Great summary. Though it would be nice if our cities were designed better, so that more households could go car-free, or even from 2 cars to one. That's what I'd really like to see. Even electric cars produce particulate emissions from the wear on the tires, asphalt, and brakes.

@koma-k

2 жыл бұрын

Asphalt and tire particulates may even be a bit higher due to higher average weight for EVs, though for brakes its pretty close to nil as unless you drive like a kangaroo, 90%+ of braking will be regenerative, not using the brake pads.

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

@@koma-k I hear that the average weight is higher all the time, but when I compare similar interior size petrol and electric cars there isn't much difference. For instance, Google tells me BMW 5 series are 1685 to 1990 kg, but then you need to add fuel weight to that, 0 to ~50kg While a Tesla Model 3 is 1760 to 1844 kg So the average weight might be higher, as at the moment electrics in Europe are mostly large sedans and SUV, compared to other large sedans and SUV, there isn't much difference. But you can buy a Citroën Ami at 485 kg. (which is probably what I would buy if I was in Europe and wanted a car) or a Renault Twizy at 450 kg. Both significantly lighter than the average European car, and cheaper than most second hand petrol cars unless you're buying a car that's at end of life.

@koma-k

2 жыл бұрын

@@gasdive The difference is coming down - things like structural battery packs and more efficient drivelines allowing smaller battery capacities for similar range help. Though it's true that some of the reason is the average EV being bigger than the total "fleet" average, there's still a difference: Our first EV, an '11 LEAF, weighed about the same or a bit more than my old Citroën XM, a big diesel estate/station wagon, and our current ('16) Model S weighs a little more (empty) than the maximum allowed weight of a BMW 5-series estate. Somewhat random examples, but those are the ones that come to mind. I'm interested in seeing a weight comparison between say the early Model Y, and the ones which will come out of Berlin and Austin once the new structural battery packs enter production late this year.

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

@@koma-k I wouldn't compare a Model S with a 5 series. The internal space is at least 7 series, or larger. 7 series, 1,725 to 2,180 kg Model S, 1,961 to 2,250 kg slightly heavier, but also slightly more spacious. There was even a 7 seat Model S. Yes it's possible to find a decade old design that's unusually heavy, but it really isn't an inherent compromise that you have to make.

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

@@koma-k also, compare like for like. The fossil BMW X7 is 2,445 to 2,555 kg (plus fuel) The electric BMW X7 is 2295 to 2455 kg Really, "electric is heavier" is a stubborn theme, but it's really not true.

I like this type of reporting; it's based on verifiable studies, not on gut feel. Thank you.

@msimon6808

8 ай бұрын

Based on accepted theory...... Water Vapor (WV) is a greenhouse gas as potent as CO2 according to theory. On average there is 50 times as much WV in the atmosphere as CO2. The fact that it is non -persistent is often mentioned. It doesn't have to be. You can AVERAGE (integrate) the effect. There is on AVERAGE 50 times as much.

@timothyrussell4445

8 ай бұрын

Selective verifiable studies. Diesel stinks and pollutes however you cut it, specially from HVMs. And forget adblue - that's just foul stuff that does nothing. Kids get killed every year in parts of London from lung diseases directly caused by diesel particulate inhalation. Sabine loves to come across as demystifying and challenging the green agenda. The only problem is she clearly has her own.

@rogerphelps9939

7 ай бұрын

There is a feedback relationship between CO2 and water vapour. Increased CO2 will cause some heating resulting in more water vapour and more heating.@@msimon6808

@Macbrother

4 ай бұрын

CO2 increases the potency of WV as a greenhouse gas as well.@@msimon6808

What a superb explanation. Sabine should should be applauded as an excellent science communicator.

@gijbuis

8 ай бұрын

She is applauded - often!

@timothyrussell4445

8 ай бұрын

She's also biased.@@gijbuis

@trondwell13

6 ай бұрын

as are you @@timothyrussell4445

@Helojet1999

5 ай бұрын

@@timothyrussell4445 absolutely correct…

1:39 I have a similar story. During the mid 70's my family had a Ford Pinto. When the emissions were suddenly tightened, the only way the car could pass (it was a 1974 model that used leaded gas) was for my father to tweak the carburetor to such a lean mixture the engine barely ran. Once the car passed inspection, he'd restore it back to a mixture the car could run on.

@TMC-15Jan45

Жыл бұрын

When I had my first car, I ran the fuel mix as lean as possible to reduce consumption. Eventually this proved to be a disaster, because fuel at intake helps keep valves and their seats cooler. Consequently a crack developed in the head that leaked coolant, so the head had to be replace... $$$!

@garybulwinkle82

Жыл бұрын

I've been a mechanically inclined person my whole life, and have provided for myself budget vehicles continually! I have also had to "tweak" the tune to pass emissions, almost on a continual basis!! I have found that maintaining the vehicle at these acceptable states of tune decreases their life span considerably! I believe the problem arises when we have non-experts in positions of authority! Stupidity seems to be rampant in our Government today!!!😵‍💫

@alouisschafer7212

Жыл бұрын

These days you would just buy a cheap retrofit CAT and they work fine for ~5 years ive heard.

@dgurevich1

Жыл бұрын

Which proves again that government regulation leads to completely different results. They should have the power to demand tighter emissions from car manufacturers but doing so for cars already on the road (made before new regulations) is idiotic

I never knew about the mix of particulates, very interesting. The whole video is a brilliant breakdown.

@michaelpeacock351

2 жыл бұрын

I agree, however, where's the fight over the particulates from a similar fuel source dumped out of the exhaust from turbines that use similar fuel oils to diesel... jet propellants are number one fuel oils like diesel.

@vansdan.

2 жыл бұрын

wussup medlife!! ❤️

@mr.bulldops7692

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah. It's really frustrating because diesel engines are so great on fuel, durable, and less CO2. But it's still hard to justify compared to the impact on humans of the particulates. Hoping something can be done about that cuz I like my diesel.

@johnnemeth6913

2 жыл бұрын

@@michaelpeacock351 Jet fuel is basically kerosene, not diesel.

@FixItStupid

2 жыл бұрын

I See From My ASS HOLE It's A Nuclear END One Way Or The Other Any Time Now Math Shows The Way Of Greed Lies Come DUE In The Cancer lotto

My experience cycling in the city: a high quality mask with filter can't stop the diesel fumes. I grew to hate the diesel fumes so much that I will (probably) never buy a diesel car.

@Zamsky39

2 жыл бұрын

How do you know that? What you can smell are gasses, those would need an activated carbon filter to stop, but you probably woulnd't be able to cycle in such mask.

@sdrtcacgnrjrc

2 жыл бұрын

@@Zamsky39 I don't know what was in the filters, but I do know it was able to filter petrol fumes and not diesel -- how do I know that? They smell very different. It's easy to tell a diesel engine from the smell alone.

@quietyard8014

2 жыл бұрын

@@Zamsky39 I agree with you for gasses. I don't know enough about exhaust to comment, but I can smell dust and mold.

Would be interesting to see the comparison of the amount of particulates produced by engine, tires and brakes.

@TukozAki

Жыл бұрын

...And all the mining for their components. eg EV, as mining industries require more and more electricity (mostly coal in China, Chile or Australia, now maybe gas in USA?). Like those mines in Chile which desalinate some of the massive volume of water they need.

@sybaseguru

Жыл бұрын

EV's rarely use brakes - regen is used to slow down most of the time.

@alpinlt769

Жыл бұрын

@@sybaseguru Maybe you can tell me how the battery is made, and how they will be recycled?

@Richard482

Жыл бұрын

@@alpinlt769 You can Google it ev battery recycling to get an answer.

@AstrosElectronicsLab

Жыл бұрын

I would say that "brake dust" is far worse than the particulates coming out of the exhaust.

Just when you think you are beginning to understand a problem, you discover another variable that affects the response properties you are studying. Asbestos particle size is important since it interacts with the lungs much more detrimentally at a certain size, but like Sabine mentioned the surface area and/or aspect ratio can be a contributing factor. Then add in synergistic correlation coefficients with other contaminants and you need a computer to understand what tail is wagging the dog.

@StefanoCianchi

8 ай бұрын

Just cut asbestos

Thank you for an objective, scientific video on this topic instead of an emotionally charged rage not based in facts.

Conclusion: I'm glad I got an electric car - a used 2015 Leaf at the end of 2017. And I put a few solar panels on my house roof and some cheap Chinese plug-in grid tie inverters, which on an annual basis produce considerably more electricity than the car uses. How can you make your own power to power any type of fuel burning vehicle? And there's less abrasion particulate because of regenerative braking. (Also have solar charge controller and 36V Li-Ion battery for freezer and lights in case the grid goes down for an extended period.)

@wopmf4345FxFDxdGaa20

Жыл бұрын

You can in multiple ways make your own fuel. But sure in case of EV, it is far more efficient relative to area required, as long as you have the sun. Big problem in many places, especially northern Europe, is there is many months in a year without almost any sun.

Thank you for this objective presentation! Add blue (I.e. urea) injection on exhaust catalyst on modern Diesels can reduce 90% NOx. This makes gasoline and Diesel engines comparable, at least from NOx emission perspective. I was in the same situation as you, just bought a new Diesel car with Addblue, as I use it only for long distance journeys.

@charlesreid9337

9 ай бұрын

modern 18wheelers are designed to use DEF and wont run eithout it. Cars should be designed that way. And you should ALWAYS use it

@bobmnz6914

8 ай бұрын

You're the first I've read confessing you use it. Well done.

@RamsesTheFourth

8 ай бұрын

Add blue can make car break down much often though.

@charlesreid9337

8 ай бұрын

@@RamsesTheFourth um.. typing things doesnt make them true man. And diesels without it should be banned and are. Theyre an environmental nightmare. Im a trucker btw

@RamsesTheFourth

8 ай бұрын

@@charlesreid9337 Talking from experience of people that got them. All of them get rid of Add Blue as soon as it breaks down. But I agree otherwise. Diesel is for trucks and tractors not cars.

My worry is less about what is created by the exhaust and more about the environmental cost around the entire process to make a vehicle.

@jochenstacker7448

Жыл бұрын

Don't forget drilling for oil, transporting the stuff, refining it and carting it all over the world. If that was taken into account, electric vehicles are on top even before driving a single yard.

I am a retired diesel mechanic and while the older engines were dirtier than the modern variety they were also less expensive to repair and run. They were also far more reliable and lasted much longer than modern diesel engines as they were less complex and did not have to ingest exhaust gasses to run at a less efficient combustion temperature. No one has done a study on how much pollution is created by having to make more vehicles because they don't last as long or because they have to be retired because they won't pass emission testing anymore. Pollution in cities is a problem and diesel pollution tends to make smog much worse that is why the American authorities did not want diesel passenger cars to catch on there and legislated to make sure it happened. If you are concerned about all you have talked about the best type of vehicle to buy is a small engine capacity direct-injected turbo gasoline vehicle with a CVT transmission other than that you go plug-in hybrid or straight EV. With regard to what else can be done to lower emissions in ICE vehicles, you need to note that the low-hanging fruit has already been picked, and getting better results will be very expensive and result in only small gains while making engine control systems even more complex and costly to maintain. Why do you think Volkswagen did what it did? To my mechanical mind, the most efficient and lowest polluting power source for the city and urban transport area is the electric motor and we should get there the quickest way we can but using reason and not hysteria as the motivation. .

Several years ago, it was finally recognized that the actual largest source of air pollution in southern California was no longer cars, but actually the Port of Los Angeles. As a result, they have been trying to ban the burning of "bunker oil" within so many miles of the coast, and requiring ships to hook up to grid power instead of running their APUs.

@paultraynorbsc627

2 жыл бұрын

Indeed its the same in Liverpool UK cruise ships

@TheKitMurkit

Жыл бұрын

Finally. Is it really so hard to come to this conclusion? No. It's just easier to bully average automobile owner, then a ship company that brings immense profit.

@josephpadula2283

Жыл бұрын

Not trying , did outlaw HFO Bunker Fuel within 24 miles of Coast.

@xdreamerx6

Жыл бұрын

@@josephpadula2283 but does the state of California have jurisdiction that far out?

@TassieLorenzo

Жыл бұрын

Regardless, the approach of favouring petrol hybrid passenger cars taken by Californian regulators still seemed to work out better than the approach of favouring diesel passenger cars taken by European Union regulators. Especially for urban air quality.

Really helpful information on particulates and changes to Diesel technology. One thing you didn't cover, how does the use of biodiesel change the emissions? The original diesel engine design could run on peanut oil, so we shouldn't limit our thinking to the hydrocarbon option

@gboates

Жыл бұрын

Nor did she mention when discussing gasoline vehicle emissions if burning 10% ethanol burns cooler) could have an impact on the comparisons made.

@kratzikatz1

3 ай бұрын

In germany the discussion goes about NOx.

Sabine I would love for you to do an in depth analysis for forest fire, greenhouse gases and pollutants. This is especially a problem in the western US. It is a much much bigger problem and one that can easily be eliminated. There are a few (very few) rapid response aircraft that have shown to be extremely effective, yet they are often not allowed to put out fires early, or at all in National forests, due to bureaucracy and turf power struggles.

@koreymartinson7238

Жыл бұрын

Amen. This smoke lingers and makes life miserable over huge areas. It's not mismanaging forests though. It's global warming. Lol. Our climate goes in cycles. No fear involved in the truth of that though.

@jhhggygghchdlfyggxzgdltfugc

Жыл бұрын

Controlling fires by putting out early doesn't work in the long term, because a by-product of doing that is to increase the amount of fuel that will be available the next time there's a fire. So the more often you're successful, the more difficult it is to keep that up, and when it becomes too difficult the fire ends up much worse than frequent smaller fires. You rapidly reach the point where the thermal power output per unit area of forest fire exceeds any feasible payload of airlifted water.

@itchyvet

Жыл бұрын

Also relevant is a study done into the effects of Chemtrails dropping flamable stuff over forrests. Funny thatthis issue seems to have disapeared from the media since Covid.

@jhhggygghchdlfyggxzgdltfugc

Жыл бұрын

@@itchyvet What is the evidence for that happening?

@nordic5490

Жыл бұрын

@@jhhggygghchdlfyggxzgdltfugc correct. The current policy here in Oz is to generally let fires burn whee ever possible, and at the same time protect assets. Many species of fauna here require fire to germinate.

There’s a solution space, depending on your actual requirements - average distance travelled per day, average travel speed, maximum range and load. If you want to optimise for minimum GHG emissions and an EV is too costly, select the lightest vehicle that fits you daily load requirements. Then select an engine size that suits you average travel speed (air drag increases as a function of velocity squared). Generally, a smaller engine capacity can operate more frequently in its maximum efficiency region. Large capacity is needed only to haul high loads or travel at high speed. Some engines can turn off fuel flow to individual cylinders to optimise fuel efficiency based on load. Turbocharging increases effective engine capacity and efficiency. Last year I purchased a small passenger hatchback vehicle with a turbocharged petrol engine - this suited my urban use with an average speed of 33km/h (mostly 60km/h with traffic stops), and about 5k km per annum. I wouldn’t sweat about finessing the solution too much, you can achieve major GHG reduction cheaply by changing your usage, i.e. work from home more, plan travel to reduce redundant trips, accelerate smoothly to keep the engine operating efficiently, use detachable roof racks to reduce drags when not in use, regular maintenance to ensure the engine is operating correctly, etc… Good luck finding a vehicle - global supply is lower than demand, so prices are high and choice is limited. BTW, in Australia only 25% of new sales are passenger vehicles - like the US, we seem obsessed with SUV, 4x4WD and light trucks. Go figure…

@RS-ls7mm

2 жыл бұрын

Sounds like its converging down to a bicycle.

@Weissenschenkel

2 жыл бұрын

The guys from.Mighty Car Mods said the used cars market price just skyrocketed due to higher demand for new cars and insufficient production.

@gerrylarue9043

2 жыл бұрын

Just getting a newer car will significantly reduce your emissions since the regulated levels continue to decrease. As Mike Gofton points out, get the smallest vehicle that you can to suit you needs (no SUV!). You will appreciate that F = ma which is very significant for most drivers most of the time since you burn most fuel accelerating and not in a high speed cruise. Hybrids can make sense if you live in a dense city as you can operate on the battery for short urban trips where the potential reduction in local emissions is most significant. Understanding, of course, that since electrons are fungible, the electrical power generated somewhere on the grid comes from burning coal or at least hydrocarbons (but the centralization of the generation makes reducing emissions an easier technical challenge). Pure electrics have this generation emissions issue to a greater extent plus the need to dig up and refine some environmentally unfriendly metals to make the bigger on-board batteries. Great video, Sabine.

@nicklockard

2 жыл бұрын

Excellent input. I would add that the regulatory bodies could help this a lot by adopting harmonized standards based on registration fees using ton×miles driven. It would encourage wise choices. Lighter is less polluting and so is driving less.

@KerriEverlasting

2 жыл бұрын

Pretty sure covid did this already.

I remember reading a study 2 years ago during covid lockdowns, which analyzed the relationship of traffic in cities with air pollution. They showed that even during lockdown with vastly reduced traffic, the values of air pollution (NOx and fine particles) did not correlate at all with the amount of cars and trucks driving in the cities. The study suggested that other meteorological phenomena play a much stronger role than was previously thought.

@troychampion

2 жыл бұрын

it makes you wonder how much of the studies is driven by political points of view and how much is based on actual scientific fact. You mention the covid lockdowns, it was known that lockdowns do not help people as a whole in nearly all situations, it was known that 99.9% of people would survive when exposed to the virus and lockdowns caused way more damage than the virus, yet propagandists who knew better AND had said so in earlier interviews contradicted themselves for what seemed like political reasons over and over again. Saying that kids should have the vaccine when the vax did more bad for children than it did good. The USA's cdc showed their corruption of data, after being forced too by the courts, but not before trying to delay releasing the data for 17 years then 50 years and then 100years... It is sad to say, especially for me because I live in the USA, that much of our government has been corrupted by politically driven individuals from the top down, and those who do not fall in step are removed, fired or worse. Our FDA, CDC, CIA, FBI, and IRS have been corrupted on a national level, along with our media, hollywood and educational system. When you look closer you see their are puppets involved, lying because they are either getting paid too, or because they too have been deceived themselves. It makes you wonder how long this has been going on, I know Al Gore has been saying the earth would die by the year 2000 since the 80s and that much of our coastal properties would be swallowed up by water from the melting glaciers at the north and south pole (which melt and refreeze every year, and don't swallow us up ever summer..) I am not saying that some of the underlying science isn't based on some truths, but I am saying the most effective liars use some truth and twist it to make their lies more believable. Our climate disaster isn't so much the use of petroleum in our vehicles, as it is in our plastics, and we are even coming up with solutions for that with discovery of enzymes that can eat some plastics.... though I, personally, would like to see more plant based plastics used that will degrade over time faster than petroleum based plastics. It is sad to say that we live in a political world, and disappointing that Sabine didn't even mention that in her video while using studies from sources known to be biased, I mention that in an earlier comment to her personally. Believe everything God tells you, half of what man tells you, 1/3rd of what you read and be very skeptical of what you see on video. Living in the age of information has become living in the age of information manipulation.

@mtpaley1

2 жыл бұрын

I suspect that most of it was from large diesels that were still running despite lockdown. Rubbish collection, busses, delivery vans etc. Emissions from cars were probably way down due to less commutes, time shifting on commute times and general less idling in traffic jams. The pollution must come from somewhere and as it does not appear in the countryside it is city related. Maybe it is not even from transport, cities have high population densities so more gas/oil/coal heated houses.

@SianaGearz

2 жыл бұрын

@@mtpaley1 well in the whole city of Munich Germany there is one street that occasionally crosses fine particulate threshold. As far as I can tell all the heating in that area is actually electric (climate is mild enough, it only snows once every few years) and the thresholds are crossed on hottest weeks of the year. I think a crucial factor is just asphalt and tyres, something about that, and heavy vehicles being main contributors. Rain contribution to washing particulate out of the air should be vital but I haven't evaluated it; however anecdotally a hot day is generally followed by a massive rain shower in the evening.

@troychampion

2 жыл бұрын

@@mtpaley1 The point is your suspicions do not matter, THAT is NOT how science works!!! that is theory and conjecture work.. you would make a great politician spouting off at the mouth whatever pops in your head... but you would suk as a scientist, UNLESS you are willing to sell your soul to a politician and write whatever pops in your head and call it a study.

@SladkaPritomnost

2 жыл бұрын

Just agriculture stands for 46% of NOx emission in NL, 6% is for road traffic.

The amount of thoroughly covered information was amazing thank you

I've been following you for little time. I particularly like and enjoy your way of putting all in perspective and using verifiable data. Thank you very much for your effort, and long live your chan ! More on the topic of which to chose, gasoline or diesel, the average (i.e., not rich) people have to take into account i) the fuel price, say, for 100 km and ii) the number of km one will be able to operate the car before it dies. It seems to me that on this ground only, diesel cars fare much better than gasoline ones. If I may elaborate: i) diesel engines generally need less liters per 100 km than gasoline engines (I'd say about 30% less) and diesel costs about the same as gasoline. It is true that the difference in fuel cost decreases, with gasoline engines that are more and more frugal BUT this comes at the cost of the newest gasoline engines being less and less reliable (to put it bluntly, they either have to undergo very expensive repairs quite early during their "life" or are deemed dead) ii) there is less wear in a diesel engine by construction, because it operates at lower RPMs, so by definition a diesel engine will last longer. This is less true as the euronorm class increases (i.e., with newer engines) but it has nothing to do with the engine being a diesel engine and everything to do with all the nonsense devices imposed by the euronorm, because as the number of parts increases so does too the probability that something will fail. I'd be exasperated if I had to pick a newish car today, all are pretty unreliable, be they gasoline- or diesel-based. I'm happy my 2006 diesel car has an engine that is still going strong after more than 374000 km. Oh, and I also have another engine in storage, just in case. Only question is: is the car body withstand 1 million km? ;)

Often overlooked, the lost MPG in attempts to make emissions/time lower actually increase emissions/travel

@Mordalo

11 ай бұрын

How true. They foun that out when they lowered speed limits for cars and aircraft.

What you did not mention is the effect of range you drive typically, and the outside pressure/altitude. It takes a decent diesel engine approximately half an hour (30-60km) to reach its best performance temperature. Most drives are much shorter. Than a decent gasoline engine wins. On the long run (>500 km) the diesel wins, given a scr technology using a small amount of urea (DEF) and a good particulate filter and filter recycling cycle. Already at 1000m altitude normal diesel performance goes down considerably and no (thermodynamica) advantage remains. I use a gasoline engine for short distances (~50km) and an diesel for the long ones (1000 km/dag) . Gasoline engines are earlier at best operating temperature but emit gasoline by incomplete burning in the first 0-10 minutes, particularly on “stationary “ conditions (traffic jam in /around cities.. So, walk and bike in the cities, use a gasoline engine for short trips (50 km), and a decent diesel for the long drives (>100 km). My own “experimental data” on 40 years of driving on request..

@jamesphillips2285

2 жыл бұрын

For very short trips a used electric vehicle would work. A degraded 24kWh battery (160km of range) may easily still have 16kWh in it (100km range, maybe 50km in the winter).

@bigbossimmotal

2 жыл бұрын

She just needs a motorcycle.

@koma-k

2 жыл бұрын

@@jamesphillips2285 yep, that is pretty much spot on for an old first gen 24kWh LEAF. For us 50-60km winter range was just a bit too short though, so after nine years we sold ours (was still in great condition in all other respects).

@saltycreole2673

2 жыл бұрын

I live at 7,800ft. Diesel sucks up here.

@mjmulenga3

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for sharing your research.

I was a mechanic in Germany, so I learned a lot about cars and how they work, especially since I went to a Berufsschule for 3.5 years to do it. With that being said, while diesel might seem tempting at first, I can, in good conscience, only recommend it if you make long trips regularly, or have a relatively long daily commute (say 200 km one way). For everything else, petrol is the way. Why? Because of carbon build-up inside of the engine. This actually correlates to the emission of soot particulates out the exhaust. Engines using Direct Injection (virtually all diesel engines, and some petrol engines) produce particulates of different sizes, depending on the compression ratio. Ergo, diesel -> bigger particulates, gasoline DI (or GDI) -> smaller particulates. Engines using single point or multipoint (port) injection emit no particulates, because the fuel has more time to mix with the air within the intake manifold. DI engines also have more carbon build-up on the intake valves, that is accelerated when driving for short distances frequently, and not allowing the engine to reach its operating temperature. Non-DI engines do not suffer at all from this, since fuel droplets that land on the hot intake valves evaporate quickly and act as a kind of steam cleaning, preventing build-up altogether. As a technician, electric vehicles are my absolute favourite. Over 98% efficiency, regenerative braking, instant torque, no more oil changes, the brakes last much longer... Really, apart from the battery technology, there are no downsides. Barring cost, mild hybrids are a good compromise between the efficiency of an electric motor and the energy density of fossil fuels, and you don't even have to plug it in. Gasoline would be the most sensible choice if you make short to medium trips, and even the occasional road trip. As previously stated, I would only ever consider buying a diesel if I know I'm going to travel long distances frequently.

@alanjm1234

Жыл бұрын

Can't imagine many people would commute 400km per day...

@xtechtips152

11 ай бұрын

​@@alanjm1234 yeah lmao

@Mordalo

11 ай бұрын

Time to update your training. EVs are actually worse than petrol cars and they are nowhere near 98% efficient.

@longbow192

11 ай бұрын

@@Mordalo oh, I'm sorry. I guess if we're talking round trip efficiency, it's closer to 95, maybe 90%, since the on-board converter and inverter for the motor(s) also have some loss. With that being said, the least efficient EV is still roughly 2.25x more efficient than the most efficient diesel in a car. My training is fine, but thanks for your concern nonetheless. Oh, and by the way, in this rationale, we haven't even given any thought to the energy spent to refine crude oil into pump fuel, so really all I've done was to give combustion the advantage and it still lost. Any news article or "scientific paper" saying otherwise has the equivalent scientific value of a "trust me bro".

@Mordalo

11 ай бұрын

@@longbow192 Your ego is way ahead of your comprehension skills. There is no point to discussing things with someone that doesn't realize they are in a forest because of the trees around them.

We enjoy your informative and entertaining talks. Thanks so much for making complex and important issues understandable for us ordinary folk. Regarding your new car - don’t bother! Save your money and travel by bus, train,bike or walking. You’ll love it, save a fortune and enjoy meeting your fellow travellers. Love and best wishes from Manchester, England. We’ve never owned a car. Geoff and Kath.

Nice video. Realize that the emission standards (Euro 6d) at this moment are so strict that it hardly makes any sense to make them any lower ( PM 0.005 and NOx 0.08 g/km) however politicians think that they contribute something to the air quality when they make it almost impossible for the car manufacturers to fulfill these requirements

@poulwinther

Жыл бұрын

Those numbers are all nice and dandy but they degrade very dramatically with wear.

@zeitgeistx5239

Жыл бұрын

European emission standards have long been behind America and filled with loopholes for German automakers. You might want to research the issue and see how German automakers make the emission rules just like how the German government retroactively legalized defeat devices.

@globalist1990

Жыл бұрын

Poor car manufacturers, overengineering cars for decades (top speed is stil 70mph in the uk, no matter the car), now are suffering with implementing actually sensible restrictions. What's a little cancer, amirite?

@TomppaFlemppa

Жыл бұрын

I guess that the only way politicians are able to improve the environment is to ban everything that pollutes it. Have you got a solution that involves massive V8 engines without catconverters pushing black smoke just idling by your baby's cradle. No.. Neither have the evil politicians.

@nilesbutler8638

Жыл бұрын

My sympathies for that whole highly profitable industry, which is directly and indirectly subsidized with taxpayer money by the billions and always, always, always tries to hide, obfuscate or simply lie about health risks is....not that great. The first 3-Liter car? Was built by greenpeace in 1996, with a budged of then 3 million D-marks within 2 years (ca. two million euros in our time). The tech is not a problem, the producers just dont want to change their product ideology. As long as faster, bigger, thirstier brought in the doe, nobody even tried to build low-emission, low-fuel consumption, practical cars.

I am a Diesel fan! It works just efficient and compared to old Diesel engines, it has improved a lot.

@donotneed2250

Жыл бұрын

And big truck fuel mileage is at least twice of what it used to be. I've had a tractor-trailer up to a hair over 12 miles per gallon. It's a combination of weight, terrain and the way you drive. I left a shipper one night with another driver who had a bigger engine than I had. He had a 400 horse power(HP) and I 325 HP. Whenever we went through a small town I would leave him and we had the same amount of weight. At one point I asked him over the CB did he have an engine problem because he fall behind. He said he didn't. A few minutes later I asked him what RPM was he shifting at. He was taching out every time before he shifted.🤦🏽‍♂️ I quickly explained a few things to him about shifting and then he didn't have any problems keeping up. He said no one had ever explained it to him like I did. The next time I ran across him he told he'd also had a noticeable increase in fuel mileage.

@obelic71

Жыл бұрын

Older riverbarges have those old slow reving industrial diesel engines. very low fuelburn /smoke and high torq

@marianmarkovic5881

Жыл бұрын

Well thats true,.. but when thing went bad, and there is no ADBlue, modern diesel just stops,... meanwhile good old aircooled diesel light trucks are immortal,...

@obelic71

Жыл бұрын

@@marianmarkovic5881 pure mechanical diesel engines only stop when there is no fuel, air or a mechanical failure. f.e. The 2stroke EMD 567 diesel engines are almost bullitproof when corectly maintained and power(ed) diesel locomotives / ships / generators around the world. Detroit Diesel / Deutz aircooled diesels are build to survive the apocalypse.

@enfield7123

Жыл бұрын

Good comment I have a diesel would not have a petrol And definitely not an electric 👍🇬🇧

Problem with the particulate filters is that they get clogged unless the car is regularly drives fast for a longer distance. Which will not happen in city driving. Hence some owners remove the filter :( which then had the result that authorities are blocking all diesel cars in some areas.

@jcevans6934

8 ай бұрын

We had an Audi A3 diesel that would frequently go into 'limp' mode and eventually splashed out on a new Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), which is very expensive. We talked to a lot of diesel car drivers and were somewhat alarmed by the fact that most of the taxi drivers had taken their cars to a dodgy back-street garage that had bypassed the filter. Although this modification is supposed to be spotted during the vehicle's annual check, judging by the black smoke emitted from many diesels I have reason to doubt this is successful.

@pizzablender

8 ай бұрын

@@jcevans6934 One could say that these cars are unsuitable for many users.

@unconventionalideas5683

16 күн бұрын

That's why you can get some vehicles with what is called regeneration at idle, although it is clunky, doubles idle speed and increases fuel consumption, and takes about 45 minutes, according to estimates by Ford Motor Company, which does sell vehicles equipped with such a feature if you want one, at least for commercial applications (vans, trucks, that sort of thing).

This was just like a reportage in the 8 pm News, just thoroughly overexplained and unbiased….! Awesome! 👏 thank you 🙏

The EGR does reduce NOX; however the lower combustion temps increase soot / particulates, and carbon . It's almost diabolical .

@HibikiKano

2 жыл бұрын

That is why the AdBlue thing is so genious. It binds almost all NOx so you can run your diesel with minimal PM and just pick up the NOx even on a cold engine. In the garage my 2019 Euro 6 Škoda Octavia in it's 3 years did not stain the wall behind it one bit. Just a generation older Passat next to mine did. You can really see the difference that blue piss does in your car. EDIT: the walls were painted right after we got the car, so I can be certain that all cars had the same ammount of time to stain it.

@tomr6955

Жыл бұрын

Yeah I really want to get rid of my egr. It might be good for keeping particulates in but you need to replace your engine!

@v12-s65

Жыл бұрын

@@tomr6955 my 2011 passat has 283'100km on it and it's the diesel gate engine. On the other hand my dad's 2016 evoque td4 has 207'000km on it, even though work is 5km away

@panoramix2656

Жыл бұрын

@@HibikiKano nobody talks about ad blue while ebery diesel sold has it these days, and it makes diesel maybe with exeption from gasoline the cleanest car around.

@HibikiKano

Жыл бұрын

@@panoramix2656 Nah it can be cleaner than gasoline. You can run the NOx to the maxx and reduce particles to zero and scoop up all of them in the blue piss. Certainly less CO2. Am ready to be surprised how synthetic fuels will mix up things. Making synthetic diesel is far simpler than gasoline. With how messed up fuel is now maybe they will start making economic sense. Personally I'd quite like the new diesel + synthetic fuel from a sun powerd Fischer-Tropsch combo. If it becomes available. I'd prefer it to having a 1T batery under my feet.

I would like to include a point about combustion engines, it is the noise. Everybody that lives in a apartment in front of a street with regular traffic will wake up in early morning, lest say 5:00 am with the noise of increasing number of cars and busses passing by. One can notice how better and longer one can sleep at holidays and weekends. This is the daily life in any medium to big size city in south America.

@SabineHossenfelder

2 жыл бұрын

I know exactly what you mean. Main reason I don't want to live in a big city!

@thirdeye4654

2 жыл бұрын

@@SabineHossenfelder Not buying a car is an option. A big city doesn't have to be like this, but politics of the past forced it to be. We merely accept the environment we live in as something unchangeable and given, but it's not.

@JonFrumTheFirst

2 жыл бұрын

I live in an American suburb, and at about 4:00AM this morning the first chirping birds woke me up.

@bjorsam6979

2 жыл бұрын

@@JonFrumTheFirst and then you take your car to your job, passing loads of other peoples houses, filling their ears with birdsong generated by your car's tyres and engine?

@dieselgeezer18

2 жыл бұрын

modern car engines are dead silent. You can barely hear anything. Most of the noise in cities now comes from the tires of passenger cars and big truck, bus engines.

Great video. Takes skill to make particulate matter interesting. I also enjoy the seamlessness of the NordVPN plug transitions

As you said. Not every car/engine is the same. I had some turbo petrol engines and now I have modern Diesel engine. TDI EVO is very clean engine and in many cases it’s cleaner than many petrol engines. It’s great for longer trips outside of town on highways. For driving in town I will choose hybrid car or EV. For shorter trips in mixture (city/country roads) the petrol engine is better. Best for emissions is to walk or ride a bicycle.

I resisted diesel cars until I bought a Ford Ranger with a 4 cylinder 2.2L Duratorq-TDCi Euro-6 diesel engine. This is by far one of the most reliable vehicles I have ever owned. It has more than enough power for anything I do, is extremely fuel efficient and produces only 170g/km of CO2. At the same weight it gets better fuel economy on the highway than my friend's Prius. And at only 80mg NOx, it is almost at the bottom of your graph. I live in a warm climate though, so I have no idea how this might perform in a colder area. I can't tell you what to do, but for me, the choice between diesel and gasoline/petrol is now a non issue. I have had to replace only 1 glow plug in nearly 200,000 km. I wouldn't trade my reliable, low emission diesel for anything. And best of all, having been on the market for over 6 years, there are many of these available on the second hand market.

@feraudyh

2 жыл бұрын

My Dacia Sandero produces 115g/km of CO2.

@SladkaPritomnost

2 жыл бұрын

How did you measure these "170g/km of CO2"?

@bartk07

2 жыл бұрын

@@SladkaPritomnost not measured, read from the specs.

@tomr6955

Жыл бұрын

Surely you would have been better for the environment by keeping your old car?? Buying another new or used car surely has way more impact by a long stretch

@rogerphelps9939

Жыл бұрын

170 gm/km of CO2 is pretty abysmal.

You did well explaining the different pollutants (retired air quality monitoring guy here) as well as the health risks for the pollutants. Probably could've added a little about ozone being a by product pollutants of several different pollutants and uv light but that really wasn't what you were stressing with the video and you crammed a lot of info into a little time. Well done.

@rebornkingofthule7067

2 жыл бұрын

Let's see how much integrity you actually have. Are all quantitative measures b*******

@khasab6124

2 жыл бұрын

Aww that's nice. She'll enjoy a little pat on the head. _Good girl, good girl_ you are aware that Sabine is a theoretical physicist, who researches quantum gravity. She is a Research Fellow at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies where she leads the Superfluid Dark Matter group. That might go somewhat towards accounting for how she understands the basic functioning of car engines and the pollutants they produce

@johnperalta9415

2 жыл бұрын

"THEORETICAL" physicist

@khasab6124

2 жыл бұрын

@@johnperalta9415 oh dear is the word "theoretical" confusing you

@msromike123

2 жыл бұрын

@@khasab6124 Oh, sorry. You can't compliment anyone without demeaning them? Get a grip, stop being so hyper-sensitive and easily triggered.

Great video and thanks for explaining the science. The recommendation should be based on your use case, if you do a high proportion of city driving then electric or hybrid makes sense, if longer tourneys then hybrid or diesel/petrol is a better choice. It seems that hybrid is good compromise, ie big selection of used cars and good in many scenarios, Toyotas hybrid drivetrain is well proven and reliable.

Well prepared and presented. Very interesting information that is understandable. Thank you for sharing. Everyone stay warm, safe, happy and healthy. From Henrico County Virginia

2:15 The first and probably only time I will ever correct Sabine: no detonations (explosions) by design, just carefully crafted deflagration (slow burning). Detonations ("knock") are abnormal in internal combustion engines (excluding actual detonation engines) and result damage.

@plainText384

2 жыл бұрын

I think a lot of people (especially non native speakers) might not be familiar with the term deflagration. Sometimes simplicity over accuracy can be a valid choice in science communication, when the inaccuracy isn't important for the topic you're explaining. The differences in the way diesel and gasoline engines produce power is already a bit of a tangent to the health effects of their emissions, so explaining the differences between deflagration and detonation might just not be something that needed to be in a video about the effects of different kinds of polution.

@erikziak1249

2 жыл бұрын

Noticed that too. Made me smile. Nobody is perfect.

@flaviochuahy3440

2 жыл бұрын

There are no deflagrations in diesel engines. Its a mixing limited diffusion dominated flame. Deflagrations happen in premixed mixtures. Also, knock is not detonation, knock is end gas auto ignition, there is no requirement for supersonic propagation (detonation)

@janami-dharmam

2 жыл бұрын

Only roughly true; it is an explosion or detonation when the spark is applied. Yes, explosion or detonation causes irreversibility and must be reduced for better performance. So we add anti-knock compounds. It is still an explosion but on a slower scale. And that is the only reason that IC engines can operate efficiently only on a narrow RPM range.

@johnsmith1474

2 жыл бұрын

@@plainText384 - ? Wtf everyone here has the Internet and can look up deflagration, and LEARN something.

Dear Sabine, That is a cracking good video. I happen to have a masters in internal combustion engineering and have worked in the engine research world. It is fantastic that you you put so much accurate good sense information, well explained, all in one video. Congratulations John Hancock

@anslicht4487

Жыл бұрын

It's meaningful when someone like you with a degree in the field applauds her work. (MSEE here but clueless on this stuff).

@spook_dad

Жыл бұрын

as a lapsed chemical engineer, I have to agree with you wholeheartedly this was a fantastic episode

@TechToWatch

Жыл бұрын

So....which car should she buy?

@robertjennings397

Жыл бұрын

Hyundai hybrid.

@stevieneilson2451

Жыл бұрын

So what is best a modern diesel or petrol?

Years ago when we still used carburetors in stead of fuel injection, the emission test guy would take a screwdriver and adjust the carb so that the vehicle could pass, then he would turn it back to where it had been, tell you your car had failed the emissions test and now you have to go find a mechanic to repair it to make it pass. I would say “what are you doing that for? Why don’t you just leave it set where you adjusted it to and pass me?” but No! they were always burdening the motorist with the obligation to spend money to have run their cars through again. aghh! what a pain in the rear that was. 🙄😩

Wonderful video. I’d love to see what the contribution from jet exhaust is for those of us living by major airports.

@1crazypj

Жыл бұрын

I always wondered about jet exhaust, it can't be good when your deliberately putting particulate in the atmosphere at 30¬80,000 feet

@LuMaxQFPV

8 ай бұрын

EVs aren't based on a reliable or mature storage science yet, and we are hurting our planet pulling out Lithium. They are overpriced, a pain in the ass on long trips, and dangerously overweight, meaning tires wear out, and more damage is done to roads and bridges. THINK the WHOLE picture.

Diesels also use DEF (diesel exhaust fluid) to treat their emissions. I’ve always wondered about the science behind it.

@decibel333

2 жыл бұрын

Looks like solid and simple chemistry... DEF is urea and water....converts to ammonia which then reduces NOx over a catalyst to nitrogen and water in the exhaust. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid?wprov=sfla1

@krausrepair1171

2 жыл бұрын

Not if you get an older one

@greatPretender79

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks I was wondering this since the beginning of the video

@iritantNL

2 жыл бұрын

Add blue is how they sell piss and make you believe its good for you.

@iritantNL

2 жыл бұрын

Why do planes and big ships don't have catalytic converter, particulate filters and add blue?

Best explanation I've seen so far about diesel emissions. I often wondered how all the new emissions that require regeneration cycles that burn a lot more fuel could reduce pollution.

@1112viggo

2 жыл бұрын

Every video this woman makes is "the best explanation I've seen so far" on every topic. She is very thorough(considering the complexity of the subjects), and always unbiased. A true treasure of the scientific community.

@lordgarion514

2 жыл бұрын

Accept it doesn't burn that much extra fuel at all. And I was studying agriculture in the late 1980s, I learned that a full size Chevy van needed 35 horsepower to go 55 mph down the highway on level ground. if you've got a 200 horsepower engine, and you knock 30 horsepower off of it, you haven't done much unless you are really pushing the engine.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@lordgarion514 *except And that's not the point. It's about keeping that unburnt fuel OUT of the air, not increasing hp or anything else.

@lordgarion514

2 жыл бұрын

@@MaryAnnNytowl Talk to Google voice about that. As far as your second part, reread the OP, and then reread my comment. And pay attention this time. Actually you probably won't get it, so I'll explain. I mentioned the HP reduction because you're really not burning more fuel. At least not in the sense that they program it to pump more fuel into the engine, they don't. The engine has more than enough power, as I explained with a VERY simple example....... Of you need 50hp, and your engine makes 100, they're not going to have it pump extra fuel....... So you get a slight, and basically irrelevant HP reduction. Not extra fuel pumped through the system for no reason.

@duggydo

2 жыл бұрын

@@lordgarion514 you’ve obviously never had to sit with a piece of equipment running on a regen cycle for 20-30 minutes after you are finished with it. You’re a *insert favorite derogatory term* who likes to argue.

this is what you should do: if it's giong to be a second hand car -> petrol/gasoline is the way to go (maybe install LPG to drive cheaper if you do lots of KM). If you are going to buy a brand new car, then it could be an option to get a diesel, it depends a bit on how many Kilometers you drive per year. If it's like 20K or less, go for gas/petrol if it's more than 20K KM/year, then you could consider a diesel, OR you could still go for gasoline/petrol and install that LPG tank, giving you a cleaner exhaust and very low particulates and is so far still a cheap solution to drive. Though I have to add the remark that LPG also has a few downsides; it's potency is not as high as gasoline/petrol, so you lose a few HP while using it (but can always switch to the other fuel if you need those HP's), and second downside is that you'll be banned from a lot of underground parking garages because they fear your tank might leak LPG which will turn that underground parking in a open-air-bomb which can ignite the moment somebody walks in with a cigarette, turns the lights on or create any little spark from static electricity or car-ignition... (it's sad that bad-maintained cars caused this and the people that do maintain their cars properly are also the victim of this)

So if the smaller particulates are inflicting more damage, wouldn't it make more sense to drop all filters, and let engines create as big/heavy particles as possible, which just fall to the ground? 🤔

@santiagovasquez1404

Жыл бұрын

no.

A couple of years ago I was in the same position of having to buy a new (used) car. With electrical ones being still too expensive, I've decided for a small gasoline driven one (Aygo). I find it quite economical. We even used it to go to holiday in Italy and Austria twice. But it's also ideal if you live in a big city like Frankfurt, where parking space is potentially hard to come by.

@cesarmaldonadomercad

2 жыл бұрын

Good thinking.

@AverageAlien

2 жыл бұрын

Pussy cares about economical cars 😂😂😂😂

@33LB

2 жыл бұрын

@@annah.72 are you me? i too, am an aygo owner, and i also praise the aygo's ability to park into tiny spaces and transport ikea furniture. i don't know why everyone insists they need a massive car- i've managed to squeeze massive ikea packages into the aygo. what on earth are people trying to transport that they insist an aygo is too small?

@ash8128

Жыл бұрын

Some people have larger families, with children and pets. In addition, bigger cars are often more comfortable. Finally, and most importantly, bigger car is often a better status signal. You can laugh about it, but it does not make it go away.

@davidb2206

Жыл бұрын

@@ash8128 "Status symbol" needs to go away. The people I respect the most are the ones who walk and do not want a car. I once knew a multi-millionaire, founder of a successful chain of businesses -- who did not own a car and took only public transportation anywhere in his country. Total respect for him. He was not a youngster at the time I knew him, either.

I love how you breakdown the issue from different angles.

This reminds me of a guy used to work with he would turn on all the exhaust fans even in the middle of winter sucking all the heat out of the building cause there was welding going on in the building claiming he couldn't breath as he lit a Marlboro

What about the diesel used in extracting cobalt and shipped for batteries?

Sabine - Diesel is used in most cases, especially in industry due to its lower flash point which means it is safer to use than gasoline! I worked in heavy industry for over 40 years and everybody always seems to prefer diesel over electric or propane for their mobile equipment due to diesel's better reliability, and rock steady performance and no failures at the most inconvenient times. And all newer diesel mobile equipment have the latest eco-friendly non polluting exhaust systems for better care of mother Earth.

@juliogonzo2718

Жыл бұрын

DPF/SCR issues are costly and make modern diesels much less reliable. A coworkers truck at work collected snow and ice on the def line which broke and puked all the def onto the road today, causing the truck to derate. If I was going to buy a light commercial vehicle I would go with gasoline for now. More fuel burn, but more reliability. For heavier trucks and equipment diesel is a no brainer and gas is not available anyway.

@antoniocolo3119

Жыл бұрын

Greenwashing for guilt profit is not green

@CM0N3Y2021

Жыл бұрын

Diesel has a higher flashpoint

@Mikefngarage

Жыл бұрын

FROM A TAILPIPE STANDPOINT.....that is one thing. From a Manufacturing standpoint...That is another. Ad it all up and nothing is clean.....Just get rid of people then we will be just fine. ha ha.

@antoniocolo3119

Жыл бұрын

@@Mikefngarage we could start with getting rid of media opinion formed idiots, and unintelligent, under educated, sanctimonious toss pots first. Then re-evaluate what's remaining. Most politician psychopaths would probably be on the first heap.

This is excellent. Thanks.One afternoon in 1982, I took a car through a government test facility numerous times, adjusting the carburetor between tests. On the next to last one, the test-tech said, "You're almost there! Just lean it a little more."

I worked as a railroad conductor for many years, the engine ran on diesel, the fumes full of lead, made us sick. One of the guys started having seizures.

Dear Sabine. I have both diesel 2013 and petrol 2001 cars. None of them emits pollution because I have installed a very small fuel cell which only uses 0.5A 12v. When tested at an approved workshop, no contamination whatsoever was found. The fuel cell is produced in Portugal. And I paid for them myself. Claus from Denmark

@_Alfa.Bravo_

Жыл бұрын

What is the name of producer ? What fuel does the Cell need please ? Methanol or Buthan gas ?

Something that seldom gets a mention is LPG powered cars, I own 2 Dual Fuel astras ..emissions from lpg is very low, there was time when every major car manufacturer offered an LPG version

@takeiteasy6154

Жыл бұрын

Shot down by the big boys

I'm a retired secondary school science master. One of my ex students lives next door. He's a very enthusiastic and competent car mechanic. His problem with diesel powered cars is that modern ones are prone to sooting up and needing expensive maintenance. In part this is due to the filter cleaning mechanism you mentioned. The cleaning cycle needs to operate while the engine is running and for short trips there isn't enough time for the cycle to complete. Result can be a clogged exhaust followed by a sooted up engine. His advice would be that a diesel car would be more suitable if you mostly drive for extended distances. This gives the engine enough time to keep itself (relatively) clean. Thanks for the videos. I enjoy listening for the Deütsch embedded in your beautifully narrated English.

@rebornkingofthule7067

2 жыл бұрын

Designed to fail from the get-go your friend is far too generous

@mars_12345

2 жыл бұрын

The issue is with users and awareness. If the trips are really that short, just make a longer one once in a while. Then, if the cycle starts, keep the engine running till it ends. People simply don't know or ignore this and then go with "why my car is so faulty?!". Just read the manual. Or, if you really know the main usage will be a 2 km trip to the supermarket, just buy gasoline one. So coming back to the "awareness", but at the buying point.

@roberthayward9299

2 жыл бұрын

@@rebornkingofthule7067 You're presenting conjecture as fact. Planned obsolescence does exist but I see no evidence that this small diesel engine problem is an example. I've owned three diesel powered vehicles but only the most recent one was fitted with the kind of exhaust system Sabine discusses. That's not to say there's no room for scepticism here but where I'm sceptical is in relation to her statement that she can't afford an electric vehicle.

Never getting rid of my 03 Jetta ALH! Bone stock getting 45mpgs. Can't beat it. Especially with how screwed we are all getting with fuel prices!

Sabine, From a North American perspective, get a Prius, for the foreseeable future hybrid is the best solution. Get a new one. If like me, a new car is off the table… get a low mileage, well-maintained 2nd Gen Prius. You’ll love it. Love your videos! 👍🏼👍🏼

Great video Sabine. Im from South Chile and I can confirm that almost everybody uses firewood for heating and some algo for cooking.

Remember when our grand parents used lead in their gasoline? I think that the worst thing that people did in the 20th century was converting cities in roads for combustion vehicles. In a few decades people will see what we did with the cars something as awful as what happened during the industrial revolution with the smog.

@autohmae

2 жыл бұрын

combustion cars compared to EVs also create a lot of noise pollution, people will be amazed over time how things have changed.

@nettlesoup

2 жыл бұрын

General aviation piston engine flights still use lead in their petrol (avgas). So if you're living downwind of a small airport with lots of small engined aircraft taxiing and taking off, check the lead levels in the air and water.

As an Emission Engineer for a US Heavy Vehicle OEM - you mentioned DPF's required since 2007 in North America but you neglect mentioning SCR's required since 2010 in North America. Also, if you really want to see very high emissions, look at ships; cruise and freight and locomotives. Ships burn the heavy bunker oil that is very high in sulfur, and trains to my knowledge have no emissions reduction systems installed yet here in the US. DPF = Diesel Particulate Filter Also, you are correct that a regeneration occurs in the DPF to change the collect soot to ash, but at some point they need to be cleaned of the accumulated ash. FSX out of Washington State makes some very good equipment to clean the ash from the DPF's. This can be sold to cement companies! SCR = Selective catalytic reduction These are after the DPF and use DEF (Diesel Emissions Fluid: Urea) to react in the SCR to change the Urea to Ammonia which then changes the NOx's to harmless Water and N2. To keep the negative sulfur reactions, low sulfur fuel has been required since 2007 in North America. However, the emission regulations from CARB are getting more and more onerous, CARB is openly admitting they are now using these regulations to remove ICE vehicles from the roads. At this point it has little to do with reducing emissions. My German relatives were always bewildered that we in the US were ahead of them in emissions reductions. I still have my 2004 Jetta TDI that on one trip cross county got 56 mpg with two people and 3 dogs.

This an excellent video, it leans into the science and doesn't impose your personal bias. A very rare trait to find on KZread. If you were interested in a follow up, I would look at the waste products of diesel engines and what happens when their now complex emission control systems begin to fail. I have a decade of experience at a technician and in fleet management, my insights on this have led me away from diesel, despite my old Volvo 5 cylinder turbo diesel being a very nice vehicle. In countries where electricity is generated by renewable and nuclear sources, EV's make sense. For the rest of the world, hybrids in any guise are a fantastic option for the transition. Personally, I love driving and motorsport, so there will always be a high revving petrol among my own "fleet".

Sabine, in your video you asked for advice about what to do about your car conundrum. Our solution was a Chevy Volt, which can still be had in a low mileage used version. My better half uses it as her daily commuter, 16 miles round trip. we fuel the car once or twice a year for a road trip of 60 miles or more, otherwise we use Zero gas. So as my license plate frame says " Gas? What GAS? WE DON'T NEED NO STINKING GAS!"

@brianjonker510

Жыл бұрын

R U that ignorant. Chevy is not sold in Europe.

@johngotschall

Жыл бұрын

@@brianjonker510 I have bought and sold many items across the pond including cars.

As an electric car owner- I drive a 2013 Nissan Leaf which I bought used! I might suggest that you research used electric vehicles before you purchase your next car! Good luck Sabine! I greatly appreciate your KZread videos which I find to be very informative! Oh yes my mom's dad was born in Germany! Keep up the good work Sabine! Guten Tag!

@patricescattolin43

2 жыл бұрын

And remember that EV have a lot less maintenance so while you might pay more on the car, you save on maintenance hopefully lower TCO.

@AndrewBlucher

2 жыл бұрын

Hi Lynda, please tell us more about your Leaf! What it cost, how the battery is going, what range you get. Regards, Andy

@jamesphillips2285

2 жыл бұрын

@@AndrewBlucher In my research (considered buying one), they start with a 24kWh battery (160km range), and it degrades from there. Range depends heavily on speed (highway speeds can halve the range, as can extreme cold). Leafs are not suitable for road trips due to a lack of active cooling for the battery. If it is equipped with fast charging, you apparently get 1 fast charge before overheating the battery. Early leafs may have only a 3kW L2 charger (6kW charging was part of the SV or SL model upgrade in 2013 -- 2011/2012 were all 3kW).

@nmccw3245

2 жыл бұрын

Even with its limited range, my used 2015 LEAF has been a great commuter car despite the loss of range due to battery degradation.

I would note that the US limits are in practice more effective because PM 2.5 is generally the size that is most problematic from a health perspective.

Those polluting wood stoves in Chili are merely fireboxes, probably 50 - 250 grams per hour of particulates. Modern EPA 2020-standard wood burning stoves are regulated to only 2.5 gph, or less. many are only 1.5. The city of Montreal, for example does not allow the use of legacy fireplaces, unless upgraded to an EPA 2020 Fireplace insert. They burn smoke free with an insulated secondary burn system that combusts the smoke at about 1000F with slowed exhaust travel. In comparison, a typical firebox burns at about 600F with no smoke travel restrictions, and about 800F at full blast.

Good review. One thing in that matters a lot in cities is air flows. Where the air flow rotates particulates separate out and concentrate. Also buildings create "canyons" that have the effect of concentrating pollution. Averages may suggest the air quality is OK but many locations will have poor air quality.

@edward_grabczewski

Жыл бұрын

I remember when I worked in central London around 1988, walking at ground level below Euston Tower (by Warren St tube station) when it was windy practically blew you off your feet! On one occasion the Prudential building opposite actually had some windows blown out by the wind causing a vacuum as it blowed down the Euston Road (leading to St Pancras and Kings Cross stations.) Now that's what I call air flow!

@dmitripogosian5084

Жыл бұрын

@@edward_grabczewski I remember in early 90-s in central London air was deadly to breathe. 1/2 in an open cafe near busy troughfare was given headache even to young me. It is amazing how cleaner the air is now in the most western cities.

I like your presentation. If all people were more open to listening to the advances of modern science and engineering they would be less into grabbing a single idea and never considering anything else regardless of study, examples and results. Thank you for your clear explanations.

@wallacegrommet9343

Жыл бұрын

It’s too much work going from uninformed to informed, so most people detour through being misinformed

@marianmarkovic5881

Жыл бұрын

Problem is, what now,... some suggestions for Euro 7 are completly crazy, EV cars my end up as failture. There is also one more bad thing about pushing automotive industry too hard,... smal cars - completly vanished from market, and SUV become thing. Why? Extra 3-10k€ expanses are easier hiden in car which cost 25k than the ones which cost 8-10k and whit cars became bigger, they need more energy, ergo more fuel,...

@rallymaniac92

Жыл бұрын

​@@marianmarkovic5881 As opposed to pushing people to buy new or electric cars, the focus should be on improving urban planning so that people don't need a car or don't need to use their car as often. Far too many things are set up to be car-friendly, with the US being one of the worst offenders Another example is the amount of people commuting long distances for work. I'm an example: my job may only be 26 km away, but by train it takes a whooping 40-50 min for the journey, depending on the time of day. Add the fact that it's with the Deutsche Bahn (the worst rail company in Europe), and you can see how much time is wasted simply on commuting. I can do the same trip by car in 30 min (traffic-dependent), or 55 min by bicycle. I try to cycle to work as often as I can, but I'm only human... Better urban planning would make the most sense, but no one would make money from such a sensible policy.

@marianmarkovic5881

Жыл бұрын

@@rallymaniac92 there is another prolem,.. prices of Flats(in many cities) skyrocketed so hard, that for many is only option buying(or renting) house in rural region, which also mean need of car(more likely 2-3 cars) .

@rallymaniac92

Жыл бұрын

​@@marianmarkovic5881 You're right, and a big problem is the lack of social or affordable housing. The prices are obscene for any new development...

I’m an Aussie and I drive a V8 turbo diesel… it has a 170L long range fuel tank. Driving economically I can stretch a full tank to almost 1000km. When a common highway sign for us is no fuel for the next 2, 3, 4, 5 hundred km. This isn’t because the service stations are out it’s because they don’t exist. A common sight here is petrol cars with several fuel cans strapped to the roof not because the fuel was cheap it’s because they don’t have the range they need to get to the next fill point. Obviously I live in a very remote area and the cities are much better suited to cleaner or “greener” options.

Thanks for the informative and compact presentation. Whats worth mentioning is that particle filters and recirculation decrease efficency and thus increase CO2 emissions. Cars with those need on average 1-2L more diesel than comparables without.

@michaelmoersch8788

Жыл бұрын

And also: filters don't take out particulates for good. the filters clean from time to time, blowing it all out again...

I'm glad you touch on the dangers of these smaller particles.

The European fascination with one litre turbo charged engines is exactly the same trick as "diesel gate". The "low emissions and low fuel consumption " that these small engines "achieve " are at low RPM when the turbo is not spooled up and functioning fully. Under normal driving and normal RPM the turbo will ram twice as much air into the engine and the ECU will inject twice as much fuel. You can see where this is going. The one litre turbo engines "look" efficient, but in real world driving they are less efficient than larger capacity engines. Edit to add, my opinion would be, a second hand Nissan leaf can be found for not too much money and will return around 80 miles reliably per charge, or for a car that will only do local short distances and occasional long journeys, a naturally aspirated (no turbo) 1.4 litre petrol engine would be the most fuel efficient and least polluting, or for a car required to do long journeys, a 2.0 litre turbo diesel engined car would have the performance required for motorway driving and will still return reasonable miles per gallon. So in other words, buy a Golf.

@Angl0sax0nknight

2 жыл бұрын

I’m not a smog tech but I did notice at least in my city that diesel trucks are smog tested on a dyno. To get real world results on spool and load.

Great video. I don't dispute the science of this discussion, but one thing that I never hear discussed is... If I run my gasoline car in a closed garage I will die very quickly. If I run my diesel car in a closed garage I might get a headache and may or may not succumb to a medical condition years in the future.

@FranzJStrauss

Жыл бұрын

It is challenging to provide a specific comparison between an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle and a battery electric vehicle (BEV) without knowing the exact models and specifications. However, I can give you a general overview of the differences in emissions and other factors between the two types of vehicles. Greenhouse gas emissions: ICE vehicles emit CO2 and other greenhouse gases directly through their tailpipe emissions. In contrast, BEVs have zero tailpipe emissions. However, BEVs still have some emissions associated with the production of the electricity they use. The emissions of BEVs depend on the energy mix of the electricity grid. In regions with a high share of renewable energy, BEVs tend to have much lower lifecycle emissions than ICE vehicles. Air pollutants: ICE vehicles emit air pollutants such as NOx, SOx, and particulate matter, which contribute to air pollution and have negative impacts on human health. BEVs do not produce these emissions from their operation, but there may be some associated with the production of the electricity they use, depending on the energy mix. Energy efficiency: BEVs are generally more energy-efficient than ICE vehicles, as electric motors are more efficient at converting energy into motion than internal combustion engines. This means that BEVs typically require less energy to travel the same distance as an ICE vehicle, resulting in lower energy costs and emissions. Raw materials and recycling: BEVs require raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel for their batteries. These materials have environmental impacts associated with their extraction and production. However, as you mentioned, many components of BEVs, including batteries, can be recycled, which helps to reduce the overall environmental impact. In contrast, the fossil fuels burned in ICE vehicles are non-renewable and are lost forever once consumed. While exact numbers depend on the specific vehicles, driving conditions, and regional factors, BEVs generally have lower greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants, and overall environmental impacts than ICE vehicles. As the electricity grid becomes cleaner with more renewable energy, the environmental advantages of BEVs over ICE vehicles will continue to grow.

@oldretireddude

Жыл бұрын

@@FranzJStrauss Not sure why you attached this to my comment. I mentioned nothing about battery cars. I understand the need to go electric, but I was focusing on the diesel suddenly bad, gasoline good way of thinking. Gasoline brought us lead contamination for decades, civil aviation is still spewing it overhead. Certainly not good that mfrs cheated to get numbers but, I'll repeat gasoline tailpipe emissions will kill me now, diesel tailpipe emissions might kill me years down the road. Yet we act like diesel emissions are suddenly rolling death machines. It's a problem that will take care of itself as electric takes over. Spending research investment and subsequent consumer investment on a cleaner diesel, especially on the consumer end is a waste of resources that could be spent on furthering electric adaption.

I have worked repairing petrol and diesel pumps for thirty four years on forecourts I am 70 .I have friends who have done the same ,one lived to 90 years of age one is 88 years and still going strong none of us have had any breathing problems. Years ago there were people saying you would get cancer if you breathed in a lot of fumes well up till now I'm ok

As with many commenters, I love diesel too. A virtuous aspect of buying a second hand car is you're keeping it in good running condition for it's lifetime, rather than wastefully buying new every few years. If you're based in Germany, I recommend buying something durable / reliable, German and Euro 5 diesel or above. You need to be doing some highway driving for the DPF to get cleaned.

@raven4k998

Жыл бұрын

diesel will be replaced with french fry oil soon and then the time of renewable fuels will take over for internal combustion vehicles over oil and gasoline

Thank you for this great video! A point I was missing is the contribution of small two-stroke engines, like in motorized rollers. While their emissions are terribly high, cities have a hard time banning them because they are mainly used by people with low-income and alternatives are significantly more expensive.

@m1225753

2 жыл бұрын

Damn man, I've a 2 stroke engine Vespa and it makes me feel bad that it makes a lot of pollution.

@franklittle8124

2 жыл бұрын

@@m1225753 I have a battery-electric maxi-size scooter (100+ kph speed) that was made primarily with Chinese components (including the lithium batteries) by a now long out of business startup company in the USA. Why such forms of transportation never caught on is inexplicable.

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

@@m1225753 don't feel too bad. The NOx levels are really low (low combustion temperatures). The particulates that you can see are mostly large oil droplets that fall out in minutes.

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

@@franklittle8124 Vectrix? BMW has just released their own electric maxiscooter.

@franklittle8124

2 жыл бұрын

@@gasdive No, It was called the "Current Motor Company" - they started up about the same time as the Vectrix. Besides the problems with selling the idea of 2 wheel transportation for day to day use in the USA, they, like Vectrix, rolled out a premature product full of design defects - and no access to service. This is very similar to Mercedes Benz and their 2013-2016 Smart ED. If the owner allowed the 12volt battery to go flat during storage or by leaving a light on, the $20,000 traction battery would self-destruct, rendering the car a total loss. Most Smart ED's ended up in the junkyard over a period of just 4 years that way. Mercedes-Benz never acknowledged this problem. Sabine is right. German businesses can be as unscrupulous as Chinese ones.

I have turned down the max fuel setting on various diesels to get the emissions down. I was never sure if it was necessary, I just wanted to be sure of passing the test. But I left them turned down and put up with the poor performance. What car to buy? A hybrid, diesel or petrol. I want to convert one to woodgas. Please do a video on woodgas cars. My current vehicle is a 1999 Transit tipper truck. 2.5-litre diesel. My 2006 Peugeot 307 1.6 diesel is off the road until I fix it ready for the MoT test.

Things to take in consideration: 1. Do you really need a car? 2. How much and where do you commute? Long drive/short drive? City or rural? 3. What is your budget. Electric if you can, then hybrid, small petrol engine car (cf 2 for the appropriate choice.and consider secondhand.

Hi Sabine, Thanks for the excellent talk. As a former owner of a VW GOLF diesel I can highly recommend it s a car for you. While I was still driving I found driving a diesel had another subtle, but very definite advantage. If there was a run on gasoline at the Dallas gas stations, with lines around the block because of a severe storm in Galvaston, I could wait until the gas station gasoline tanks were dry; the lines of cars were gone, and then I could drive up to a diesel pump and always find diesel fuel for my car. I also like the performance of the GOLF diesel, I called it a reincarnation of my 356B PORSCHE. Ciao

@davidlawrenson2103

Жыл бұрын

What a very sensible, intelligent and informed lady. So diesels aren't bogey men after all! Who would have thought?

@MrJethroB

Жыл бұрын

In Europe thats inverted, most cars are diesel. Although small petrol engines have become more popular over the last few years after some significant engineering upgrades

@DavidB7474

Жыл бұрын

Yeah you can’t argue with the anti Internal combustion engine crowd. As soon as the tax breaks, and the new in thing wears off. When the science actually shows the truth that ev cars are horrible for the environment and the planet, I’m gonna be standing there going “told ya so”!!! 😂😂🤣🤣

@julesviolin

Жыл бұрын

@@davidlawrenson2103 old diesel engines pre 2010 are still very bad. Just look at the data

@artktm990r8

Жыл бұрын

One thing she did not mention that Gas gets wasted twice as quicker than diesel therefore you make more pollution with gas Diesel's more efficient has lower RP m's of the gasoline engine . My vw golf tdi is 1.9 And going down a highway a 120 km I'm sitting at 200 rpm The same vehicle that would be gasoline would be a 2 l And going down a highway SIM speed it's going on 2000 RPM, Gasoline vehicle has 60 l to a tank And you only get 6 to 700 km on a highway My TDI has the same 60 l tank and I get 1200 km to a tank so now how is it more pollution

I have exactly the same decision to make this year, with similar financial constraints, so it feels like you’ve made this excellent presentation just for me☝️😊

@fredygump5578

2 жыл бұрын

I would suggest that the emissions on vehicles from the last 10 years or so are all quite good. (Especially the demonized VW diesels...they are actually the best diesels for emissions...ironically!) Consider that diesel emissions are lowest when the vehicle is warmed up, and it takes time to warm up. So if you only drive short distances, the diesel engine never gets warm enough to run properly. And when the diesel engine is cold, the emissions are much worse than when the engine is warm. So diesel is great for traveling long distance, but gas is much better for short distances.

@dewiz9596

2 жыл бұрын

@@fredygump5578 : so, a different “hybrid”. . . A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. . . Start-up as a gasoline (petrol) engine, the diesel kicks in after warm up. Yeah, I’m kidding, sort of. . . Pure BEV is the future.

@sjent

2 жыл бұрын

@@dewiz9596 If EVs are the future, then there wont be any cars in the future. They have way to many problems and considerably less efficient than ICEVs in most aspects. Only reason they are being pushed on so heavily is hype and absolutely insane governmental subsidies(same with all of this "renewable" nonsense).

@gasdive

2 жыл бұрын

Citroën Ami? Seems like a cheap solution for a European city dweller.

@steveboverie9432

2 жыл бұрын

The factors I would think about for choosing diesel or gasoline engines would be the price and availability of the fuels. Where I live, there are more fuel stations that sell gasoline and a few that sell both. The price of fuel is harder to gauge due to external events that make one or the other type of fuel more expensive. Another factor to consider is the fuel efficiency, diesel engines are more efficient and get better performance although with problems as described in the video. There are other alternatives like propane gas, liquified natural gas and even hydrogen gas.; these alternatives are more scarce and the engine problems are more difficult to repair by most service stations. Electric is another alternative but the electricity may be generated by fossil fuels.

3:16 High excess air causes NOx in part load regime. A solution is exhaust gas recirculation. This is the famous EGR valve that is prone to failure. Also ureum can be injected.

Hello, I love your sense of irony and humour. It’s refreshing to have quality and scientifically accurate content that’s a pleasure to watch. Could you please do a video on climate tipping points. Regards from Australia

Thank you for this great video! I also like a lot your videos about topics from theoretical physics and cosmology, but this one was special because it discusses science that is very closely related to real life decisions that everyone of us is facing.

@eliwilson3868

2 жыл бұрын

Really clear presentation of critical issue! Sabine looks like she is fit enough to run up high mileage on a high quality bicycle. Technology will not save us from corporate greed, but government limits that reward people for good environmental behavior might. Germany should reduce Sabine's taxes for every bicycle mile!

@bernhardhahn8639

2 жыл бұрын

@@eliwilson3868 Yes, I had the same thought. If living in a metropolitan area, a top quality e-bike in combination with public transport and/or car sharing could possibly make it unnecessary to buy a new car in the first place.

Weirdly enough, I was building some PM2.5/PM10 sensor units today! Data goes to 2 open source projects - OpenSenseMap & Luftdaten (both started in Germany, but are global projects). Given I was soldering things, the irony of generating PM to create things to detect/log PM wasn’t lost on me, particularly when I logged the baselines with/without proper ventilation of the solder fumes (use proper ventilation/filtration kids!)

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

Yep, I understand the problem. Have done a fair bit of soldering in my life (though not as much as my dad, whose career was based around it, and hobby was, too, LOL!), as well as welding of many kinds (even plastic welding, too), so I can understand needing ventilation. I also spent multiple decades painting (automotive paint with air paint cups/pots), so I can understand filtering out particulates, too!

Thank you for linking the sites you mentioned! The iqair one is super interesting 🙏🏽💗

An LPG instalation on a diesel engine reduces PM and NOX by 10-30% and it also increases lower rpm torque by 15%. The engine burns a mixture of 30% LPG and 70% diesel. I think i saw a paper that used a dci 75 dacia to produce those numbers. You can probably get a euro6 dci 3yo used dacia/renault sandero/clio for 8000-10000 eur. An LPG instalation in Croatia costs about 2000 eur. I guess you can do it Poland for a similar price. Hope this helps.

VW was just caught doing this, all the manufacturers actually did do this, just that they were not found out doing this, and VW was the only one who admitted publically to doing this. You make a very specific test to determine emissions, of course the car manufacturers will make a setting that will satisfy this, exact totally unlikely to achieve, setting.

@rocketsmall4547

2 жыл бұрын

those diesel vw were unsold and stashed somewhere. it most likely is going to be crushed. which makes no sense

@0Turbox

2 жыл бұрын

Seriously, that Diesel gate was blown out of proportion like few else. First, the software interfered only at about and over 130 Km/h. Means, not noteworthy in any country but Germany, because of speed limits. The US used it as pay back against the EU, because they penalized US companies before. Only 3 % of any VW car that was sold in the US was a Diesel. And they had to pay what in fines 16 billion? Toyota was charged 3 bill. for proven and self-induced deaths of more than 100 people, because of faulty car mats. The US did that to VW, because they know, VW is 25 % in government hands. They would never have done it with say BMW, because they are in family hands and can practically do whatever they want and also produce where they want it. Everyone acts like VW filled their cars with heavy oil and every green and other earth savers jumped on that bandwagon to use it for their own agendas.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@rocketsmall4547 it makes total sense. It's called recycling. Recycling things in a vehicle into new vehicles is much easier on our limited resources than letting them sit and rust away. Dunno what your issue is with it.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@0Turbox so... multinational corporations that deliberately break regulations by finding ways to hide their actual output of what's being regulated... shouldn't get punished. Riiiiiight. It's clear your stance on things is colored by far-right media sources, rather than things like reality and facts, simply by what you call people that have a teensy bit of respect for the planet and what's living on it with us. Such a sad, pathetic thing to see, a real wanker acting like corporations really are people, too, and those "people" should be able to break the law and get away with it.

@rocketsmall4547

2 жыл бұрын

@@MaryAnnNytowl energy time money to build car. cant pass emissions or something. crush it to do it again. how is that environmentaly friendly. do u know big trucks are exampt from emissions? the bigger they are the less emissions stander. actually is none. but small car. oh no cant no sell

Sabine, if you can't afford a new electric car I would suggest a small second hand hybrid. These cars use less fuel so all engine pollutants are reduced. When you take your foot off the accelerator to slow down and when you drive down a hill the electric motor switches to generator mode converting the car's kinetic energy into electricity to recharge the battery. This has two benefits: (1) reducing fuel use by using the added battery power and (2) reducing the wear on the brakes so fewer particles are emitted into the air by the brakes and they also last longer. Good luck with your new/not new car! Best wishes from Australia.

@brucestein988

2 жыл бұрын

I generally agree on a hybrid. And if it is a plug-in hybrid and you have a place to plug it in when at home, you may find you use little or no gas. I have a friend who has this and uses so little fuel that they are concerned that the gasoline in the tank may go stale.

@cookingonthego9422

2 жыл бұрын

Hybrids are OK new second hand has to much parts that will go bad and brake your wallet. After all its electric + combucion car + things that glue electric and combucion. Great when new not so much when falling apart.

@zlac

2 жыл бұрын

Second hand hybrid might have a dud battery and that could cost as much as one extra second hand car.

@rais1953

2 жыл бұрын

@@zlac Good point. It would be wise to get the battery tested before purchasing.

I have a stock 1996 12 valve cummins diesel. Just had it emissions tested and it measured a 1% opacity. My state allows 35% max opacity. This is a pre-emissions engine which means no EGR, no catalytic converter, no DPF.

Hi Sabine, you forgot to mention about the NOx emission reducing systems like DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) such as the synthetic urea formula AdBlue. Also is a diesel engine more efficient due to it needing less revolutions-per-minute to do a similar amount of work as a petrol engine, thus less RPM means less time burning fuel?

@radfahrer31

Жыл бұрын

Kind of - diesel is a heavier fuel than gasoline, so it takes a higher temperature to ignite it, so you can run the engine at higher pressure and higher temperatures. From there it comes down to thermodynamics - basic principle of thermodynamics is when converting heat energy to useful work, the bigger the temperature difference, the more efficient the conversion. Internal combustion engines are actually pretty bad at this, a lot of the energy is wasted as heat and it's due to the fact that the expansion is done in one shot in a primitive cylinder (in a modern natural gas fired electrical plant they do the expansion in turbines under controlled conditions and can extract quite a bit more energy from the same amount of fuel). But the general principle holds - higher temp - more efficiency. From a practical point of view, the higher temps and pressures mean more torque, so they can run the engine slower and get the same power out. Look up Carnot cycle if you want more info on the whole thermo side of it. There are theoretical maximums to amount of energy you can get from a given temperature difference, and in general burning things is a bad way to convert energy...if you look at an electric vehicle the conversion efficiency of electrical to mechanical energy is much higher it does not involve a heat engine. But in fairness there aren't very good ways of converting most fuels to mechanical or electrical energy directly at large scale without burning them (fuel cells are one way, biological muscles are another - but generally not large scale).

@a.j.spalding542

Жыл бұрын

Another factor to be considered with diesels is that at least in America, diesels are usually large vehicles, so efficiency is also impacted by the weight of the vehicle

About the NOx topic - the main reason for this is lean mixtures and hot combustion. The capability came with the direct injection technology. Combined with downsized supercharged engines, the NOx is increasing with this design. This is not just true for Diesels, but also for gas engines with direct injection, lean combustion and supercharged downsized engines. Mazda for example went also for lean combustion engines, however, they were able to do so maintaining a relative cold combustion. So the NOx emission in those Mazda engines is much less, compared to most German counterparts. On the 43. motor symposium in Vienna, earlier this year, there were shown new ways of combustion, also increasing the efficiency of the thermodynamic processes way above 40%. The innovations with IC engines are far from over, so the industry will stay technology neutral. However, depending on the regulations in Europe, the development for the rest of the world might move from European Union to China. So - buy a car that suits your needs and use cases, maybe something you have fun with. Moral / vitue signalling is the halo for the hypocrites.

@rogerphelps9939

Жыл бұрын

Low combustion temperature = poor fuel consumption.

@rightwingsafetysquad9872

Жыл бұрын

@@rogerphelps9939 But high temperature = a lot of NOx. The only real solution is to make your engines turn very slow so low temperatures can still burn all the fuel. But then your engine either has to be so large it won't fit in the car or you need something to fill in the performance gap, like an electric motor. Thankfully, Toyota invented the Prius 20 years ago.

Just found your channel, great video. I was in the process of selling my 2017 Euro6 diesel for an EV. After some careful research I found that driving 6,000 miles per annum (10kkm's) it would take between 7 &29 years just to offset the manufacture of just the battery pack depending where the battery pack was made (China 29 years). This calculation included including the extraction, refining and distribution to the diesel, along with an energy mix of an average of 280grams of CO2 in the UK where I live. I then investigated end of life battery disposal for an EV and it's clear there currently is not one. So in answer to your question go and by a Euro6 diesel, I suggest you do your own research but willing to share my research.

@jamesrussell6870

Жыл бұрын

Cary- Shhhhh... Lies don't thrive with Truth!!

@richardc7721

Жыл бұрын

A buddy of mine is an Auto industry engineer who consults for ALL auto manufacturers doing business in the US. He does planing and studies on manufacturing process in the automotive industry. He tells me that for the environmental impact of 1 small EV car, 5 Hummer H1s can be built . The diesel engine of today is actually a very clean burning engine and gets better mpg. Real world milage, compare same size vehicle, same size engine displacement moving identical loads and the diesel powered vehicle will get 2 to 3 times better milage. Burning less fuel also means less pollution per distance driven. Another consideration is how long a diesel engine last. On average a diesel engine will last 3 to 4 times Longer than gas/ petrol engines. Here in America our class 8 trucks, big rigs pulling 60,000 to over 100,000 pounds , engines last 700,000 to 1 million miles before needing to be rebuilt. Light Duty pick up trucks, class 2 - 3 towing up to 30,000+ pounds average 400,000 to 500,000 miles. Gasoline engines doing the same work last about 200,000 miles while burning 2 to 3 times as much fuel. Been a mechanic for 40 years Mostly for fleet operations including heavy equipment and truck. I have 2 service trucks, mobile repair, same size trucks, Class 6 1 truck is gas powered and gets 5 mph, the other one is diesel and gets 14 mpg. My personal vehicle is gas and gets half the milage of my wife's which is the same size vehicle but has a diesel engine.

@Deinorius

Жыл бұрын

@@richardc7721 5 Hummer? Compared how and in which location of production?

@richardc7721

Жыл бұрын

@@Deinorius in the US. That's where my buddy consults. He does travel to Europe to work with manufacturers doing business in the US as well. Batteries don't last 7 years, here in the desert maybe 5 years, maybe. Cold climate also kills batteries. And there is no real way of handling them once dead, currently most go to landfills.

@Duder0n

Жыл бұрын

Battery recycling is currently coming online and ramping significantly. See Redwood Materials. Battery packs will likely last 15-20 years at 6000 miles per year. There are many Tesla Model 3s with over 100k miles now and one with over 300k with the original battery. You can also change where your energy comes from with an EV (solar) which is impossible with an ICE.

I own a 2008 Toyota Land Cruiser diesel in Panama where there are frequent torrential rains. Water can cover the wheels but the car plows through deep water.

Being a 73 year old pensionist I've purchased what presumably will be my last car and I've chosen a diesel. I live in a rural agricultural area and most of my driving is and will probably be on country roads. Particles and NOx is, according to science, negligible there and my strongest argument is that diesel engines are much more efficient and releases a lot less CO2. I can also choose synthetic diesel made from waste from food industries and the likes and this way the net CO2 footprint will be very small. Some say even smaller than EV's taking into account the pollution related to production of the cars and the electricity. Thank you for a very informative video!

@MrLekatt

Жыл бұрын

@Larry Butler ..I should add that the car I now have takes around 0.5 liter per 10 km and I will probably drive about 10,000 km a year from now on. That equals approx 500 ltrs (415 kg) a year. A 737 will take about the same taxing and lining up for take off, once - roughly... maybe with a couple of meters on the runway.

I'm driving Citroen C3 with a BlueHDI diesel engine from 2019. Fantastic engine and most likely the cleanest diesel engine you can get your hands on right now. Teknologisk Institute in Denmark made a test over under real driving conditions showing that it(BlueHDI) was much cleaner than the petrol version in terms of particles. 30% less particles compared to the air in Aarhus and 47 times less than an equivalent petrol(PureTech) engine. PDF and Adblue really work wonders.

I work on commercial trucks in southern california, and the diesel aftertreatment systems on these vehicles are problematic to say the least. Getting the catalyst, the filter and the def injection working properly is not always reliable. Very complex sensors and computer programming has to work correct or the engine goes into "derate" where the truck can only be limped along on idle. You can imagine what it's like to have a loaded truck hundreds of miles from home and all it will do is idle. I would be very suspicious of buying a diesel car. Has anyone done the math on how much pollution building a new car creates, versus just buying a 15 year old car and driving it 100k miles?

@tiga2001

2 жыл бұрын

I don't remember where I read it. But I did read that new cars are surprisingly good at combating pollutants, even after factoring the manufacturing cost of creating the new car itself, to the point that if environmental reasons were taken into account, there's no reason to drive an old car.

@Keineahnung4015

2 жыл бұрын

@@tiga2001 of course that is what Manufacturers want you to believe ...

@tiga2001

2 жыл бұрын

@@Keineahnung4015 do your own research from independent sources.

@voidofspaceandtime4684

Жыл бұрын

@@tiga2001 You've already fooled yourself with "there's no reason to drive an old car" the fact it undermines the ecological argument in the first place by suggesting manufacturing an entire new vehicle can somehow be reasonably offset by lower emissions, newer cars have costlier components for the user in several areas. And it is harder and harder to actually come by new cars, well any cars, in our dying economy.

@tiga2001

Жыл бұрын

@@voidofspaceandtime4684 instead of relying on intuition (driving an old car is better for environment), we should be look at data (lifecycle analysis of a car over 10 years) to determine if either direction is better for the environment. From an economic perspective, if environmentally-friendly cars are too expensive, that's the government and the people who vote them into power's responsibility to make sure that they're affordable.

I am currently a small diesel. Much depends on the fuel consumption and how your drive. Not driving at maximum allowable speed can save a lot of money.

Hi Sabine, great work as ever. In answer to your question about what you (or anyone) should do about using a car on environmental grounds, I would suggest the following: Cars are intrinsically bad for the environment and air quality. Even electric cars will damage the environment where the raw materials are mined, the materials are refined and the factory where the car is assembled. When driven, the create fine air particles, even the electric cars make these from their brakes and tyres. Anyway I suggest using public transport, cycling or walking as the primary modes of transport. When these are not available or are not suitable, consider car sharing (car hire), sharing journeys with others and using your car in the most efficient way by planning your journeys to be as short and as effective as possible by selecting journey time, route, average speed, loading (weight). It is also essential to have your car properly maintained, not just to pass emissions tests etc but to keep tyre pressures correct, avoid carrying unnecessary weight and try to drive at steady speeds. avoiding acceleration and braking.

Sabine, I bought a lightly used 2014 VW Jetta Sportwagen about 3 years ago, after US courts approved a fix for the emissions system and allowed dealers to start selling used ones again. It has been an excellent car for me so far - great mileage and very smooth performance. I’m also impressed w/ the emissions system as well - there seems to be no discernible smoke, soot, odors, or etc. You can even run a finger in the tailpipe, and it comes out completely clean - !?! Almost hard to believe it’s actually diesel engine sometimes. So anyway that’s a model you might want to consider, if you’re still shopping for a new(er) car... :-)

@John-rw9bv

Жыл бұрын

VW never did anything that was actually bad, it was a framing issue. Sabine compares it to a tweak the dodgy mechanic did "just for the test" but in reality if VW hadn't complied with the conditions of the test they wouldn't have passed, not because their engine is any worse than any others, but because the parameters of the test were so specific. Specific RPM ramps had to be performed - electronically controlled - by the testing centre. It wasn't so much a "secret testing mode" as "the mandatory legally enforced testing mode". The entire thing was the realisation by German university students that passing the legally enforced test and driving on the road weren't the same thing (shocker) and because the American government can't be wrong it must be VW's fault! Many more American car manufacturers were doing this, many with far worse performance on the motorway. It was all driven by the media, not by real outrage at real/noticeable pollution increases. After all, all newer generations performed better than older models.

@joebloggs9941

Жыл бұрын

It's not the diesel engine that runs clean, the the myriad of filters AFTER the engine that clean up the particulates. Keep those clean and maintained andbthe car should run well

@John-rw9bv

Жыл бұрын

@@joebloggs9941 yes, kind of - but dont make the mistake many people are making, confusing compression ignition engine with diesel. Diesel engines (compression ignition engines) dont have to run on diesel. Diesel is just the only fuel you can buy at the pump. They also can run on vegetable and waste oil, where they burn much cleaner, and propane can be added through a seperate fueling system with diesel (or bio diesel) and the burning of the long chains with the short chain gases reduces pollution to zero. 99.9% of a pure diesel engine's pollution (not co2, cancer particles) is generated while the engine is warming up. So these dual-fuel engines mitigate basically all the problems.

If you can find one, I would recommend getting a hybrid. This would give you the fuel economy of a diesel without the worry about emissions. (Gas engine passive catalytic converters are a much more mature, simple, and reliable technology than the newer and more complicated diesel particulate removal filters and Diesel Exhaust Fluid required for diesel vehicles)

@AkamiChannel

2 жыл бұрын

It's typically more expensive, no?

@cncshrops

2 жыл бұрын

We have a 16yo Prius hybrid. Reliable, and comfortable and cheap. If we could afford an ev then I'd have one, but running an older car also reduces average embodied co2, so I'll stick with what we have.

@erikanybody4298

2 жыл бұрын

@@AkamiChannel hybrids are slightly more to not at all more expensive than ICE versions of the same thing. If you're already sinking $30k into a new car, spending another $2k for a hybrid is just smart. And the used prices are pretty much the same for hybrid vs non-hybrid

@AdityaMehendale

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah, about that. Take your typical hybrid - Hertz offers "Suzuki S-Ace" for example. Compare that to a smaller non-hybrid - say a Toyota Yaris or a Ford Fiesta Eco. For the average trip, the hybrid burns ~ 50% more than the small "eco" car. More severe if you make long trips on the autobahn. There is no simple answer, especially without knowing Sabine's driving habits and family requirements.

@jondonnelly4831

2 жыл бұрын

The added complexity makes them far more expensive to repair.

When my trusty new gasoline Volvo (not even 21 years old) goes to the AU, on the print-out there's always "Störfaktor 1". The Volvo before that had a defect cat, so we cleaned out the cat (there wasn't anything in anymore) and it still got a positive AU (that's the exhaust gas inspection).

Back when I worked on Mercedes Diesels (1960-1990 models), the fuel was of poor quality and would not keep the injectors clean - this resulted in larger sized droplets in the spray from the injector which burn from the surface of the droplet inward. Incomplete combustion shows up as soot on the rear bumper and/or soot in the tailpipe. From time to time, you see tan tailpipes in various shades, with occasional tailpipes showing uncoated surfaces, which shows pretty amazing ranges of soot! Electronic injection gives the ability to inject fuel at various points in the combustion cycle allowing adjustment for a wide range of conditions, efficiency, power, noise, and exhaust quality. Turbocharging can also affect exhaust parameters. The same effects of poor quality fuel appears to be true to some extent with gasoline powered cars as well. Try checking out tailpipe quality in parking lots yourself!