"Have you ever wondered if the constants of physics are actually constant?" Yes constantly.

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721

2 жыл бұрын

I wonder about that at a possibly varying rate.

@Nukepositive

2 жыл бұрын

I'd love to see a video on the same idea of the speed of light being constant or variable. How do we know light doesn't "speed up" once it leaves the influence of a star system, or galaxy, only to slow down on reaching real and/or dark matter again?

@roichir7699

2 жыл бұрын

@@Nukepositive Very simple. Space police has speed traps and there are some very hefty fines on exceeding the speed limit.

@AmbivalentInfluence

2 жыл бұрын

It does vary, under the influence of gravity. Because time changes too, it appears to be constant.

@AmbivalentInfluence

2 жыл бұрын

@@Nukepositive I would argue that this is precisely what does happen. Therefore, all of the constants are actually ratios.

Back in the early '80s, when I was a snot-nosed undergrad, I got to spend a couple of hours discussing gravity with a professor (RIP) still a couple of decades away from his becoming "known". I was more on the gravity-isn't-immutable side of the discussion, and he was more on the gravity-is-a-constant side (though we flipped a couple of time if only for devil's advocacy). It was a fascinating discussion in which he of course prevailed if not only by sheer big-brain-ness but also by much better math. Still, his spending that amount of time with an undergrad just tossing mad ideas about is something I still think of fondly.

@markfergerson2145

2 жыл бұрын

I wasn't even an undergrad, just a random person who wrote Robert. L. Forward a letter about variable G years and years ago. He responded with prints of a few of his papers, some suggested reading, encouragement to keep asking big questions and his own speculation on the topic (he thought it barely possible but unlikely). My sole claim to a brush with greatness.

@ehsnils

2 жыл бұрын

Every time you get a question from someone not deeply immersed you get a new perspective and that would make you think about how to explain what's working/not working with that perspective. In rare cases this could lead to new discoveries.

@jrkorman

2 жыл бұрын

Wonderful - exactly what a scholar should be doing.

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721

2 жыл бұрын

That's what learning is all about.

@mastershooter64

2 жыл бұрын

lol why even take sides? it's science!

That magnet demonstration was incredibly impactful for showing the difference in magnitude between gravity and electromagnetism.

I always love it when science looks at every single assumption of the reigning theory and just asks "what if that wasn't true, would things make more sense?" Usually the answer is 'no', but sometimes...

@JJ-rl5ef

2 жыл бұрын

I agree. My background is Physical Therapy, but I have been following astronomy the past few years, as a hobby. It's good to know the mainstream ideas, but advancements can come from the questions.

@leapdrive

2 жыл бұрын

The hard part is when these scientist spend billions of dollars of our taxes to find answers, they find more questions instead. I think we can slow down a bit in research to give us tax rebates instead? Besides, haft of those expenditures are questionable expenses anyway.

@g33xzi11a

Жыл бұрын

@@leapdrive Nope that's the great part. We live in an age of such plenty that we can luxuriate in new discovery without worrying if we're going to all die of famine because these people aren't toiling in the grain fields instead of advancing knowledge in centers of learning. Take joy in the time and place of your existence instead of being a small-minded person who falls for anti-intellectualist ploys based on nonsense deficit hawking. What a miserable world it would be if all the answers were already known or we gave into mental laziness of not looking at all or substituting reality for bronze age propaganda.

@KaiHenningsen

Жыл бұрын

@@leapdrive If you want the government to spend less money, take a hard look at military spending. It's one of the most wasteful areas of spending. Also, make sure your taxes are progressive (that is, the rate goes up when the income goes up).

@leapdrive

Жыл бұрын

@@KaiHenningsen , we have to start somewhere.

Back in the 90's, a friend and I observed that on certain days, we were more prone to drop things than normal. Rather than admit to our own clumsiness, we proposed a theory that Gravity was not constant, but a variable. "I'm having a High Gravity day!" we would often say to each other. We also thought it would be helpful if weather forecasts included the day's gravity index based on something I called The "Newton-Stein" scale, with advisories to not climb ladders or go skydiving on days with a High-G forecast. :D

@AaronWhiffin

2 жыл бұрын

Fridays and Saturdays when you were in the pub by any chance?

@tomimantyla8236

2 жыл бұрын

Sometimes it is hard to get up from bed or sofa. I blame increased gravity too. Or maybe gravity is simply stronger near sofas and beds?

@steveegbert7429

2 жыл бұрын

A few high gravity beers have a tendency to make you drop things as well.

@billoddy5637

2 жыл бұрын

Consumption of alcohol considerably increases the gravity index for the day, I’ve found.

@erinhaury5773

2 жыл бұрын

In my family, we always called it a 'gravity storm'. 😂

30 seconds in, you show "i.e. 0.000,000,000,066,743 x 10 ^ -11". I'm pretty sure you didn't mean that last "^ -11" in there. Love your content!

@DrBecky

2 жыл бұрын

Whoops!

@renx81

2 жыл бұрын

Was just about to comment on this, but I knew someone must have beat me to it. Well done sir!

@ollysworkshop

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrBecky maybe Becky's on to something and she's not released the paper yet......?

@billbolton

2 жыл бұрын

@@renx81 and I missed it completely.

@Mark-wx8ne

2 жыл бұрын

@@ollysworkshop I was thinking the exact same thing

Great video, Dr. B, like all of them. Your self-deprecating humor (particularly the out take bloopers) combined with your obvious love for astrophysics and all things sky make every episode a complete blast to watch. It's quite difficult to find education and entertainment in the same KZread channel these days, but yours is a heavyweight contender. All the best and - stay curious!

@ESF19791111

2 жыл бұрын

MY THOUGHTS IN THOSE WORDS :) THANK YOU FROM ISRAEL :)

@georgesheffield1580

10 ай бұрын

Proper British humor

Having become aware of this crisis in cosmology and though self educated and not an academic the first thing my mind went to was the force of gravity not being constant. Its a relief to know that experts in the field have also considered this idea.

You know like I'm just very happy that real people like you give your best and do your work right from the heart and all your want is just to spread knowledge of science to the general audience and this makes me really happy..... Many people spread many misinformation and use science as tool for it which makes me very sad to see those things..... As a science person I really appreciate your work and what you do for a living ❤

@DrBecky

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks Anush 🤗

@waynedarronwalls6468

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrBecky hi Dr Becky, think someone has spoofed your KZread channel, as I have a message re WhatsApp from someone purporting to be you, however they have no tick against their name...just thought you should know, as the reply is not showing as being from you...

@karlakirkpatrick2214

2 жыл бұрын

I happen to agree with that.

@klaxoncow

2 жыл бұрын

I would hope that Dr.Becky is using her brain to do her work, rather than initiating it from her blood pump. Live long and prosper.

@kevinm7734

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrBecky can it be said that in similar manner other constants other than G could also change across the galaxy.

I appreciate that you are constantly updating us with this information. You’ve been a great help for me, especially with my studies. Thank you ❤️

@silverXnoise

2 жыл бұрын

The Smethurtilogical Constant: a measure of the immense flow of information from Dr. Becky Smethurst and a community of wonks on KZread.

@DrBecky

2 жыл бұрын

Amazing! You’re very welcome

Your channel reinvigorates my love for astronomy

The Gravitational constant that I know is that it constantly hurts when hitting the Earth 🌏 after falling from a great height 🤕 Love your work Dr Becky 🥰

Dr Becky.... I know of one unchanging constant! That is the consistent and uncompromising quality of your content!

@dr4d1s

2 жыл бұрын

Oh, you! Lol

@jamesengland7461

2 жыл бұрын

and bloopers :)

@chillpillology

2 жыл бұрын

🤮🤮🤮

@jamesengland7461

2 жыл бұрын

A compliment, unappreciated. Valid nonetheless.

The chart you used to show the different measurements of gravity looks like an article I've seen. Towards the end of the article, it suggested that we may know a lot more about G varying with time fairly shortly. They were referring to the Apollo Lunar Laser Ranging project running at Apache Point. Up until now, their best distance measurements had a resolution of about a centimetre. Apollo has been going through a number of upgrades that are hoped to improve the resolution down to millimetres - one part in 350x10^9. The suggestion is that these upgrades *may* demonstrate that the moon is retreating a bit faster than the other factors can account for, and possibly imply G is getting smaller.

I can't put my finger on it, but there was something in the way you presented this video that made me enjoy it way more than usual. It was flowing with ease. It was clear. It kept my intereset each second from start to finish. Thank you :)

@bobaldo2339

2 жыл бұрын

Her personality!

@04:07 I was going to answer all three of these questions...but then things got really busy at work.

Now this is some great stuff! Been watching you since way back at 60 Symbols and this is maybe the best ...other than the Brian May material. Also so good to see someone so happy, enthusiastic and immersed in their chosen field in these...times. Can't wait for your takes on JW when it comes on line.

I'm glad you aren't afraid to dive into these issues, and that you are so good at explaining the possibilities to us, too! Thank you for what you do, Dr. Becky!

Just a simple demonstration of the weakness of gravity using a magnet and a bobby pin allows for your whole discussion. The numbers using many decimal places can be pictured with more relevancy once the effect of gravity is observed. Your breakdown of the different camps investigating this science is spot on. But then your understanding of this subject and your ability to convey it is very much appreciated.

Great topic, perfectly dealt with. With you, I can actually grasp these big questions, although I am not nearly smart enough. You just walk me through, thank you.

This discussion touches directly the veracity of the cosmological principle. The cosmological principle is a principle, not a fact. The cosmological principle is an assumption that _may not_ be true. It is important to know your assumptions. This was a great discussion, Dr. Becky. Thanks.

@markfergerson2145

2 жыл бұрын

Yep. I only believe in two things; the laws of thermodynamics and the cosmological principle, because so far they're basically untestable on very large scales and times. Everything else is pretty much testable and don't need belief. ;>)

@rubiks6

2 жыл бұрын

@@markfergerson2145 - The universe becomes much more interesting when you let go of these unwarranted assumptions.

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

@@rubiks6 You were bored by the universe at an earlier time for you--?

@rubiks6

2 жыл бұрын

@@RideAcrossTheRiver - I have always been fascinated by the universe. I was so fascinated I wanted to figure out who made it and I did. Now I know that the universe did not come from nothing like in the Big Bang story but that it has a Creator who has the wisdom and power and desire to create this universe and put us in it and He has a purpose for the universe and for us. No, I don't think I've ever been bored by the universe but I disagree with the cosmological principle. I believe the person who has the power and wisdom to create this universe and invent the laws of physics that we are discovering also has the ability to change those laws in various times and places to suit his purposes. Therefore I cannot agree that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in space and time. Even you, if you believe in the Big Bang, cannot accept the cosmological principle because in the Big Bang narrative there was a "time" (I have no better term) and "place" (again, I have no better term) where space/time and the very laws of physics themselves did not exist. That right there breaks the cosmological principle. Our universe needs a sufficient cause to exist and that cause does exist and has made Himself discoverable. The Big Bang is woefully insufficient to be the cause of our universe. Time and chance are also woefully insufficient to be the cause. Someone with the wisdom and power and desire to create this universe is the cause of this universe's existence. That Someone is exquisitely fascinating.

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

​@@rubiks6 "The Big Bang is woefully insufficient to be the cause of our universe" It's the explanation, however, that fits all evidence and data; whereas your long-winded need for a father figure does not explain anything. Also, you have the 'Big Bang' theory all wrong. Your mistake: the theory does not in any way state or even hint at a 'before'. The theory explains only the origin of all that we observe today. "I cannot agree that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in space and time" It wasn't. Your second mistake. "That Someone is exquisitely fascinating." That someone exists in your imagination. Show us a sample of it.

Dr. Becks you are one of my favorite smart people. Thanks for being a smarty pants on youtube, always a good watch

Always pleasant to spend time with Dr. Becky. It's been a long day, this was a nice way to relax.

For the Star Trek fans, we knew about changing the gravitational constant because Q said to Geordi Laforge in an episode: 'Simple. Change the gravitational constant of the universe.' The Q are able to do it! Ok, ok, it's in a sci-fi episode, but ... 🤔😉

@DrBecky

2 жыл бұрын

🖖

@marcusdirk

2 жыл бұрын

I was going to quote this, and ask for an "Astrophysicist Reacts" to the episode, Star Trek: The Next Generation _Deja_ _Q_ .

@peterkelley6344

2 жыл бұрын

And to think the Star Trek Franchise came on this first. Will they get the credit?

@portalopener7759

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrBecky : Gravitational waves are oscillating electromagnetic radiation shock waves because Gravitational waves can be created by colliding Neutron stars according to Ligo Caltech the owner of the Laser interferometer observatory that detected the Gravitational waves. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light and light is electromagnetic radiation. Light comes from stars. Stars are made from electricity that come from electrons that can flow through space. Electricity creates light. Photons are particles of light. Photons are electromagnetic radiation. Light can travel as electromagnetic waves. Light contributes to the creation of gravity because light is electromagnetic radiation. All black holes in space are created by strong intense aggressive electromagnetic radiation. Black holes in space are only made visible because of the electromagnetic radiation that is light that surrounds the black holes. It is strong electromagnetic radiation that curves and warps space-time. Gravity is also liquid metal electromagnetism because all planets and stars have got boiling hot magnetic cores according to the results of experiments that have been performed by Computed tomography scanning and also Geophysical imaging and Seismic tomography. The Gravity of a planet or a star is created by its boiling hot magnetic core with electrons that can create repulsive electric charges traveling through space and are combined with the magnetic field of the planet or the star resulting in the creation of an electromagnetic field. The magnetic field of a planet or a star is created by the boiling hot magnetic core of the planet or the star. On a planet movement is possible because the boiling hot magnetic core of a planet is NOT a permanent magnet because when a magnet is frozen the strength of the magnet is increased and when the temperature of a magnet is heated up the strength of the magnet becomes weaker. If the magnetic core of our planet were to become frozen instead of being boiling hot then we would be trapped and NOT have any movement. Gravity is electromagnetism because electromagnetism is both repulsive and attractive at the same time. Gravity is both attractive and repulsive at the same time because if Gravity were only attractive then things that are attracted by Gravity would be trapped and NOT have any movement. Gravity is electromagnetism because there is NO proof that Gravity exists as a separate entity to electromagnetism. There is no proof that the hypothetical particle that is called a Graviton exists. The idea of Gravity as a separate entity to electromagnetism that exists on its own is a myth and will NEVER be proven to be true. Gravitational properties of light-the gravitational field of a laser pulse: kzread.info/dash/bejne/ZqyTuqSAmZXMgqQ.html iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009 (Please download and read and keep the following pdf document) Gravitational properties of light-the gravitational field of a laser pulse: iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009/pdf Scientists create (artificial micro) BLACK HOLE inside lab using world’s strongest ever laser: www.express.co.uk/news/science/811852/BLACK-HOLE-inside-lab-strongest-ever-laser Frozen Magnets Become ULTRA POWERFUL: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gpV4qZqGn8TWYLw.html Gravitational Waves Are Electromagnetic: kzread.info/dash/bejne/Y4h-uKmcYJubYpM.html Electromagnetism is the Glue of the Universe: kzread.info/dash/bejne/a3p3u6mbf7rRZNo.html Here's How Electromagnetism Holds the Universe Together: www.labroots.com/trending/videos/9369/here-s-how-electromagnetism-holds-universe-together Electromagnetism is a property of spacetime itself, study finds: sciencex.com/news/2021-07-electromagnetism-property-spacetime.html Understanding Electromagnetic Radiation! | ICT #5: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eIt3sMGueZjfl7w.html Electromagnetic radiation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation Scharnhorst effect (By Klaus Scharnhorst): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scharnhorst_effect What is light made of ?: www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150731-what-is-a-ray-of-light-made-of In a First, Gravitational Waves created by Neutron Star Crash: www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/gravitational-waves-discovered-neutron-stars-pictures-science Gravitational waves reveal radii of colliding neutron stars: physicsworld.com/a/gravitational-waves-reveal-radii-of-colliding-neutron-stars/ Scientists Detect Gravitational Waves Produced by Colliding Neutron Stars: libarts.olemiss.edu/scientists-detect-gravitational-waves-produced-by-colliding-neutron-stars/ Scientists detect first gravitational waves produced by colliding neutron stars: www.phys.soton.ac.uk/news/5479 Gold origin confirmed with first ever neutron star gravitational wave sighting: warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/gold_origin_confirmed/ 'Black neutron star' discovery changes astronomy: www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53151106 Ligo Caltech: www.ligo.caltech.edu/ Sources and Types of Gravitational Waves: www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources Gravity is an Electromagnetic Force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/c2lqzMVpj8q_ito.html Earth's Magnetic Field | Earth Itself Is a Huge Magnet | Magnetosphere | Arbor Scientific: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eZmVlsV-cZi4mdY.html Gravitoelectromagnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism Magnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism Electromagnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism Lorentz force: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force The Laplace force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/l3-o0siEnNy2cdY.html Tbe Lorentz force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/oIZ4uM9uotHFYqQ.html Is planet Earth a magnet?: www.usgs.gov/faqs/earth-a-magnet?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products Earth's magnetic field: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field Seismic Imaging Unearths Detailed Picture of Earth's Inner Core: www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/earth-3D-seismic.html CT scan of Earth links deep mantle plumes with volcanic hotspots: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150902134939.htm CT Scan - computed tomography scan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scan Geophysical imaging: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_imaging Seismic tomography: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_tomography Seismic Imaging, Overview: link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-90-481-8702-7_167 The planet Earth’s magnetic field now flips more often than ever (The Earth’s magnetic field protects the inhabitants of planet Earth form harmful solar radiation): www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20141110-earths-magnetic-field-flips-more Einstein's Lies: The Speed of Light is an Elementary Constant: kzread.info/dash/bejne/noCMtdaFeJvJZZs.html Shock waves created in the lab mimic supernova particle accelerators: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200608134410.htm Electrogravity physics - What is Gravity?: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gmd_s5Kym66-n8Y.html Electrogravity physics: electrogravityphysics.com/electromagnetic-nature-gravity/

@adamhaze8477

2 жыл бұрын

@@portalopener7759 An entree sized bowl of Word and Link soup - yum!

Great video, you did a great job explaining the current status on the value of G

@rosellabill

2 жыл бұрын

My brain is SORE. But I would never have thought of different types of gravity if I did not watch this. I appreciate all of your videos.

Your enthusiasm is infectious.

Dr. B....thanks for doing this...explaining complex concept s with reference to the actual theories behind them without dumping down is really engaging ....and your obvious enthusiasm and excitement in matters astrophysics is infectious

I have always thought of gravity as the result of matter with mass trying to hold space together (opposing the expansion) which creates a region of lower potential near any "mass". Which attracts other mass. So, G would depend upon the rate of expansion of space in the local environment. Which kind of explains why the Hubble constant isn't really a constant based on latest observations.

The question I've always to asked myself is, does the gravitational constant change with the expansion of the universe? How would we know if the gravitational constant changed over long time periods?

@Blesna

2 жыл бұрын

Space is expanding. Not a things in this space expanding, not mass of those objects are increasing. Things in space make gravity. Thing that have mass is producing gravity. If you expand space, mass of objects inside of space will not change. Volume of thing may change, but not the mass.

@stargazer7644

Жыл бұрын

Because when you look far away in space, you're looking long ago in time. If G was changing over time, distant objects long ago would behave differently than nearby ones recently.

Thank you for providing the links to the papers you reference in your video; it saves so much time searching for them then trying to find sites where they are free.

Thank you so much for your excellent and accessible translations/interpretations/explanations of complex but extremely interesting astronomy studies. I am careful about where I am getting my information on the internet and you as a trustworthy source are a rock star in this regard! I hope you will always continue your KZread program.

Thanks for the very interesting video. My question: your first topic especially depends on light being constant. If G changes, isn’t it also possible that the speed of light might vary as well or not be the same in all directions? Thanks for all the work you do on your channel.

@g33xzi11a

Жыл бұрын

I think the m in E = MC^2 is the inertial mass not the gravitational mass. It so happens that in General relativity these two values are the same, but that needn't necessarily be the case.

@trevorhallewell

Жыл бұрын

I’m not sure if you’ve seen it, but Veritasium has a really interesting KZread video about that very question. He even quotes Einstein when he came up with the theory of Relativity roughly saying that he took some liberties to assume the speed of light was the same in both directions but that it wasn’t actually possible to prove. Honestly most of it went over my head but it was very interesting nonetheless. You should check it out if you haven’t yet. It’s called, “why no one has measured the speed of light yet”. He talks about what the implications of this could be to the future of physics. Let me know what you think!

Fast becoming my favorite Physics channel. I feel like you bring up really important and interesting questions in all of your videos. You also explain the topic well for both those without any physics background and those with a physics background.

This is my favorite sort of post from you where you talk about the problems and conflicts between current theory and observations. Either observations are wrong or theory or both. That puts us in the fun zone as thinkers:)

Really enjoy your content and attention to research updates. You have become my place to go when seeking the latest astrophysics journeys. Thank you Dr. Becky

From a layman writer's point of view, I've sometimes wondered whether the force of gravity could become geometrically stronger to a very small degree in the presence of many gravitational fields. rather than arithmetically. So the G of a galaxy cluster would be more than the sum of its parts -- or individual fields -- to a greater extent than a galaxy. Could the cumulative gravity of the Solar system be very slightly higher than the arithmetical value of the sum of the gravitational fields of the sun, planets, and sub-planet bodies on each other. I guess what I'm asking is do gravitational fields possibly boost or suppress the gravitational effects on another body. How could you test that? Er... asking for a friend. Not me. I wouldnt want to use that idea in a sci-fi story. I dont even write sci-fi. In fact I don't even write. Perish the thought. Er... I'm not even here. It wasn't me?

Dr becky you're amazing!!! Completely irrelevant but.... I've recently started reading about quantum mechanics and am currently reading about quantum entanglement and the EPR paradox! Although we have evidence that says extra information about particles cannot exist more than we already know like einstine thought and assumed it was predetermined I still somehow would love to believe his theory coz it sounds very interesting. But yeah I'm loving quantum mechanics. I would love to hear what you think! Thanks

Such an amazing video on G. Your content is always very engaging mentally and in every other way, your voice and your face are absolutely beautiful. Definitely subbed for life!

"To say it properly you need to chill out" That's when you know you're into it. I'm very impressed I can tell that you don't have to pause the camera to read anything you are very smart

We're fortunate to have people like you investing your lives in topics like this so you can summarize it for us! More power to you!!

You know it would be intresting seeing a similar video on some of the other constants. For example what would brake and how in our models if C wasn't as constant as we believe? Particularly if C varried over larger stretches of time could that explain some of the dark energy?

@johnstonewall917

2 жыл бұрын

My thoughts also.

@Michael75579

2 жыл бұрын

There are limits on how much c can vary as well. For example, at Oklo in Gabon, uranium-bearing rocks formed a natural nuclear reactor around 1.7 billion years ago. The equations describing the reactions and results include c, so we know c hasn't measurably changed over the last 1.7 billion years; at least not locally.

@vornamenachname2625

2 жыл бұрын

C is actual not a natural constant. The arbitrary definition of meter and second given C its value. If you "vary" C you would directly vary the spacetime itself. If you slow down C you see an expansion of space, if you speed up C you see a contraction of space.

@Mark_Bridges

2 жыл бұрын

@@vornamenachname2625 You can say the same for G, however it seems there is a chance it might vary based on this video. Your response doesn't explain why c can't vary too.

@johncaldwell695

2 жыл бұрын

@@vornamenachname2625 c, the velocity of light in vacuo, is described by the permitivity and permeability of free space according to the Maxwell-Heavyside equations, so one might say that c is not a natural constant. Changes in c imply that either the permitivity and/or the permeability of free space are different from what is measured on earth at the present. Or, of course, if the Maxwell-Heavyside equations are not quite correct, as some people suggest, in the same way that the equations of relativity are known to be not quite completely correct. Some of these people are capable of either proving this suggestion or confirming that the Maxwell-Heavyside equations are actually correct in all circumstances. Note that the Maxwell-Heavyside equations do a pretty good job here on earth, as do Newton's laws.

Thank you Dr. Becky. I love your enthusiasm. The topics you cover are always interesting! Much love from Michigan USA 🥰

OMG. This was the best explanation I've seen on dark matter and energy! Also I loved your"blooper reel" it was so cute!

I’m still trying to wrap my head around the fact that your refrigerator magnet is stronger than the force that is keeping me from floating off the surface of the earth 😳……

@Reyajh

2 жыл бұрын

Pound for pound there, is the key 😜

@hamjudo

2 жыл бұрын

If I pet my cat on a dry day, I will end up with a static charge stronger than gravity. It is so mind bending that my hair sticks out like I am in a cartoon.

@portalopener7759

2 жыл бұрын

@Dan'l 56: More information about gravity: The strength of a magnet becomes stronger when the temperature of a magnet becomes frozen. A magnet can be frozen with liquid nitrogen. The strength of a magnet becomes weaker when the temperature of a magnet becomes hot. Gravity on Earth is weaker than the gravity out in space from a black hole that has been created by a dead star, because gravity on Earth comes from both the hot melted magnetic core of our Sun SOL and also the hot melted magnetic core of our planet Earth. Gravity is melted magnetism because gravity can come from a melted magnet and our Sun is a giant hot melted magnet that creates gravity for all the planets in our Star system. Magnetic gas creates gravity because our Sun is also a giant ball of magnetic gas. Frozen Magnets Become ULTRA POWERFUL: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gpV4qZqGn8TWYLw.html The Sun Is A Magnet!: kzread.info/dash/bejne/a6CnytmEebSYaag.html How to Make Magnetic Bubbles With Paramagnetic Oxygen and a Giant Neodymium Magnet: kzread.info/dash/bejne/paumvNqeha3fZaw.html Scientists Create First Ever Magnetic Gas: www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-09/scientists-create-first-ever-magnetic-gas/ Gravity: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

@portalopener7759

2 жыл бұрын

@Dan'l 56: Gravitational waves are oscillating electromagnetic radiation shock waves because Gravitational waves can be created by colliding Neutron stars according to Ligo Caltech the owner of the Laser interferometer observatory that detected the Gravitational waves. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light and light is electromagnetic radiation. Light comes from stars. Stars are made from electricity that come from electrons that can flow through space. Electricity creates light. Photons are particles of light. Photons are electromagnetic radiation. Light can travel as electromagnetic waves. Light contributes to the creation of gravity because light is electromagnetic radiation. All black holes in space are created by strong intense aggressive electromagnetic radiation. Black holes in space are only made visible because of the electromagnetic radiation that is light that surrounds the black holes. It is strong electromagnetic radiation that curves and warps space-time. Gravity is also liquid metal electromagnetism because all planets and stars have got boiling hot magnetic cores according to the results of experiments that have been performed by Computed tomography scanning and also Geophysical imaging and Seismic tomography. The Gravity of a planet or a star is created by its boiling hot magnetic core with electrons that can create repulsive electric charges traveling through space and are combined with the magnetic field of the planet or the star resulting in the creation of an electromagnetic field. The magnetic field of a planet or a star is created by the boiling hot magnetic core of the planet or the star. On a planet movement is possible because the boiling hot magnetic core of a planet is NOT a permanent magnet because when a magnet is frozen the strength of the magnet is increased and when the temperature of a magnet is heated up the strength of the magnet becomes weaker. If the magnetic core of our planet were to become frozen instead of being boiling hot then we would be trapped and NOT have any movement. Gravity is electromagnetism because electromagnetism is both repulsive and attractive at the same time. Gravity is both attractive and repulsive at the same time because if Gravity were only attractive then things that are attracted by Gravity would be trapped and NOT have any movement. Gravity is electromagnetism because there is NO proof that Gravity exists as a separate entity to electromagnetism. There is no proof that the hypothetical particle that is called a Graviton exists. The idea of Gravity as a separate entity to electromagnetism that exists on its own is a myth and will NEVER be proven to be true. Gravitational properties of light-the gravitational field of a laser pulse: kzread.info/dash/bejne/ZqyTuqSAmZXMgqQ.html iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009 (Please download and read and keep the following pdf document) Gravitational properties of light-the gravitational field of a laser pulse: iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009/pdf Scientists create (artificial micro) BLACK HOLE inside lab using world’s strongest ever laser: www.express.co.uk/news/science/811852/BLACK-HOLE-inside-lab-strongest-ever-laser Frozen Magnets Become ULTRA POWERFUL: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gpV4qZqGn8TWYLw.html Gravitational Waves Are Electromagnetic: kzread.info/dash/bejne/Y4h-uKmcYJubYpM.html Electromagnetism is the Glue of the Universe: kzread.info/dash/bejne/a3p3u6mbf7rRZNo.html Here's How Electromagnetism Holds the Universe Together: www.labroots.com/trending/videos/9369/here-s-how-electromagnetism-holds-universe-together Electromagnetism is a property of spacetime itself, study finds: sciencex.com/news/2021-07-electromagnetism-property-spacetime.html Understanding Electromagnetic Radiation! | ICT #5: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eIt3sMGueZjfl7w.html Electromagnetic radiation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation Scharnhorst effect (By Klaus Scharnhorst): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scharnhorst_effect What is light made of ?: www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150731-what-is-a-ray-of-light-made-of In a First, Gravitational Waves created by Neutron Star Crash: www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/gravitational-waves-discovered-neutron-stars-pictures-science Gravitational waves reveal radii of colliding neutron stars: physicsworld.com/a/gravitational-waves-reveal-radii-of-colliding-neutron-stars/ Scientists Detect Gravitational Waves Produced by Colliding Neutron Stars: libarts.olemiss.edu/scientists-detect-gravitational-waves-produced-by-colliding-neutron-stars/ Scientists detect first gravitational waves produced by colliding neutron stars: www.phys.soton.ac.uk/news/5479 Gold origin confirmed with first ever neutron star gravitational wave sighting: warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/gold_origin_confirmed/ 'Black neutron star' discovery changes astronomy: www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53151106 Ligo Caltech: www.ligo.caltech.edu/ Sources and Types of Gravitational Waves: www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources Gravity is an Electromagnetic Force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/c2lqzMVpj8q_ito.html Earth's Magnetic Field | Earth Itself Is a Huge Magnet | Magnetosphere | Arbor Scientific: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eZmVlsV-cZi4mdY.html Gravitoelectromagnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism Magnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism Electromagnetism: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism Lorentz force: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force The Laplace force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/l3-o0siEnNy2cdY.html Tbe Lorentz force: kzread.info/dash/bejne/oIZ4uM9uotHFYqQ.html Is planet Earth a magnet?: www.usgs.gov/faqs/earth-a-magnet?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products Earth's magnetic field: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field Seismic Imaging Unearths Detailed Picture of Earth's Inner Core: www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/earth-3D-seismic.html CT scan of Earth links deep mantle plumes with volcanic hotspots: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150902134939.htm CT Scan - computed tomography scan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scan Geophysical imaging: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_imaging Seismic tomography: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_tomography Seismic Imaging, Overview: link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-90-481-8702-7_167 The planet Earth’s magnetic field now flips more often than ever (The Earth’s magnetic field protects the inhabitants of planet Earth form harmful solar radiation: www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20141110-earths-magnetic-field-flips-more Einstein's Lies: The Speed of Light is an Elementary Constant: kzread.info/dash/bejne/noCMtdaFeJvJZZs.html Shock waves created in the lab mimic supernova particle accelerators: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200608134410.htm Electrogravity physics - What is Gravity?: kzread.info/dash/bejne/gmd_s5Kym66-n8Y.html Electrogravity physics: electrogravityphysics.com/electromagnetic-nature-gravity/

@shanent5793

2 жыл бұрын

It's not true. Try lifting 65 kg with a fridge magnet.

Btw.: Are gravitational waves also red shifted?

@Feefa99

2 жыл бұрын

They should be, I think some measurements could point out to better expansion of the universe

@andreja5521

2 жыл бұрын

if they are loosing their energy ? yes, they do, they are loosing energy to expansion of the universe, to matter (galaxies and stuff like that) and to other gravitational waves

What a wonderfully informative video. Thanks Dr Becky 😊

My favorite solution is that the gravitational factor (not a constant) depends on the depth of the gravity well where each object is located. Instead of F = G x M1M2/d(squared), the equation would be F = G1M1 x G2M2/d(squared). The values of G would depend on how deep in a gravity well the masses are located. A star located much closer to a super massive black hole will see a smaller value of G than a similar star much further away from the super massive black hole. The up side of this is no need to invent black matter to explain the rotation rates of different parts of galaxies. In support of this, small galaxies that do not have a central, super massive, black hole, do not seem to have any dark matter.

I have this question: If gravity is mediated by hypothetical graviton, shouldn't expanding universe cause the gravitons to be, um, "red-shifted" between galaxies, as the space is stretching them on the "journey" (just like CMB photons)? Which then should make the gravity (but not G constant) weaker on the large scale?

@Rosyna

2 жыл бұрын

General relativity disallows a force carrier, such as gravitons and graviolis, from existing.

@hamjudo

2 жыл бұрын

Gravity gets weaker with distance. The "redshift" was in Newton's law of gravity from the very beginning.

@WhiteTeeTurnip

2 жыл бұрын

So gravity isn't actually a force its a curve in space time. Time dialation is the reason an apple "falls" to earth.

@WhiteTeeTurnip

2 жыл бұрын

@@hamjudo the further away it is the greater the time dialation and the smaller the curce in space time.

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

@@WhiteTeeTurnip Space curve.

Hey, cool vid! But, I have a question… If G is different across space or time, and we are looking at astrophysical phenomena, such as accepted values for luminosity, color and energy output for certain stellar types, wouldn’t a different value of G also cause those “currently accepted values” to be different? For example, a lower value of G would, in turn reduce th gravitational forces inside a white dwarf before a type 1-a supernova occurs, which would, in turn change the amount of mass needed before the explosion, which would make a physically larger star, changing the luminosity/brightness ratio, and throwing the standard candle value out the window? Or was this taken into account, and the proper calculations done? To;dr - it seems like these “direct measurements “ taken to determine G, are directly impacted by any potential change in G being investigated.

@markfergerson2145

2 жыл бұрын

There's also spectral redshift due to light from an object having to climb out of the object's gravity well. If G changes the redshift changes. We'd have noticed.

@bebop.

2 жыл бұрын

This is correct. These effects are also taken into account in studies (usually).

I love this channel because it makes me feel smarter than I really am

@kylekataryn3454

Жыл бұрын

you are smarter than you know. many people lack the time, opportunity to investigate. how fortunate are we to live in a time when knowledge is so ubuiquitously accessable?

Hi Dr. Becky I love your videos so much, because you make very difficult concepts and ideas more understandable. I was wondering if you could make a video about your reasearch and/or writing process for either these videos, or scienctic papers you have published?

Regardless of the answer, one must ask, "How do all the parts of our Universe 'know' how to behave?" Who phoned ahead to inform every object of the various physical constants? 😀

@web4639

2 жыл бұрын

The rules were set and "communicated" to all the parts of space before everything flew apart shortly after the big bang (vvv shortly after)

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721

2 жыл бұрын

The quality assurance department of the physical laws team is hard at work.

I wished she'd have spent a little more time explaining how measurement of G in distant galaxies/times doesn't rely on the assumption that G is constant. Otherwise, it's a circular argument.

@rogerclarke7407

2 жыл бұрын

I was thinking along the similar line. If mass is determined by its interaction with gravity then how would we determine mass independent of gravity?

@IamGrimalkin

2 жыл бұрын

Well, it'll depend on which measurement of G you are tlakkng about, there are many different measurements with different methods in this video.

@jonka1

2 жыл бұрын

Roger Clark Possibly by looking at its inertia

@jursamaj

2 жыл бұрын

​@@IamGrimalkin Point is, none of what was shown actually made it clear how each method wasn't circular. It would have been nice to get that for *any* of them.

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

@@rogerclarke7407 Mass is determined by matter. WEIGHT is determined by gravity and mass

I have thought of this quite a bit ...nice to see a video looking at it.

Love the magnet explanation, I’d never thought of it that way before. Thanks once again for expanding my mind.

This was really interesting and fun to watch, thanks for this video.

amazing video, best physics video I have watched in a while!

Great video Becky, thank you for sharing

Thank you @DrBecky! A couple months ago, I had asked you if the laws of physics were mutable over space and time. This helps answer part of it - the gravity part anyway. Thanks again!

WOW, finally! "Dark-" things gets an understandable explanation, I LOVE it :-D

@jannikheidemann3805

Жыл бұрын

Understanding that we don't understand is a step closer to truth.

As a northern hemisphere resident and your topic on the southern aspect of our galaxy with a view? Indeed our galaxy is something to behold: let me just get my head round that proportionally galactic arc! Appreciated DrBecky

Not too shabby on the singing abilities there.

This is an incredible video. Such a fascinating topic

This might be my new favorite Dr Becky video

I love that frame zero has closed eyes. I found it near impossible not to blink when starting to speak when making videos.

Excellent. One of your best!

You have fast become one of my top three favorite science lecturers

I tried to be funny with my last comment yesterday. It was confusing but I meant only good things. Dr. Becky, you're awesome and very enlightening. I mean it when I say thank you for increasing our understanding through your own work and from clarifying other papers on scientific and astronomical matters.

Dr Becky thank you for your efforts! I learned.

I love your videos so much! Thanks so much for what you do!

This was very inspiring. Great video

This was wonderful! Thank you so much!

Glad to hear a credible scientist say this. I've been saying this for decades since the AOL Chatroom days. For all we know at the decimal place we haven't measured yet, we will call it Xth decimal place of G and C and maybe even Fine Structure Constant is "evaporating" slowly. Until in say 1x 10⁴⁰⁰ years everything just dissolves.

Thank you. I learn something with every video.

Dr Becky dropping another classic on us!

Thanks, Dr. Becky, for a fascinating video on an intriguing subject. Knowing how gravity works, I would expect G to be galactically defined, influenced by the local group and different in every galaxy, and within one percent of perfectly consistent within any galaxy. I would expect it to change when galaxies collide.

Youre a treasure, Dr. Becky, thanks for doing what you do. I found this fascinating.

사랑합니다. 당신의 그 열정을 사랑합니다. 영어 한마디 못하는 저에게까지 전해질 정도의 열정! "과학이 얼마나 재밌는데?!" 라고 말하는 그 열정! 3년 안에 당신의 채널을 유튜브영어자막의 도움을 받아 알아들을 수 있는 게 제 목표입니다. 그 때가 얼른 와서 영어로 감사댓글을 남길 수 있으면 좋겠네요.

Fascinating, Dr Becky! Thank you so much for this; I'm particularly interested because it all has a bearing on a novel I was trying to write (a long, long time ago, now). I gave up on it because I couldn't get my head around one of the central ideas - I called it 'slanted light' - which posited that gravity in between stars was very much lower than near a large mass. If this were true, then it would, I think, completely alter our perception of the scale of the universe. Light would struggle (relatively speaking, pardon the pun) to get beyond its originating star's gravity well, but once in interstellar space, it would just sort of -zip- through space to the next star (... I think?); and because we assume that gravity is constant everywhere, the result is that we are led to believe that other stars are incredibly far away... but perhaps, just perhaps, they're very much closer. The Voyager probes, now beyond the heliosphere, have, I understand, provided some indications of strangeness out there... but I'm no astrophysicist (and because I love this pet theory I naturally grasp at any straws that might hint that there's actually something to it!) Your 'question #2' has a direct bearing on all of this, but your description here of the research in that area focuses on the strength of gravity *near other stars* far away... which is of course not the same thing as the question of whether gravity *between* stars is different. I'm really sorry if that's all utter nonsense! :)

Thank you, as I was asking myself that question recently. I’m embarrassed if I saw your post last year and didn’t remember your video.

Thaks so much for this video :D Becky. I always wandered if a change in the value of gravity could explain all the issues with the missing matter of galaxies. Now I have a clearer picture.

Excellent explanation, great pacing, backed up with serious expertise - you’ve got this DOWN

Im a fan of Dr Becky I watch all her videos, but I have not a clue what she talks about but it’s so interesting !

Great video! Wish you had talked a bit more about gravity varying with scale, with relatively tiny object, and questions about if gravity is quantized or not

I typically only watch Anton Petrov’s YT channel for my science news, but ur aight. Anton’s still my go-to tho.

A fantasic channel which is a pleasure and an education to watch. Thanks Becky for your efforts and obvious enthusiasm! Just to nitpick, I take issue with the equation at 0:28, which I feel has one too many "10^-11"s in the last line... 😉

This is what I was considering while making my morning coffee. I was too lazy to look into it even after finishing the coffee. This video is scratching an itch I was trying to bury deep in my procrastination priority list.

I have a first-hand experience with gravity, that crafty little bugger! In 1993 I was living in the Florida Keys. One day in late summer my friend Steve and I were fishing from the No Name Bridge. All day long I kept seeing rocks falling all over - I watched them strike the trees, bounce on the pavement, etc. I was a police officer then, and my first thought was someone I had arrested was harassing me but I didn't see anyone around at all; I even used my binoculars too, but there wasn't even a boat there. I told Steve, and he loudly exclaims to everyone fishing on the bridge, "she's seein' rocks falling - I think she's drunk, time to cut her off"! Everyone laughed, even me, but while I was drinking, I wasn't intoxicated. So, I just ignored the rocks, figuring the offender would get tired and stop at some point. But, they continued, all day long. Now remember we're looking down into the water, not looking up into the sky. At this point it's dark out... All of a sudden there's a bright light, brighter than day- the light hurt my eyes. There were these loud booming noises too. Steve and I looked up to see a huge fireball with sparks shooting off of it, it was groaning, and crackling with a loud periodic snapping noise and, what sounded like static - and a billowing, glowing debris/smoke trail that went up into space. It was literally right above us - and heading right for us. Everyone on the bridge instinctively ducks down with their hands on their head - there was no time to be scared though, as we saw the fireball smack the water maybe a mile beyond where were were fishing (in the No Name Channel), and we watched this large glowing rock sink, the glow fading from red to orange - and then it was gone. Immediately after that rocks that were glowing red were falling all around us: I watched as some hit the road, bounced and cracked into pieces - some that tore leaves off of the trees and then bounced on the forest floor, etc. We left since it didn't feel safe at that point as some of the rocks were getting really close to us! On my way home driving on the 7-Mile Bridge I saw many meteorites hitting the water, and one just missed the passenger window of my car, going just over me, and just missing the concrete guardrail of the bridge and landing in the Gulf of Mexico! When I got home in Marathon people were on their roofs hosing them down - one guy told me that it caught fire after being hit. Everyone else was huddled inside... This is where we were: www.google.com/maps/@24.6978962,-81.342727,3a,75y,0.27h,80.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sF0Fhl2DwuhGvSVfllq1u9g!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DF0Fhl2DwuhGvSVfllq1u9g%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D177.54463%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

I just think you like to deconstruct my world view at this point Dr. Becky! And, I can't lie, it is amazing...

If I had teachers like you in high school I would have paid more attention. thank you

I loved this video so much! Hearing about actual research into this stuff and you saying "...the strength of gravity doesn't really change much."! That means that the observations can't tell for certain, it might or it might not! That's super exciting, because it means we need more and better data to be absolutely sure! Sorry about all the shouting, I just got so excited to hear all this 🥰

You deserve millions of subscribers.

Weighty topic, well explained and illustrated. I feel smarter. Thank you.

You're great 👍 thanks for the quality content

I really enjoyed this one. A nice clear logical exposition on a fascinating topic I've kind of idly wondered about before, and just when I was thinking "but what if it varied with x?", the question got addressed, which is always nice! Now, I suppose the same question might be asked of the other force constants (perhaps not so much with distance and scale but certainly with time). If nuclear physics was different in the early universe due to differences in the electroweak or strong force, that would surely influence stellar physics in the early universe. I wonder if that would be detectable?

Brilliant science communication Dr Becky. Explaining Astrophysics in a way people understand without being patronising and still remaining humble. Your videos are very educational and entertaining. It's tragically sad, that some people actually make Flat Earth videos by contrast.

Problem whit long range measurement by observing distant objects as opposed to "local" is that the conditions of occurrence of observed events are different from our observational position, let's call it "time frame", ie space-time conditions are different due to the difference of gravitational field and object real velocities of the observed object, differences in relative speed between the observed distant object and the place of observation. Because the speed of light is constant, gravitational conditions are different in terms of space curvature which means that events of remote observed body and measurement position differ in terms of time ie hapoening in different "time frame". Since the estimation of the mass of measuring objects is estimated on the basis of assumptions and predictions known to us now, it is difficult to obtain a relevant accurate result without a major error in measurement.

You always amaze me young lady, keep up the great work

Fascinating...I believe we are going to be surprised by a change in our thinking of how the universe works in a very short period of time from now!

2:12: First, the equation on the left hand side does not describe magnetism, but the electrostatic force. Second, if you divide k by G, you don't simply get a dimensionless number, but a number with the unit kg²/C². So you can't use this number to compare the relative strenghts of electromagnetism and gravity!