@oceanlawnlove8109

3 жыл бұрын

Quirky space joke 🤪

@jamesbentonticer4706

3 жыл бұрын

Lol nice

@fffUUUUUU

3 жыл бұрын

You've never been really, stop bragging

Target's been around since 1962? I gotta practice more patience in establishing my business.

If this was any other channel, I'd look at the title of this video and be like "well obviously know that" But it's PBSST, so bring on 12 minutes of content that's over my head :)

Periodic table of Minecraft lmao. Love that shirt.

So.... What happened to "The great courses plus" intro? Had gotten so used to that 😂

Loved the t-shirt!

I bet he could make a video about the composition of grass and still end the video with, spacetime.

I just referred this to several people because I failed to explain it. Your work is very well done and very important. The way you give credit the people that did the work is also great. But the explanation changes lives. It does.

Mark Rosenthal should receive a standard Type Ia-O hypergiant for his donation. Scheduled for delivery in a few billion years, naturally.

A while ago, I asked for help on this channel with figuring out where some planets and local stars would be in the year 3021. Well, I didn't get any useful help then, but... I did figure it out on my own, and it turns out that unless we discover a fairly large Trans-Neptunian or Oort Cloud object, the best place to launch a trip to Alpha Centauri from the Sol system (by relative distance) is.... .... .... Neptune!!

@insanitysportal6692

3 жыл бұрын

@@randy2811 so much to unpack in that criticism. 1) Yes, the sun is a gravity well, but...just like the planets, you can't really "escape" from it. The farther you go, the less impact it will have, which is actually *why* you want to start a trip at, say, Neptune instead of Earth. 2) You have to start from survivable physical object. You could no more start in the vacuum if deep space than you could the surface of Sol, so a planetary body or other large body, like TNO or KBO. 3) I think you must be missing something in the original question 4) Turns out that in 3021, Neptune will be the farthest large survivable object on a nearly direct line between Sol and Alpha Centauri, and it's on the correct side of our star. Other bodies are farther away from Sol, but on the wrong side (either 90 degrees off or on the back side). Other, other bodies are on the correct side, but way too close. So, without another TNO or KBO that's large enough, Neptune makes the most sense for the shipyard/launching point. At least, it does in 3021. An eighth of the way through its orbital period, that might change, but I didn't do the math for that.

@burtosis

3 жыл бұрын

I would assume it’s by minimizing energy rather than distance, but it seems likely starting farther out (if you count that as free) is better. This is complicated because you can boost your velocity by up to double each large object you can slingshot off of.

@insanitysportal6692

3 жыл бұрын

@@burtosis Minimizing distance (or rather maximizing distance from Sol) does minimize energy needs. It also reduces travel time. Since this is a work of semi-hard science fiction, the slingshot effects, which would be incredibly useful - if not absolutely necessary - in the real world, are considered negligible for the realism if the story. But, good catch.

A light of the two trees of valinor reference...luv it!!!

Target of all people? Might need to stop buy and grab a few bed sheets... Thanks Target for supporting Space Time!

I thought the first thing that you learned in Astronomy was that everything was spherical... ;p

Normal people: here for actual content Me: what shirt is my boy dr o’dowd wearing today

Matt: “And now, this world shall known Payne”

The story of Cecilia Payne? Fabulous. Quoting the Ainulindale and Quenta SIlmarillion? Absolute Geek Cred. Thank you :)

There needs to be a posthumous “Nobel” award for people like her who were overlooked while they were alive by the Nobel committee. I’m thinking not only of Cecilia Payne, but also Rosalind Franklin (DNA X-ray crystallography) and Jocelyn Bell (discovered pulsars). Oh heck, throw in people like John Bell (discovered Bell’s Inequalities, used to prove that local hidden variable theories don’t work) too.

@tommyshelby8973

3 жыл бұрын

That award doesn't mean much outside of science. And science has other things like impact factors to measure the contributions

@michaelsommers2356

3 жыл бұрын

Franklin was not overlooked; she died before anyone received a prize for the structure of DNA.

Yesss finally! I’ve been waiting for a new upload 😅

Wow, it's one of the most comprehensible videos on channel! Good job, PBS Space Time)

Love the Minecraft shirt and the Tolkien reference! Great informative/accessible video,as always. I really enjoy hearing how we came to know what we now know.

@3:38 I have an odd desire to listen to Pink Floyd for some reason.

I always wondered how we knew how the spectrum of absorption lines reflects the entirety of a stars' composition and not only the outer layers?

@jamesbentonticer4706

3 жыл бұрын

I wondered that as well.

@bananaforscale1283

3 жыл бұрын

All photons are made in the core, and if they bumped into other element these colors should be absorbed as well.

@kreynolds1123

3 жыл бұрын

@horizontal: In other words, how do we know the outer layers do not have a radically different composition then the sun's inner layers? Three big reasons, 1) temperature suggest the entire sun is a plasma gas, 2) gasses readily diffuse through each other, and 3) the energy levels combined with convection currents suggest very good mixing.

@kreynolds1123

3 жыл бұрын

@@bananaforscale1283 Light bouncing off free electrons do give rise to elemental spectral absorption lines. Only with light exciting electrons orbiting a nucleus do we see spectral absorption lines.

@linksfood

3 жыл бұрын

Because the core is undergoing fusion and the inner layers are ionized, so the conditions don't exist for stable atoms and bonding. It's all a big soup of charges.

Wow, such a clear explanation of spectroscopy! Amazing job!

Question: What is the mechanism by which mass/energy curves spacetime? We have the observation that it DOES, and equations that very accurately predict the degree of curvature, but I've never heard a hypothesis, or even a "best guess", concerning HOW curvature occurs. I realize this probably comes down to, or runs into, the QM/Relativity incompatibility wall, but hypothetically, "best guessedly"; what is doing what to what?

This work also helped us to understand what elements can be made from different classifications of stars. That is how we know the heaviest element our sun will produce is iron.

@rylian21

3 жыл бұрын

The heaviest element which can be produced by nuclear fusion in a star is Iron. Anything heavier is produced in a supernova.

@Mernom

3 жыл бұрын

AFAIK our sun won't make it to iron. It takes a Supernova capable star for that.

I love this video. Thank you. Representing women in science 🤗💫💜

The legends are switched between two announcements.

Will undress for more LotR references

How you know a KZread channel has made it to mainstream success: when they get normal ads like Bounty, Colgate, and Target vs. rAiD sHAdoW LeGeNdS, skillshare, etc.

@juniperburton7693

3 жыл бұрын

They're a pretty safe bet

@Madhatter1781

3 жыл бұрын

Eh, I would disagree. You can tell when a channel doesn't talk about controversial material by those metrics, but I would call plenty of channels without those advertisers successful, they just require funding from patreon. Contrapoints is a great example of this!

You may not have heard of Cecilia Payne And that's a shame... Is it me or anyone else found it rhyming?

Target picked a great episode to jump on

Great video, very educational stuff. I believe the title you bestowed on Mark Rosenthal at the end, "The stariest star of all", is perhaps the most glorious title ever bestowed on anyone! But I also believe that this title should be shared posthumously by Cecilia Payne, for shining so much light on the nature of stars. ✨

Wow, good timing.

When is the new challenge question coming?

@csquaredfilms

3 жыл бұрын

and me.

@DrSardonicus

3 жыл бұрын

@Anirban Chakrabarti I’m sorry but no, you’ve got it wrong. The reason why this community is so good is because only people who are very interested or actively work and study in this field, come here. If you forced people (like in school) to do things they have no interest in, doesn’t help their future goals in career or just generally don’t care about these things; then you would begin to see a lot of negativity. It doesn’t matter how ‘interesting’ you might make something to be, if somebody simply won’t engage positively then everybody will have a bad time. Schools and the failed curriculum we have in most western society *forces* people to sludge through things they don’t want to. However, on the flip side here on KZread, you only come to this very specific channel because you are actively interested in this subject. Therefore, it’s obvious you’re going to enjoy it and want to actively participate. This is optional. When you opt in something you like; you’ll have a good time.

Thanks for the Bio, truly deserved

Love the Pink Floyd reference, one of my favorite bands!

But in equilibrium the energy of an excited atom has to be released eventually, by the same energy transition (pretty sure this is where my assumption goes wrong), releasing a same-frequency photon. So why would there be an absorption band?

@josephahn601

3 жыл бұрын

Bump

@TheHellogs4444

3 жыл бұрын

Emission doesn't always happen, since the higher energy level could just be in equilibrium with heat. Emission lines are indeed the same, but they're not in the same direction and so are diffuse. So now you might ask why emission from other parts of the sun with our direction as the "random direction" don't just cancel out the absorption. Valid question, but the random direction includes back at the center of the sun (which can radiate back at any frequency), so overall the energy directed at us decreases with increasing concentration of that element That said, the exact nature of sun has enough unknowns that conspiracy theorists use it as a hole to posit new thermal emission theories (i.e. replacing stefan's law) Perhaps it's worth an episode to debunk that one, you basically have to work through the math for a while until you find the inconsistency with observation

@michaelsommers2356

3 жыл бұрын

The emitted photons are absorbed by other atoms.

SUCH an important video. Much of this is still over my head, but Im so grateful for it.

@NeinStein

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah, those "basics" are sooo important to building up the whole picture. They deserve to be talked about more frequently.

@musicisbrilliant

3 жыл бұрын

@@NeinStein Spot on. ;) This knowledge could save poor lost humanity.

Oh wow, you know a channel has seriously 'made it' when a corporation like Target sponsors their video!! Daaang, way to go Space Time!

Just for that lotr reference you deserve a like. Do keep those references coming

Can we just appreciate how her PhD was about discovering something unknown to humanity at that time. A big chunk of today's PhDs be like 1+1=2.

@srpenguinbr

3 жыл бұрын

most times phds are about something very specific. as far as we can tell, there no big mysteries that one doctor can solve alone. Sure, we have quantum gravity, but it is so complicated that you can't do much work alone

@WilliamFord972

3 жыл бұрын

PhDs today be like “Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of conformational dynamics of RNA-binding proteins in complex with viral RNA in vitro using electron paramagnetic resonance.”

@denmaroca2584

3 жыл бұрын

Her PhD thesis is considered by many to be the most significant in the history of astronomy.

OMG Two weeks ago i adopted an tiny female orange tabby kitten, and I named her after CECELIA PAYNE (Cece for short). No joke, wtf are the chances???

You provided some great insights into this topic found in no other video. Thanks!

I look at the world at the moment and think it's hopeless. I watch Space Time and I think "perhaps as a species we can be smart enough to fix things".

You say the energy of a photon has to be exactly right to be absorbed by an electron, but how precise does it really have to be? The frequency spectrum is continuous, so shouldn't the odds be zero of a photon having any exact frequency?

@psykkomancz

3 жыл бұрын

The frequency spectrum comes in quantums actually. All possible energy states in Universe are multiples of Planck energy.

@michaelsommers2356

3 жыл бұрын

Absorption lines are not infinitely thin (if they were, you couldn't see them) due to quantum and other effects. See www-star.st-and.ac.uk/~kw25/teaching/nebulae/lecture08_linewidths.pdf

@linksfood

3 жыл бұрын

the other comment is correct. E=hf and since h is a constant defined variable, the energy can only come in discreet packets. For example you could have a photon of energy 1 and a photon of energy 2, but not a photon of energy 1.5

@PopeGoliath

3 жыл бұрын

@@linksfood so what happens when a photon gets redshifted or blueshifted? Does that only increase or decrease energy in steps, too?

@PopeGoliath

3 жыл бұрын

@@michaelsommers2356 this is really useful, thanks!

There are no such things in Tolkien as "the trees of Elanor". Elanor was a small yellow flower seen in Lorien, after which Sam named his eldest daughter. You're no doubt thinking of the Two Trees that gave light to Valinor before Melkor poisoned them. So maybe you meant to say Valinor, not Elanor. "Varda Elbereth" was pretty much never said. Eldar in Middle-earth addressed Varda in the Sindarin language as Elbereth, meaning "Star-queen". Varda is how she is known in Aman, by speakers of Quenya. And why was there a graphic of the western doors of Moria behind you when you said that?

@itcamefromthedeep

3 жыл бұрын

Nerd. >.

@the-chillian

3 жыл бұрын

@@itcamefromthedeep Damn right.

@booketoiles1600

3 жыл бұрын

here come the LOTR nerds

@the-chillian

3 жыл бұрын

@@booketoiles1600 What an original comment that someone else didn't make 15 hours before you did.

Ok, great reference to the Lord of the Rings, such a fan of that. Also, great shirt :-)

That shirt is fantastic!!!

A correction!! At 7:05, it's Meghnad Saha not Meghdad Saha!!

You know what is sad? In my graduate level stellar astrophysics course there was never even a mention of her.... >_

@jamesbentonticer4706

3 жыл бұрын

Are you doing a phd???

@Dragrath1

3 жыл бұрын

@@jamesbentonticer4706 Yes

@michaelsommers2356

3 жыл бұрын

How many astrophysicists of any description who do not have things named for them were mentioned? How much time did your course spend on spectroscopy?

@jamesbentonticer4706

3 жыл бұрын

@@Dragrath1 that is awesome. What is the topic of your thesis?

@Dragrath1

3 жыл бұрын

@@jamesbentonticer4706 Still a WIP and kind of a bit complicated. I have largely finished coursework but have yet to pass all the qualifiers plus the person who I had wanted to have as my advisor hasn't been responsive so I may need to look for a new advisor. What I have worked on so far is mostly looking at ideas related to planetary atmospheres In particular I am interested in the dynamics of Venus's atmosphere since there are a number of parallels between a phenomenon seen on Earth known as major Sudden Stratospheric Warming events and the dynamics of Venus's atmosphere. In particular in both circumstances you get the emergence of higher multipole polar vortices and clockwise zonal flow. In both cases planetary scale waves or Rossby waves are major drivers of dynamics. Venus's mean flow is however always reversed relative to the other planets as is its rotation in general is retrograde. However given the observations by orbiter missions which have suggested the length of Venus's day has actually measurably changed likely due to interactions between the planets dense atmosphere and super rotation interacting via the sold planet via the planetary boundary layer I don't think the link can be dismissed but my advisor doesn't think this is really worth pursuing A.T.M. at least when I last talked to him before lockdown started. He was out of the country to attend a conference on GCM modeling in Europe and has faced issues with his visa and I haven't been able to get a hold of him since May so suffice to say things are complicated.

Perhaps this channel isn't the most appropriate, but I would really love to see more "history of science" videos. I know SciShow has done a few like that, but absolutely love looking at how our understanding of various phenomena has evolved generally from wonder and myth, to the various theories that prove themselves wrong or on the right track, to where we are today. Not to say we have all the answers today, to be fair.

@concinnity9676

3 жыл бұрын

That's one reason why I like Dr. Becky. She has a series called "Great Debates in Physics". She tells the historical advances in the state of the art, right down to the individuals who had disagreements.

You've main the most nerdy awesome KZread intro ever....reallly....I am in awe.... :)

@ufotv-viral

3 жыл бұрын

👌👽

Everybody knows what stars are made of. It's easy. A bit of flesh, some blood, a nice looking skin, a lot of silicone and a good connection to a divorce attorney and some tabloid newspapers.

@KAlterAdel

3 жыл бұрын

Like... The Sun.

Wow, less than 50 comments :D I want that T-shirt!!!

We all just gonna ignore that fire t-shirt?

I'd like to think the answer to the title question is...a very long spoon and some big binoculars.

Target?! Moving on up on the sponsorship!

It's weird to see Target ad on PBS Space Time..

And as long as the stars ARE burning ...I’d do anything for love

i felt that the speed of matt speaking today was at 1.25 at the end part without me changing speed myself