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  @davidluther395513 сағат бұрын

  EXCELLENT PRESENTATION!ONE OF BEST EXPLANATIONS OF CE CONFIGURATIONS I HAVE EVER HAD.I WISH I HAD THESE GIFTS WHEN I WAS A COLLEGE STUDENT STRUGLING THROUGH TO UNDERSTAND ALL OF THIS.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore5 сағат бұрын

  Glad you liked it. Tell your pals!

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  @JayJay-ki4mi19 сағат бұрын

  I've got the speed x2 and you're still talking slow at points 🤣 Non the less great video thank you.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore5 сағат бұрын

  I would tend to agree regarding this video, but some people have told me that they have a hard time keeping up because I talk too fast. It's a Goldilocks thing, I guess.

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  @davidluther3955Күн бұрын

  HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT VALUE OF SWAMPING RESISTOR TO USE?IS THERE SOME RULE OF THUMB OR FORMULA FOR THIS?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreКүн бұрын

  You have to fit it into your design requirements. Like most engineering, it's a matter of trade-offs. You have to balance the various parts. Once you understand what the component does, you can start playing with it to fine tune it. In this case, an increase in the swamping resistor will reduce distortion, increase Zin, and stabilize gain (generally good). On the down side, it will lower the gain. One place to start is "Just how much gain do I need?" This assumes that the non-swamped circuit has more gain than is required. You can then add resistance to bring the gain down to what you need, and in the process, see how well that change improved other factors. I should add that, when I make videos, I often choose convenient component values (i.e., convenient in the sense that you can do the calculations in your head, like having a 1.8k and 8.2k that adds up to 10k), so don't use these as a design goal. Back in college I had a calculus prof who would say "I like things to work out to one-sies and two-sies". IOW, why have the exercise work out to an answer of 3 pi over 17 when it could be 2 and you never have to pick up a calculator or pen? As long as they both illustrate the process, use the simpler one.

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  @rudygomez6996Күн бұрын

  Thank you. This is exactly what i was looking for. Everybody just describes what op amps do but not the internals. Would be cool to see the internals of popular op amps in their entirety

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreКүн бұрын

  Glad you liked it. I remember thinking the same thing when I was first learning about op amps decades ago (when they weren't nearly as nice as what's available now). I never liked to learn things as a "black box". It's immediately functional, but it doesn't take you into the future.

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  @rudygomez699621 сағат бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore I have almost a year of trying to learn electronics. It feels overwhelming sometimes, just soo much to learn lol.

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  @jlev505Күн бұрын

  Great video. I just got a bunch of Analog Devices 524B instrumentation amplifiers. I’m going to play around with them using audio…. Hopefully it sounds as awesome as they look. Nice ceramic 16 DIP with a pretty little gold plate on the top of the ceramic body. Thanks for the video. 👍

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  @andymouse8 күн бұрын

  This is interesting, I shall muck about with this !.....cheers.

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  @jaybabbity75699 күн бұрын

  Fire and electronics *don't* mix? Oh boy. I've got some redesigning to do.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore9 күн бұрын

  Welllll, sometimes they mix, like if you're doing pyrotechnics for a metal band. But generally, speaking, if your guitar amp or loudspeaker catches fire, you're probably doing something wrong. Just a suggestion, mind you. ;-)

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  @rudygomez69969 күн бұрын

  Do you have video with example of these enhancements? I understand better when i see the actual numbers at each step of the process. Thank you

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore9 күн бұрын

  In that case, download my free textbook, Semiconductor Devices (link in the description). You will find more info on this topic.

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  @rudygomez69968 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiorethank you!

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  @noob.485910 күн бұрын

  Sir i have a doubt from page no. 16 of your book electronic devices in the topic variable naming convention, you write that voltage are denoted by Vxy and like that but the exception for this are power supplies which is denoted like Vbb or Vee, i m curious to know the difference between voltage and power supply. Thankyou

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore10 күн бұрын

  "Voltage" is a generic term indicating a potential difference. A power supply is a fixed DC voltage source, for example, a battery. Ideally, its value never changes. The other voltages referred to are those potentials seen across various components such as resistors or transistors. Their voltages will depend on the supply voltage(s). Sources generally are considered as voltage "rises" while the voltages across resistors and the like are generally considered as "drops".

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  @johnqueen546911 күн бұрын

  I’m new to your channel, and I’m really enjoying your lectures and I want to learn as much as I can from them. I notice that some of your videos are private, and I’m wondering why and what I’ll be missing out on as a result. Thanks for the great content and teaching style😊!

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore11 күн бұрын

  Those are videos that I am working on or which have been queued up for scheduled release. Don't worry, you'll see them eventually! Everything on this channel is available for everyone. There are no "tiers" or "support levels" or anything like that.

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  @johnqueen546910 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore Thanks for the prompt response. I’m loving your instruction and what I’m learning from you. I wouldn’t want to miss out on some cool material!

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  @laurentcouturet693612 күн бұрын

  Thank you for posting all your videos. I've just got some of your textbooks, which I'm sure will be very helpfull (DC & AC for the time being as I need a strong refresher...). There are many exercices after each chapter, which is good to verify that the chapter is "understood". Although it's written that answers are available for most 'Analysis' odd-numbered exercices. I didn't find any answers for 'Design' and 'Challenge' exercices. Sometimes it's hard to believe we got it right and reassure ourselves that progress is made if our answers cannot be checked against anything. Your comments will be welcome.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore11 күн бұрын

  This is a common questions that I get. There is a rationale for this. First, I don't include answers to all problems because these texts are used at colleges and universities, and professors assign some of these problems for graded homework. This is particularly true for the challenge and design exercises. Second, if you have doubts, remember that you can always capture the circuit in a simulator to check the results.

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  @pdeepakjayan551513 күн бұрын

  Can you please explain how the critical frequency of 1Hz for the noise affects the circuit??What is the significance of 1hz critical frequency as lower frequrncy limit for noise? For AC noise will the capacitor be short circuited at all frequency above 1Hz,thus grounding all the AC noises above 1Hz?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore13 күн бұрын

  There's nothing magic or special about 1 Hz. The choice of critical frequencies will depend on the application. In general, yes, you can look at those capacitors as shorts for higher frequencies. That is an idealization, of course. The reactance of real-world caps do not follow the Xc formula as frequency increases to infinity. Secondary effects come into play.

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  @pdeepakjayan551513 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore Thankyou sir

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  @roncaruso93113 күн бұрын

  It is great to know the theory, but todays electonics are mostly ICs. IC goes bad, replace it.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore13 күн бұрын

  Sure, but two things to consider. First, there are a lot of older discrete designs out there that might need to be repaired at some point, and second, whether or not a design uses discrete or integrated circuitry, someone (or some group) has to do the initial design and testing. If people only know how to replace ICs and no one knows the theory, there can be no progress. This goes back to the argument of the value of education versus training.

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  @roncaruso93113 күн бұрын

  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore I have no problem with learning theory. I did. But with all new designs of electronic devices having ICs, CPUs, SOC, and IC audio amps, and perhaps more, discrete designated are becoming a thing of the past. True theory about say repairing an old radio would be helpful.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore12 күн бұрын

  @@roncaruso931 And if that old radio uses a discrete class B output, what then? ;-) Besides, like I said, who is going to design the ICs that (internally) use a class B stage? Further, that new IC might use a class D output, but again, someone had to design that, even if all the repair tech does is replace said IC. Taking the opposite approach is a little like saying that no one needs to learn how to write code anymore because you can find lots of code already out there. All you have to do is patch it together. (sorry, no.) For that matter, why does anyone need to learn a musical instrument when they can just sample existing music and then edit and rearrange it? I think there is value in starting with the fundamentals in order to build a strong foundation, and working forward from there. Too many people try to skip that in order to get to "the latest and greatest", but the results are usually less than exemplary. If it's not obvious yet, this channel exists to help support people who are trying to learn the material from the bottom up. It is NOT designed for people looking for a video with just enough info on how to fix "X" with minimal knowledge. I think there are a sufficient number of those channels kicking around. And if that's what someone is looking for, I say all the power to them and have at it!

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  @roncaruso93112 күн бұрын

  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore I agree with you about old radios. But eventually, even old radios will be discarded. Today's young generation are not interested in saving these beautiful old analog radios.

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  @andymouse17 күн бұрын

  Awesome....cheers !

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  @hoticesteve18 күн бұрын

  are you using "Wrench" to analyze

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore18 күн бұрын

  No, that's the TINA-TI simulator. Wrench has a DSP version of these bass and treble controls (with adjustable corner frequencies). It also has fully parametric EQ and graphic EQ. You can do spectral analysis of signals but it won't draw Bode plots like TINA-TI.

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  @hoticesteve18 күн бұрын

  Thanks for the prompt reply

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  @Laay_19 күн бұрын

  This is so well explained I wanna cry. Thank you!!!

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  @dnkreative19 күн бұрын

  Great example. How to compute a value of Cby? What it depends of?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore19 күн бұрын

  Determine your lower frequency limit and then use the standard fc=1/(2piRC) formula. R is the Thevenized resistance around Cby (R1//R2//R3 to a first approximation).

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  @dbosse31120 күн бұрын

  Jim if I knew you were a guitar nerd I would have spent a lot more time hanging out in your labs before you retired. SO excited to find this stuff on KZread. MV misses you, take it from me.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore19 күн бұрын

  Wellll, I'm not so much a "guitar nerd" as I am a "science and music nerd". Definitely more on the percussion side than the stringed instruments side. There's lots of stuff here, so enjoy!

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  @rudygomez699620 күн бұрын

  9:00 the problem of running out of headroom being solved with pnp transistors is confusing lol. If we used just npn transistors, can we connect emmiter of second transistor into base of third transistor to achieve same effect??

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore20 күн бұрын

  If you cascade a bunch of NPNs, the collector voltages keep increasing from one stage to the next (Vc must be greater than Vb for an NPN). Eventually, it will hit the power supply. The opposite is true for PNPs, so alternating them produces Vc values that stay in the middle.

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  @rudygomez699619 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore thank you !

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  @rudygomez699620 күн бұрын

  11:00 I’m confused, wouldn’t re be just 150 ohm because cap acts like a short for ac?? Also the 150 ohm looks like a swamping resistor but it comes after cap instead of before, can you help please?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore20 күн бұрын

  Yes, the cap acts like a short at these frequencies and that's why the 150 is in parallel with the 3.3k (remember, the DC power supply is an AC ground). That combo is pretty close to 150, though. And yes, this resistance does act like swamping in that it will lower distortion compared to a typical CE amp.

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  @rudygomez699619 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore okay thank you!

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  @mutundwanisiwela80620 күн бұрын

  Without saying it, looking at the "equal loudness curves" I saw and understood 🤯🤯🤯 the necessity to apply the "BBC dip" type of EQ around the MID range frequencies. All, default EQ's have some form of "BBC dip" on them. And without this "BBC dip" the sound is a bit harsh and irritating at any volume level. I've always thought that amplifiers and speakers are a bit difficult and challenged around the mid range frequencies😅😂. only to find the problem lies within my bloody ears.😢😢😢 Prof. Thank you for the free clear, precise explanations with context

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  @andymouse22 күн бұрын

  Nice....cheers.

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  @Earth-Worm-Tim22 күн бұрын

  I’m currently in the last semester of my MSEE and though I didn’t narrow my specific interest being in RF/Mircrowave electronics; I can honestly say you’re the best professor I’ve ever come across. Be it in-person lectures and/or virtual sources like this one. You sir are absolutely brilliant. You should seriously consider creating courses we can purchase focusing on the design and application of this material. It’s one thing to derive values on a piece of paper, and it’s another to have to design a microstrip line version of it in ADS and then configure your layout for the PCB and execute an EM sim on it. I learned this the hard way. Based on my interpretation of your incredible understanding of the theory; I’d imagine you’re very proficient in a few different industry standard tools that are available to students (e.g., Altium, OrCAD, ADS, etc….). I’d gladly pay to learn any of the above through applying these theories. Even now, with an intermediate ability to use ADS and Altium I think I’d benefit greatly from such a course. Five years in the industry I can confidently say employers care far less of an engineers theoretical comprehension than our ability to apply it. However, utilizing the tools unfortunately requires more than an understanding of the theory.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  Thanks for the compliments. I have no intention to charge anyone anything for what I have learned through my career. I was paid to do that for over 40 years. Now I do it because I like to and because I believe that no one should be denied education due to their financial constraints. I absolutely agree that employers care more about results than on most other factors. This is one reason why cheating during formal studies is self-defeating. In the long run, it doesn't matter if you passed the tests if you can't also perform the work.

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  @cougar186123 күн бұрын

  In the absence of conditions promoting rise-time effects, may we assume constant slew rate vs frequency?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  Yes. Slew rate effects will be more pronounced on higher frequency signals though (assuming same amplitude).

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  @cougar186121 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore Thanks

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  @leiferickson318323 күн бұрын

  Why does the output have a kink prior to the input changing at 9:13 (at the begiining of the rise time)? This was also visible on the 1kHz signal as well.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  Without diving into it, I suspect that is due to the finite time resolution of the sim. Note that we have zoomed into the plot. Time domain plots only compute a certain number of points. Having said that, you will sometimes see slew limiting that changes slope. This is due to the internal characteristics of the op amp.

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  @JohnJohnson-ml2ll24 күн бұрын

  So if the feedback network is connected to the inverting input, how come the gain is 3 and not 2? Being that inverting gain is -Rf/Ri.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  The feedback network is series-parallel which produces a gain of 1+ Rf/Ri. This is not an inverting amplifier. The input (such as it is) comes through the RC network into the non-inverting terminal.

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  @JohnJohnson-ml2ll21 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore Sorry about that.. I thought I deleted the comment. I answered my own question shortly after I posted it. But thank you!! I got the SP/PP and inverting/non-inverting concepts mixed up. All good now. :)

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  @@JohnJohnson-ml2ll Cool!

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  @mehdinikoozad706827 күн бұрын

  Explained Very Good 👍

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  @williamli442227 күн бұрын

  Would polarized capacitors not be suitable for this, since it would experience reverse polarity during the negative half of the sine wave?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore21 күн бұрын

  You could use them. The cap charges up to the peak value and then holds that potential. When you compare the discharge time constant to the input frequency, you see that the cap voltage is fairly constant. Essentially, it behaves like a battery, adding a DC offset.

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  @williamli442221 күн бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore I see, thankyou professor!

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  @rudygomez699628 күн бұрын

  I tried using gaussian elimination and expansion by minor but got nowhere near same numbers as you🥲 this is hard

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  @Manticore196028 күн бұрын

  The most straightforward & understandable explanation I've seen on KZread. 👍

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  @talatyavuz700029 күн бұрын

  Is R3 a must to deal with supply noise? I could not understand its function.

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore29 күн бұрын

  When you add the bypass cap on the divider, without R3 the Zin would be zero. Ideally, the junction of R1, R2 and the bypass cap would be at ground. Adding R3 prevents that from being the case for the input signal. R3 winds up setting Zin.

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  @talatyavuz700029 күн бұрын

  Oh I see, Thanks a lot.

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  @heinzergrinder1901Ай бұрын

  Thanks... What is a composite opamp ? ??

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  Not quite sure what you're asking. A composite could refer to an op amp made from discrete components (versus integrated).

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  @bq4069Ай бұрын

  Thank you for your work. Would you share the Name of simulator software you are using? Thank you again.

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  @canos01Ай бұрын

  TINA-TI from Texas Instruments. It's free.

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  @ayazdesouza9510Ай бұрын

  yanlış yaptın hocam

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  @dipakbhalodia7155Ай бұрын

  This software name

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  @JonDethАй бұрын

  I'm amazed by how much I have continued to learn since leaving school 12 years ago when I left after completing just one year. I can predict the definitions of termed conditions and operating characteristics whether I covered the subject in school and it's foggy, or I never happened to cross it's path formally. *You are the #1 professor in regard to who I can understand most immediately and clearly.*

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  Glad you're enjoying it!

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  @triuc4645Ай бұрын

  useful video, thanks sir

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  @siarezАй бұрын

  Thank you for the video. I have a question. Here both filters have a descending phase as frequency increases. That is one filter goes from 0 to -180 and one from 180 to 0. Is it possible to have an ascending phase all-pass filter? (e.g a filter that goes from -180 to 0)

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  If I understand you correctly, you're asking for the same sort of circuit but with a positive slope, right? I am not sure that you could make one as simple as this little first order circuit. I'd have to think about that for a bit. I can't recall seeing one.

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  @siarezАй бұрын

  @@ElectronicswithProfessorFiore Yes, exactly. I'm looking for such allpass filter because I want to cancel out the phase shift caused by a preceding highpass filter. If possible then we can get a hp filter with flat phase response. But maybe such allpass filter is impossible in principle?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  @@siarez It sounds like what you want is constant group delay or linear phase for your filter. In that case, I'd suggest looking at standard active filters using a Bessel alignment instead of the usual Butterworth (check the videos in the Op Amps playlist or chapter 11 of my free op amps text). A 2nd order Sallen & Key wouldn't be much more complicated than the circuit in the video above (as in another cap and maybe another resistor).

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  @EugenssonАй бұрын

  Finalyi understand how Baxandall works! Thanks!

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  @SuperMicroguyАй бұрын

  One of the BEST, CLEAREST EE lectures I've seen and heard in a long time. Thank you very much. You did an excellent job. I'll look at your books. Again, thank you. (KZ1G)

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  @ajingolk7716Ай бұрын

  So r3 and c1 determine the phase shift, for 120 deg at 100khz what would be the values? Thank you.

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  @JonDethАй бұрын

  I'll have to try this with my currently developing transistor fuzz-stortion. I've been avoiding clipping diodes as much as possible until I'm fully satisfied with what I'm getting from overdriving my transistors. I fully grasp that voltage gain is the most significant factor when we're trying to generate clipping by exceeding a devices forward voltage, but I've also noticed there's a richness and texture in the final product when there is a nice boost in current included. The simple way I did this in the past was running a ground resistor off the output, and forcing the op amp into Class-A or nearly by doing it, but I imagine there are advantages to adding this current gain stage on the feedback path. With the simple method, it's just a resistor and a bypass capacitor to shunt the noise the method also introduces. I'm just in the practice of establishing as many traits as I can for the project before introducing clipping diodes because 1, I still add other passive components to alter the available voltage that switches them on and 2, in doing so have found using a capacitor so I'm getting a specific corner frequency up/down clipped or bandpass allows for you to get those extra harmonics in the most desired bands and not so obviously reducing output to your load.

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  @JonDethАй бұрын

  This is one I remember fairly well even 13 years later lol. Lead/lag time, RMS vs Peak-to-Peak, graphing it, analyzing it etc. but still obviously need a refresher because here I am! *I wish I had been in a position to have been one of your students that 13 years ago.*

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  @JohnWikuАй бұрын

  Professor Fiore, you are everything that a great educator should be! Thank you for your amazing lessons, keep them coming please!

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  @Hellcommander245Ай бұрын

  When operating a summing amp on a single supply, is it permissible to use a single DC blocking capacitor, with all of the input resistors feeding into it, or should we use a separate blocking cap for each input?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  I assume you mean that all of the input resistors tie into a single node, and from that node to the inverting input we place the coupling cap, yes? If so, that does complicate the calculation for the lower cutoff frequency and it might be impossible to get exactly what you want (assuming you want different f1 and/or have different input resistors). OTOH, if the inputs are not ground referenced (i.e., have DC offsets), you'll want caps for each input to avoid those offsets from leaking back to the other input channels.

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  @MellexLabsАй бұрын

  I would be very interested in seeing different switching topologies like SPDT and SPTT... is that possible to demonstrate to us? Also... switching between high impedance and low impedance inputs, could that create non-linear behaviour within the switch at various voltages?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  Remember, these switches are activated by a control voltage rather than a mechanical linkage. Consequently, you can configure all manner of bizarre configurations. For example, you could have four of these "in parallel" engaging four inputs to four outputs. If you use a common control voltage, they'd all operate in tandem, like a 4PST switch. Of course, you could also invert the control voltage on, say, two of them, so that two inputs contact while the other two don't, and so on. And because it's a control voltage, they can be generated programmatically, e.g., hooking those logic pins back to something like a microcontroller.

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  @MellexLabsАй бұрын

  @ElectronicswithProfessorFiore I see so basically to make a single pole multi throw, I would make as many parallel circuits as I need and switch between them in a round robin manner always keeping only one circuit in a logic state high at a time...?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  @@MellexLabs You got it.

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  @MsFireboy2Ай бұрын

  Thanks for posting. One thought came to me if you were to put a potentiometer between both Emitters of the BJT’s you could balance out the current between the two 5k resistors. Your thoughts?

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  @ElectronicswithProfessorFioreАй бұрын

  On some amplifiers there are pins that allow you to connect a pot (and perhaps a resistor or two) which can be used to null out any DC offset. This is done by bridging the two sides of the diff amp, so you're right in the ballpark! Theoretically, this could be done in either the emitter or collector section (source/drain for FET). The whole idea is to steer a little bit of current from the side that has too much to the side that's lacking. The need for this has gone down considerably over the years as the DC precision of op amps has increased. Many modern op amps do not even have the option any more.