Classroom Aid - Two Oldest Black Holes
Here’s a Webb infrared image of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744. There are hundreds of galaxies in the cluster, along with a few foreground stars. It’d redshift is 0.308. Light from this cluster took 3.62 billion years to get here.
In this cluster, astronomers found a gravitationally lensed distant galaxy named UHZ1. To determine how far away this galaxy is, a technique called ‘dropout’ was used. Here’s how it works. Hydrogen surrounding galaxies absorbs light with a wavelength around 100 nanometers. That’s blue light. The source will be easily visible with filtered viewing wavelengths longer than blue, but "drop out" with blue light filters.
This is a standard photometric method for locating distant galaxies in deep field images. For UHZ1, Webb found the dropout with its F115W filter. The redshift needed to stretch blue light to this filter gives us the estimated distance. This galaxy’s redshift is 10.32 making its light travel distance 13.3 bly - just a bit further than CEERS 1019.
Here’s the Chandra X-ray Observatory’s overlay view of the area marked in purple. Using over two weeks of observations from Chandra, researchers were able to detect X-ray emission from the center of UHZ1. The X-rays come from a region that is much smaller than the galaxy. This is the signature of an accreting supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.
The X-ray signal is extremely faint, but Chandra was able to detect it because the Abell 2744 gravitational lensing enhanced the signal by a factor of four. Based on the brightness and energy of the X-rays, it’s estimated mass falls well above 10 million suns.
The extremely large masses of this SMBH and CEERS 1019, at such an early age of the Universe, has led to a conflict between the currently understood time it takes to form supermassive black holes, and the Lambda Cold Dark Matter Big Bang Cosmology time line. Astronomers call this ‘tension’ between the two theories, indicating that one or both will need to change. In our final segment of this video book on Black Holes, we’ll cover a proposed change to how black holes can form that would relieve this tension.
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This might sound a little weird but when I need to slow down and settle my thinking I often watch your content. I get a lot of Zen letting you walk me through the cosmos David. Thank you.
You are clearly one of the smartes men in the astronomy, physics and mathematical community David. Thank you for taking your time to read through all these exciting papers and making them ready and easy to understand for us 🙂
@brahim119
6 ай бұрын
*@Ninjahat.* We cannot thank mister Butler enough for the work he does for us.
@placer7412
6 ай бұрын
Chill on the dick riding
I just want to say that out of all the creators on this platform you're my favorite.
One of the most amazing channel! Thank you, David!
Mr. Butler your videos have always been educational and inspirational to this amateur astronomer. I'm slowly getting better at DSO astrophotography and your knowledge has aided me greatly over the years. Happy Thanksgiving and keep looking up! ( Yes I absolutely LOVED watching Jack Horkheimer on PBS when I was a kid 😄)
@mortalclown3812
6 ай бұрын
I've always blamed my pitiful math/science comprehension on the fact that I'm right-brained, but I've had a few aha! moments while watching Dr. Butler's amazing videos. When people love what they teach, it's definitely contagious. Happy sky trails 💫🌠✨️
humans are insanely talented. wow. think of the work required to establish any single point of understanding in this video. just amazing and awesome.
Happy Thanksgiving Mr. David
I watch all of your videos multiple times David.. thank you for all that you do!
The best universe vids ever made. 💪😎🐐
@billynomates920
5 ай бұрын
forgive my asking, but do you, perchance, know clarence the safety goat?
Thanks Dr B. Happy Thanksgiving!
David I was excited to find another one of your amazing presentations on this very interesting and very important subject matter. thank you, and keep up the amazing work, happy thanksgiving! I'm sure the main protagonist from Space Odyssey was named after you.
My favorite astronomer
Glad to see more videos, hope you do more long form content again!
Thank you as always for sharing your knowledge Sir!👍🔭😊
Happy Thanksgiving to you and your family
Wonder & awesomeness to be thankful for.
David Butler video's are going over my head like high altitude jets flying above. Though I can't make out the aircraft, it's contrails is enough to capture my attention.
Mr, David do you teach classes. I would love to be your assistance. You are the number 1 content creator on KZread to me.
the notion plasma got to cool off way out from CBR was a head turn. now, we have similar plasma situation irrelative to distance from CBR. how plasma stay hot to create a copy to these two. thank you on your work and team.
I love your videos man, please let us know more about the tension between these two theories. I find fascinating the lambda cold dark matter theory. how anybody came up with these ideas is beyond me
@howfarawayisit
6 ай бұрын
Check out the "How Old Is It" video book to see how we came to our current understanding.
Thanks for putting this out on Thanksgiving. Interesting video analyzing black holes. We humans get really good at analyzing the stuff don't we. Shared your videos with several guests today they love your music and I recommended subscribing to scientific America which I think is a good source for reading about all kinds of stuff. SA had an amazing article in a recent addition describing photonic booms and how they can be seen in the ice via blue light flashes. And sophisticated sensors they've got set up under the ice to directionally detect neutrinos from certain black holes. Photonic booms, my favorite new term of the year.
l am simply delighted by your splendid pronunciation and exemplary exposition as well. Anyway... super massive BH in an early universe, an intensive new stellar formation at present times (? as observed....) make me wonder that our Calculation of Time is a bit anthropocentric and possibly wrong. there is no absolute time, and light is not sensitive to Time. in fact, we write time, not Time. best
David Butler -- Senior Master of the Cosmos. Though there are so many astronomers in KZread, the oldest ginger is the best.
this is awesome. thank you.
I can't believe Chandra is still actually taking data. I remember when it was just launched on the Shuttle and they forgot to take into consideration the fact that the Wolter grazing incidence mirrors would not only reflect x-rays, but also the high energy protons in the Van Allen belts, because they had the same de Broglie wavelength, every time it went though the belts in its orbit. It significantly damaged the imager before they figured out what was going on and shut the sunshade door during those parts of the orbital period.
@mortalclown3812
6 ай бұрын
Almost 9K days and nights of getting images. Hard to believe it's been there for that long... and that built-in obsolescence still occurs in so many items given the longevity of NASA products.
thanks for CC
David, im a long time fan of your videos, how are you, hows your health? I remember the first video i saw of you 8 years ago talking about the higgs stuff :)
@howfarawayisit
5 ай бұрын
Thanks for your note. Health is an issue, but I expect to be back soon.
@robertfreeman2792
5 ай бұрын
@@howfarawayisit Hope you feel better soon. I've gained such a great understanding from your videos. I can't stop reciting what I've learned under a starry sky with friends. After taking multivariable calculus your math is very easy to follow as well.
I wonder if dark matter can contribute to black holes and if so, does it conform to the growth limit?
What if we’re wrong about red shift, blue shift? It would change everything.
👍
Hi Mr David, I've 2 questions about quantum physics.Every decisions of my life are dependent on those 2 questions and my current understanding as answers. I'm not able to ask those 2 questions openly here in youtube comment section.I will really appreciate if you please provide me an way to connect with you and discuss via a voice call. I really need a teacher to validate my understanding. Thank you so much in advance. All the best.
@howfarawayisit
5 ай бұрын
Raishul, I don't do phone conversations. But you can email me at howfarawayisit@gmail.com with your questions. David
I hereby claim dibs on all the hamburger stands that will open, in the future, in all these galaxies to the tune of 1% of the gross sales. Yes YOU can invest in this venture by sending me just enough money to purchase high end stereo equipment to listen to Mahler by. (Offer expires when I croak ((am currently 67)) and no guarantee implied and whatever else I need to get out of any obligation - except I WILL purchase high end stereo equipment... as I am not completely without scruples to my word.)
@barney6888
6 ай бұрын
YES after switching to cd I don't want to go back to LPs, I prefer the clarity to all the rumble, skips and fireside effects. Hence I beg the rich for donations. It's the best way to cope with the fact that audio is a rip off and moreover, the rich have 0 understanding of Mahler. I base that strictly on bias and prejudice. Is that nice???
@mortalclown3812
6 ай бұрын
@@barney6888 Lots of wealthy Nazis adored Mahler, but you're probably right re: taste in the contemporary industrialist billionaire set. Yet one trait is unchanging: they're extremely selfish with rare exceptions. What an odd place to set up your ersatz GoFundMe.
@clorent
6 ай бұрын
Onya barney 👍
While traveling at light speed, you could use gravitational lensing as an accelerant. Turbo boost....
@mortalclown3812
6 ай бұрын
I'm rather dense re: astrophysics: is what you're suggesting truly possible? Because wow.
First
E=mc^2. Mass converts to energy with acceleration. You will only find supermassive Black holes in the early universe because there was less acceleration at the time. Less acceleration = more mass. The expansion of the universe is accelerating causing the objects within it to accelerate and lose mass. Since energy can be neither created or destroyed. It gets dispersed in an increasing volume of space. The universe isn't defined by gravity. The hammer and feather drop tests showed that gravity is a reaction not an action. The resistance of atoms to being accelerated. E=mc^2 shows that there will be more mass with less acceleration. Forget Einstein’s relativity, motion causes space to curve. Forger Newton's Laws of gravitational attraction. They were disproven with the hammer and feather drop tests. That only leaves Newton's Laws of Motion, F=ma, and as shown, mass equals energy/force so, Force = Acceleration. The proper frame of reference is Acceleration, not mass.
@howfarawayisit
6 ай бұрын
c is velocity, not acceleration.
@stewiesaidthat
6 ай бұрын
@@howfarawayisit F=ma, E=mc. Same exact thing. C is just maximum acceleration. C = Radiant energy. Less than c = atomic energy. You are probably confused about what c is. It's radiant energy. Not speed.