An astrophysicist explains JWST's Cartwheel Galaxy image
Ғылым және технология
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The new James Webb Space Telescope images of the Cartwheel Galaxy are STUNNING. But is that the colour we'd really see? What science can we learn from these images? And what are those objects that have moved since the Hubble Space Telescope took a look in 1995?
All raw JWST data that has been made public is accessed via MAST: www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-ex...
For PNGs and/or TIFFs of these images head to: webbtelescope.org/resource-ga...
Keep up-to-date with all things JWST on the NASA blog: blogs.nasa.gov/webb/
Is the colour in space images "real"? video - • Is the colour in space...
My previous video on the Cartwheel Galaxy - • The Cartwheel Galaxy |...
00:00 - Introduction
00:41 - Raw images vs coloured images
03:33 - What can we learn from this image?
07:08 - What are the objects that move from HST to JWST images?
09:15 - What's in the background?
11:06 - Brilliant
12:30 - Bloopers
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
Пікірлер: 956
Becky has become my go-to source for all things JWST. There’s a lot of coverage out there, but often from non-experts. It just doesn’t pack the same punch.
@tengun
Жыл бұрын
Yeah and there's a lot of misinformation as well.
@DrBecky
Жыл бұрын
Thanks 🥰
@RH-ut7qv
Жыл бұрын
Dr Becky for astrophysics, Scott Manley for rockets, PBS Spacetime for physics.
@flatearthjackal9201
Жыл бұрын
Space is fake af bro Research flat earth 😊 🌎 =💩
@jedaaa
Жыл бұрын
@@tengun it's not hard to differentiate who's talking crap and who the experts are, the main problem is all the channels that use all the fancy graphics but have horribly researched scripts that are full of easily avoidable mistakes that for those who don't know better seem like legit science channels but all they exist for is AD revenue
"Galaxy collisions stir shit up." Dr Becky, 2022. This needs to be on a t-shirt.
@almostfm
Жыл бұрын
I'll second this idea.
@aowen2471
Жыл бұрын
That made me laugh out loud when Dr Becky said it
@DPfen
Жыл бұрын
Yup, had to pause and go back because I was immediately, "Did she just say, 'stir sh*t up?'" lol
@amberwalsh5767
Жыл бұрын
Lol that made me chuckle as well
@50PercentBS
Жыл бұрын
@@DPfen same! 🤣🤣
I love how blase we've all gotten about the fact that HOLY SH*T THERE ARE ENTIRE GALAXIES IN THE BACKGROUND OF THESE PICTURES. When I was in college, that alone would have blown entire minds out. Now, we just expect the dots in the background to be little oval-shaped smudges we've never seen before, and that's not even the coolest part of the picture. This is so cool.
@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721
Жыл бұрын
One century ago, no one was even sure whether galaxies exist. Now there are billions.
@MaryAnnNytowl
Жыл бұрын
Well, speak for yourself, J. I am still awed by every image, because I'm from a time when even Hubble was a dream in the eyes of any scientist studying space. The things that not just Hubble, but Atacama, Palomar, Keck, the Very Large Array, and Chandra/Spitzer all have shown us _still_ fill my soul with pride in humanity and hope for the future! 🌌 💙🌠🛰❤️❤️
@LemonLadyRecords
Жыл бұрын
When words lose their meaning, it's called 'existential nausea'. You can do it quickly by repeating a word enough times and it will lose all meaning. It's really weird. It's not permanent!
@erikeriknorman
Жыл бұрын
And how stunningly gorgeous they are in describing wildly amazing new horizons of maths and physics!
@sharonmurdock9786
Жыл бұрын
Cool I learned something new today!
Dr. Becky is now my family's goto sources for Astrophysics and all things JWST. Wish I'd had teachers with her passion when I was in school.
@richardkammerer2814
Жыл бұрын
It’s difficult to believe that 54 years ago I was observing the most wondrous of images on our university’s 8” telescope and being so energized my freshman year. And now this. So pleased to see this spectacular advancement. It’s a funny feeling to say this is just the beginning. Cheers!
@erikeriknorman
Жыл бұрын
Same!
@paulneeds
Жыл бұрын
They probably had the enthusiasm at one time, but it was pounded out of them by years of teaching uninterested kids. Most still have a favourite ’pet’ area on which they light up though - if you can find it.
Anytime there's new JWST data release I get restless waiting for Becky's videos.
@DrBecky
Жыл бұрын
Sorry I made you wait so long 😅 last week was manic
Becky I’m literally doing physics at uni cause I want to be an astrophysicist like you. Thanks for inspiring me :)
@Mikhail-Tkachenko
Жыл бұрын
Are you going to be a teacher or KZreadr? Both perhaps?
@pativi6643
Жыл бұрын
@@Mikhail-Tkachenko So you can only be a teacher or a youtuber after studing astrophysics? ;)
@Mikhail-Tkachenko
Жыл бұрын
@@pativi6643 That's pretty much it ;)
@tangerines5822
Жыл бұрын
@@pativi6643 Not true, there are tons of jobs and opportunities out there for astrophysics. Why do you think it’s such a competitive field?
@rayinchrist1
Жыл бұрын
@@Mikhail-Tkachenko rawr rawr cutie rawr I’m coming for you meow rawr 🦁
Just to say, you have a way about re-energising my interest in astrophysics that is quite astonishing. Your enthusiasm is infectious. 10/10.
Dr Beck really helps in explaining all this in simple terms. Wish the internet and research papers were as clear as her😭
I just love your commentaries on these great galactic images. Please keep adding to them, and explaining them so well.
I was surprised that the star shift happened within just a couple of decades. An unbelievably HUGE cosmic scale phenomenon happening in...so much way less than a blink of an eye!?! Then I realised that the JWST magnifies an unprecedented amount (and the star shift is also just as highly magnified). In case others are wondering the same thing.
The last zoom up of the galaxies in the background was a brilliant take !
Your channel has seriously blown up lately! So proud!
I went for "monochrome" as an image with only one (mono) colour. This normally encompasses all the visible light at varying amounts in a normal photograph, however the artificial colour image constructed from the multiple spectra JSWT has imaged, gives an amazing perspective of the history of this (and we hope many) galaxies, stars, planets and "other" phenomena in our universe.
Thanks again Dr. Becky. I enjoy how you explain everything.
Your straightforward explanations and visuals are just the best, and super chill. I learn so much more from your videos than the other space news creators I watch
I've only found your channel recently but always watch every new video and learn something new. Thanks for all the effort you put in!
"Well, mergers, they just stir shit up in the process." It's awesome when highly educated people can discuss and describe their subject matter in down-to-earth, non-academic terms. Between the ease of understanding and Dr. Becky's enthusiasm, these videos are awesome.
@txmike1945
Жыл бұрын
Dr B has a rare ability to understand the highly technical aspects of astrophysics and also be able to explain it in a way that most can understand.
@robster3323
Жыл бұрын
Literally sat here for 30 seconds: DR BECKY SWORE! She said SHIT! DR BECKY SWORE! Ma!!!!
@KrisS602
Жыл бұрын
@@robster3323 I did the same lol came to the comments after a couple replays to confirm what I heard xD
@zapp442
Жыл бұрын
@@robster3323 Same here. 🙀
@cerisambrook2579
Жыл бұрын
One of many reasons that I just love this woman. Platonically and respectfully of course.
Thank you so much for your videos Dr. Becky, I actively look forward to each of your videos each week haha. Any word on when the Trappist 1 system will be observed to study the atmospheres of the planets in that system?
@benn8962
Жыл бұрын
👍 I heard it was scheduled last week to observe it. That is literally the only topic I am constantly checking my phone for nowadays...lol I can't wait to catch a data explained video.
@amirpatel1934
Жыл бұрын
@@benn8962 ahaha can't blame ya for checking your phone. Are you using the site the she mentioned in the video? I hope it was so we could get results sooner than later hahaha. I'm eagerly waiting here.
Thank you for taking time to explain all of this! I am fascinated by everything, the stars and galaxies and the incredible pictures that JWST has given us! You make it so easy for me to understand what we are looking at. Keep up the great work and I look forward to your next video!
I so love your videos, Becky! It's the combination of knowledge, infectious enthusiasm and the clarity of exposition that raises them above the (many) others available. Please keep going.
'Love your channel, Dr. Becky. -- One thing though: the "Pillars of Creation" image you used as an example of a true color image is not a true color image. It is false color. The Blue channel was primarily from oxygen (Oiii) data which in reality lies in the green part of the spectrum. Green channel was primarily from hydrogen (Hα) data which is in the red part of the spectrum. The Red channel primarily comes from sulfur (SII) data, which is in an even a deeper red part of the spectrum. That said, yes, all colors are in the visible part. It's just that the mapping is more complicated than a simple Blue --> Blue, Green -> Green, etc. mapping.
Becky I just have to say two things: You have one of the most amazing channels in astrophysics and you have the most beautiful eyes. There, I've said it...
Thank you for the regular high-quality content! One of the best popular science channels on KZread, and there’s some serious competition :-)
So nice to see someone explaining science so explicitly. Lots of praises from Kashmir India
Wish Dr Becky could have been my science teacher back in my school days (years & years ago), but I'm happy to have found her channel bc she's the best science teacher I've never had! 💜 Thanks Dr Becky 😊
Did Dr Becky just cuss? 5:56 Ha ha! Great video, keep it up.
I love that you can share your bloopers and laugh at yourself. Your fascinating videos are made more real with your personal touches, like the bloopers. Yes, space is hard, words are harder. You are the best Astrophysist ever!
I'm so excited to hear all that JWST has found and love your explanations of what we see in its images. I appreciate all your excitement because it makes my excitement seem more valid
“Stir S*it up” - if scientific papers were written like this, science would be much more popular!
I love how these images spark our intellectual curiosity as well as our sense of absolute awe.
@finkergamer8557
Жыл бұрын
Those are true memes - even one photo got us serious kick in knowledge and passion
I really enjoy listening to you as you break down the images and teach us so much! Thank you!
Wow just amazing images and a very good explanation from our favorite Astrophysicist. Love the bloopers section :)
Dr. Becky, are there any proposals for JWST that might give us a fresh photo of Hoag's object?
@DrBecky
Жыл бұрын
Oo I hadn’t thought to check. I’ll have a look tomorrow
@alextilton2677
Жыл бұрын
@@DrBecky anything?
I have a question. Considering lensing makes light require a longer path to travel, could it be possible to have one object like the JWST look at a specific spot and a secondary telescope like Hubble look at the same spot only with enough lensing events that it captures the same object at two different times? Or would that require some significant real-estate to make happen because of limited angles available when we get to such cosmic proportions?
@richardseymour7162
Жыл бұрын
There are some gravitational lensing images that show multiple "copies" of the distant object. Due to the different paths the light for those copies took, we ARE seeing them at different times! This has been demonstrated by seeing events such as supernovas appearing in the different copies separated by a few years due to the path lengths. Thus in one photo we're seeing two or three different times at once.
@richardseymour7162
Жыл бұрын
An example of such a time-delayed object is PKS 1830-211 ... it's a quasar, and measuring the delay between images A and B "could help constrain the Hubble constant", per S.Muller at al, 2020.
@Dragrath1
Жыл бұрын
@@richardseymour7162 That assumes that the "Hubble constant" is actually constant since there is pretty strong evidence that it can't be constant since that depends on the assumption of large scale isotropy and homogeneity and based on the work of Nathan Secrest et al 2021 APJL 908 L51 we can largely rule the existence of such a frame of reference within the observable universe out to 4.9 sigma statistical significance through showing that the CMB dipole most contain a significant cosmological dipole which can't be removed by a frame of reference transformation. The implication of this is that the rate of expansion will always be directionally dependent as the universe can't be perfectly symmetric at any scale. (More specifically this comes down to the conservation of information meaning that any deviations from isotropy or homogeneity can't go away because they contain information.)
@peterwilson8039
Жыл бұрын
@@Dragrath1 I'm a bit of an amateur astrophysicist but it seems obvious to me that the Hubble constant can't be constant over billions of years because we would expect the expansion of the universe to slow over time. So that, for example, taking the inverse of the Hubble constant as the age of the Universe could only be an order of magnitude estimate at best. But my education in cosmology, which consisted of one introductory course in astrophysics, plus a third year course in nucleosynthesis, was full of approximations and generalizations, and vague hand waving, and so I was never sure how much of it I was supposed to take seriously, or how much of was intended to be illustrative as opposed to being rigorous. I've never been inclined to take it too seriously since then, although I'm quick to acknowledge the limitations of my own knowledge.
@autostaretx
Жыл бұрын
@@Dragrath1 The Hubble "constantness" doesn't really affect my answer. Pascal's question asked if we could see "two times" due to gravitational lensing. We do, in that watching gravitationally-lensed multiple images over time sees events appearing (to us) at different elapsed times (for us) in the different images. Whether or not the time lags are caused by different path lengths OR different Hubble "constants" (or both) doesn't affect the lags' existence (for us). Since the universe's expansion appears to have changed from "constant" to "accelerating", we already must assume that Hubble's constant isn't constant.
Thanks for all of this Becky! Love the channel and been subbed for over 2 years now. Your enthusiasm for what you do and passing it on really shows through. My goto physics people are a short list, Yourself, Brian Cox, Jim Al-Kalilli, Neil deGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku. You've all have opened my eyes to the wonders whilst avoiding melting my brain. ALL of you have the same passion and we can HEAR you all grinning as you all make the INCREDIBLY complex understandable to those of us hampered with just half a brain :)
Very Nice and Interesting INFO you gave us. Please continue your BLOOPERS section. Fun to see that we all struggle with words.
I feel like I get "the scoop" when I watch your videos Dr Becky, love it.. thank you!
Loving these JWST videos. Keep up the great work Becky
Becky's latest video is always my first pick. Can't wait until the next one!
What a big bunch of very well presented new information again!! Thank you so much! So bad I didn‘t see you in 2014 when I was visiting Warwick :-(
So funmy, I actually rewatched that video of yours on cartwheel galaxies just to understand the most gorgeous thing I've ever seen. Thanks for the in depth follow up video😘 The galaxies around it are just as interesting to me
Brilliant! I particularly enjoyed 'remnants' and the fact that you are a Duran Duran fan. Keep up the fantastic work as my A level students learn a lot.
I love the way you relate this information to us! It is easy to absorb and simple to understand. You have a unique gift for science communication! Keep it up! I love your work! :D
You always manage to exude such grace through knowledge in the most intoxicating of ways. I’ve always wanted to say that to you, and now I have. So there. And thank you. 😊
Wonderful explanations for us non-astrophysicists. Very much enjoying your coverage of all things JWST (and black holes)
To my delight during Lockdowns I discovered Dr Becky's videos, I walk away far more informed, enlightened. lately I have also started at the start of Dr Becky's video journey. easy to follow. Saves having to wait for Sky at Night :)
I'm about 2 years older than Dr. Becky and I can still remember being in middle school, listening to the science teacher talk about the Hubble Space Telescope. It's just so cool to think how when we were kids, the adults would teach us these things. Now that we're adults, Dr Becky was once that kid and now she's teaching and referencing her own research about these topics. To hear her talk about Hubble and now JWST, it really helps put into perspective how time advances technology and our mind. How that one kid who took interest in Hubble and space, is now old enough to gather what she's learned and create these awesome videos. To talk about JWST now, is like hearing the science teachers talk about Hubble then. TLDR: Dr. Becky is awesome and her enthusiasm and knowledgeable videos inspires us and the future generations.
This is amazing, thanks for answering so many questions everyone had!
One of the best in this field that I've heard/seen. Thanks Dr B!
Thanks Becky! You do brilliantly at navigating the line for us between the science and the accessibility of the content to us interested laypeople. p.s. if there’s a “bloopers track” for the audiobook recording session, you know what you have to do 🙃
It's so cool that an astrologer knows about the mathematics of computer science and image processing! I'd love to see your approach to coding, do you create your own modules? What are your mapping thresholds? Are you resolving curves with Riemann stacks or curve angles?
@txmike1945
Жыл бұрын
Wrong u-tube site, no astrologers here!
@erikeriknorman
Жыл бұрын
@@txmike1945 Oh, ok!
I love your outtakes at the end of your videos, you crack me up!🥰
Absolutely fantastic and so interesting, Dr.becky.I now have a far better understanding of astrophysics thanks to you
Thanks Dr. Becky. Your vids brighten my existence.
Excellent content. As an amateur astronomer, I do public outreach and your videos are a valuable source of information. Thank you!
Thank you, Becky, for your great content. There is so much to learn from you. I have two questions: 1. Do you combine HST and JWST Images during your studies? 2. Do you primarily use the raw images from a telescope for your work or the composite images? I'm looking forward to your next video.
Just love your Webb coverage keep up the great videos
Some people who don't know much about photography might not know that it's actually really common for certain types of photography to layer multiple photos of different specs of the exact same image and perspective. That's how Nature photographers can get a waterfall image in perfect detail, the pebbles in the foreground in perfect focus and lighting, and the background is in full crisp detail and focus. That's from layering of multiple photos.
@txmike1945
Жыл бұрын
And nobody is calling those "fake images." You could also do that with the old view cameras, tilt the lens mount and tilt the back plate holding the negative, as a way to get foreground in focus towards the bottom of the frame and background in focus towards the middle and top of the frame. And the old masters of B&W landscape photography would change the densities and contrast during printing to get exactly what they wanted. No one called those fake images.
Dr Becky, thanks for your posts on JWST images. Please give an idea of distance to those galaxies also and if possible what is planned for the future by JWST.
Love your way to explain and make analysis of the JWST pics. Best regards from Sweden.
You are great, thanks to Marcus suggesting we find you, though he claims a link was put in I never found it. But I have found you and it is a real please watching your weekly update. Thank you, keep up the great work.
Dr. becky, i really like your content and now with the JWST, it will get even better.. so much enthusiasm you have for this.. thanks for the entertaining learning sessions.. and you still said “remanents” in the video.. hilarious stuff.. thabks again..
I was reading a document earlier this week which had the word "remnants" in it and I heard Dr Becky saying "reminants" as I read it. So I smiled at that. Keep up the good work good doctor, letting us know whats going on up there.
@peterwilson8039
Жыл бұрын
Now that you mention it, it's not that uncommon for people to say reminants. I had to check to make sure that it actually isn't a word.
the truly amazing thing is that we can make optics and sensors, plus the software that enables us to compile data from instruments on vehicles launched off-planet so they get to see without the atmosphere impeding. then we get people like this who explain it all in understandable terms. thank you!
Short but very packed video. Thanks for the breackdown !
Good job Dr. Becky! Love your show!
BEAUTIFUL PHOTOS 🤠 AND YET MORE TO COME..... THANKS DR. BECKY
Dr. Becky, I think a video (or at LEAST a 'short') on 2020CD3 is needed ASAP!
You are fascinating. I love this channel ❤️
Another awesome video, thanks DrB. Can you do one on the size of galaxies in JWST images? I can’t get my head around how distance vs the expansion of the universe affects the observations.
Totally awesome description and presentation. I think i just actually learned something.
Dr Becky thanks for sharing your knowledge x
you are doing a wonderful job in education of many Astro enthusiasts! Thanks
You're one of the best science communicators out there.
I will never doubt your commitment to Sparkle Motion again!
Just love the way your explanation matches my brain as a perfect match puzzle piece. THANK YOU
Just thank you. Your merch is the best and worn with much pride. Stay strong and safe.
Tnx dr. Becky. Your video is great 🙆♂️👌
Pretty interesting indeed! Thanks, dr. Becky! 😃 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Dr. Becky, the best source for JWST information, as she brings us all things Webb, explaining clearly and with amazing enthusiasm! Not that there's not a ton of great science content creators on KZread! There's PBS Spacetime for physics, Scott Manley for rocket science and space exploration, and Kyle Hill for science history (especially nuclear science history), plus just fun stuff, too. It doesn't end there! There's PBS Eons for really deep time history, for sure, and Into the Microcosmos with Hank Green for really cool microscope work! There's Gutsick Gibbon and North02 (and many others) for anthropology, and Stephan Milo (and many others) for less deep-time history, too. Oh, and Anton Petrov (of _What Da Math_ fame) for new science papers in lots of diverse fields, from astronomy (his first love) to Earth Sciences, Biology, Archeology, Paleontology, and more, explained clearly and with as many helpful links as Dr. Becky gives us in her own description. Anton's the one Dr. Becky talked about on his coverage of SMBH studies she liked! But hands-down, the _best source_ for Webb telescope news, and for the most in-depth SMBH news, this is the scientist you want, right here. Dr. Becky ROCKS! ❤️ ❤️ 🎯 💞 🤘🏼 🛰 🌠 🌌 ❤️ ❤️ (Edited my clumsy typos, and because I forgot someone to suggest to everyone!)
@minu_npc
Жыл бұрын
thanks
"Space is hard, words are harder" - Dr Becky 2022... love it.
@DrBecky
Жыл бұрын
I have it on a merch shirt if you want it 👍
Dr Becky, I would LOVE to see you do a video of your knowledge on the universe vs. the theories and knowledge used in the show The Big Bang Theory. I am obsessed with your videos, books, AND I am obsessed with that show! A video like that would just be incredible.
Fascinating 👍. Crazy that we can see this deeply into the Universe with each new generation of telescope. Exciting times.
Very informative. Thank You!
I'm absolutely loving your channel- thank you so much for all of your informative videos!! You mentioned that it is thought that another galaxy went straight through the Cartwheel Galaxy- is there any remnants of this 'intruder' that we can see or is there a galaxy that has been identified as possibly being the one that traveled through the Cartwheel? Thank you!
@Reyajh
Жыл бұрын
Probably they don't see one but, that's the big question that I'd love to see someone at least touch on...
Thanks for the wonderful information through your methodical analysis. I would greatly appreciate it if you can provide a link to get access to the most updated research papers that get published on the current development trends in Astrophysics. It would be of great help, Thank you for sharing the knowledge.
I saw you as one of the experts on PBS! Very cool!
I was thinking a bit listening to Dr. Becky about the arms reforming so quickly; if the colliding galaxy had tremendous angular momentum while piercing the target galaxy it should impart some of that momentum to it perhaps it had substantially more than the models predict. But just spitballin here !! Another tremendous image !! What a great time to be alive !!
One could really make a channel just based on JWST findings. It's just insane too look about every pic and see so many galaxies we have never seen before just out there in the background.
It's like a thermal camera, ie, you can't see temps, so they assign a different colour for different temps.
Indeed, that pic is fantastic! Can’t wait to hear what discoveries lay ahead… 👏🏻 Also, space is hard but words are definitely harder. 😉😎
ALWYS love your vids. I learn so much thanks
hi, Dr B! great explanation from a great channel. wish i'd found you sooner. however, this way i have almost unlimited videos to watch in between new ones. and watch i will! til next we meet, dear Doctor!
Galaxies going around banging into each other, that just shabby workmanship 😂
1:16 The Hubble palette as shown in the Pillars image here is not really colors we'd see, either. Those are colors designed to help contrast of different wavelengths, many of which we don't see at all or as well. Things which may show up primarily as shades of red and pink end up blue and green in the Hubble palette. In RGB, the Pillars of Creation are almost entirely red and pink due to Hydrogen, and so it's harder to make out the detail.
5:57 yes! I have been waiting for you to use that word. 😄
Everyday is a School day, especially on this channel 🤣. Great content once again 👏🙏
i was waiting for 15 years to see this images. Since i heard it was gonna be built and what kind of wavelenght it will collect i have been so hyped but then the delays. First 1 year then 3 years then 3 more years, ( Iknow they have to test it). If you bielive me, this telescope saved my life. Long story short ...i was depressed and wanted to end my life. A coupple of things made me wait and not do it. One was my parents (didnt want to make them sad) and the other was to see the images from JWST. Now i am better and the timing for images couldnt be more perfect. Keep them comming couse they blow my mind. For last decade i began to love astronomy and all the phisics in general. From quantum theory to string theory etc...Basicaly whatever i see on PBS space time. Love that show. Yours too dr.Becky. Anyway im rambeling. Just wanted to say ...I AM HAPPY. Bye everybody. Love from Slovenia. Tomas
great video and nice vibes! :D
the univers is great and thx for u re time it's so clear when we listen to u