What Supernova Distance Would Trigger Mass Extinction?
Thank you to Brilliant for Supporting PBS. To learn more go to brilliant.org/SpaceTime/
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
/ pbsspacetime
The deaths of massive stars results in one of the most beautiful and violent events in the universe: the supernova. They are so luminous we can see them here on Earth and historical records show that we can even see them into the day. But supernovas release deadly and violent radiation that could destroy our atmosphere. So how far away do these supernova have to be for humanity to be safe? And when will the next supernova occur
Check out the Space Time Merch Store
www.pbsspacetime.com/shop
Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/space...
Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: search.pbsspacetime.com/
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2023 PBS. All rights reserved.
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / multidroideka
Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By:
Big Bang Supporters
Bryce Fort
Peter Barrett
David Neumann
Sean Maddox
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
Quasar Supporters
Vivaan Vaka
Glenn Sugden
Alex Kern
Ethan Cohen
Stephen Wilcox
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Hypernova Supporters
Stephen Spidle
Chris Webb
Ivari Tölp
Zachary Wilson
Kenneth See
Gregory Forfa
Kirk Honour
Joe Moreira
Bradley Voorhees
Marc Armstrong
Scott Gorlick
Paul Stehr-Green
Ben Delo
Scott Gray
Антон Кочков
Robert Ilardi
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Daniel Muzquiz
Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Jakub Jasinski
Piotr Sarnicki
Matthew Oldfield
Massimiliano Pala
Thomas Nielson
Joe Pavlovic
Ryan McGaughy
Chuck Lukaszewski
Edward Hodapp
Andrea Galvagni
Jerry Thomas
Nikhil Sharma
Ryan Moser
John Anderson
David Giltinan
Scott Hannum
Bradley Ulis
Craig Falls
Kane Holbrook
Ross Story
teng guo
Mason Dillon
Matt Langford
Harsh Khandhadia
Thomas Tarler
Susan Albee
Frank Walker
Matt Quinn
Michael Lev
Terje Vold
James Trimmier
Andre Stechert
Paul Wood
Kent Durham
Ramon Nogueira
Ellis Hall
John H. Austin, Jr.
Faraz Khan
Almog Cohen
Alex Edwards
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Jeremy Reed
David Johnston
Michael Barton
Andrew Mann
Isaac Suttell
Bleys Goodson
Robert Walter
Mark Delagasse
Mark Daniel Cohen
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
John Robinson
Jim Hudson
David Barnholdt
David Neal
John Funai
Bradley Jenkins
Vlad Shipulin
Cody Brumfield
Thomas Dougherty
King Zeckendorff
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Dean Faulk
Пікірлер: 1 700
Big thanks to the early gang! Because as noted a few episodes ago: Since our comment response livestream, we've noticed that YT isn't sharing our videos as much with our subscribers. So we're asking our subscribers to 1. switch their subscriptions from "PERSONAL" to "ALL" (just click on the subscribe button and you'll see it) and 2. Watch new episodes as soon as they can!
@DanFrederiksen
11 ай бұрын
congressman Tim Burchett said on fox 6 days ago that we are not alone, we will get answers at the hearings and we have been planning it for quite some time. Those are disclosure words. The clip is on his youtube channel. It's showtime in our local spacetime.
@TechyBen
11 ай бұрын
Is audio garbled on the upload? Seems a one off, all your other videos are perfect. :) (Ah, might be KZread still processing?)
@mattmaas5790
11 ай бұрын
@@DanFrederiksen not the best sources you have there but I too believe there might be something to the ufos!
@artificercreator
11 ай бұрын
You can do it man! Have a good day!
@houjous5131
11 ай бұрын
That's jedi hand wave makes me think spica's name isn't spica.
"Supernova Kill Zone" is a great album name.
@pufthemajicdragon
11 ай бұрын
Wake up the dawn and ask her 'why a dreamer dreams, she never dies?' Wipe that tear away now from your eye.
@Celeste__ch.
10 ай бұрын
.eman mubla taerg a si "enoz llik avonrepuS"
@jayg6138
10 ай бұрын
Alien Superstar is a Beyoncé song name lol
@coachhannah2403
10 ай бұрын
Or name for a band.
@blokin5039
10 ай бұрын
Albums don't exist anymore.
Neat how the Supernova in the intro animation seems to be stuck in a geostationary orbit in the middle of the sky while all the other stars keep scrolling in the background.
@fredburns6846
11 ай бұрын
neat?
@subliminalvibes
11 ай бұрын
Not to mention the SIZE of it! 👍😆 It may be as bright as the moon but it's never gonna grow as large in the sky!! 🤣🤣
@fredburns6846
11 ай бұрын
@@busimagen thought they were ded
@Ken.H
11 ай бұрын
I'm happy someone pointed this out.. I feel bad for how much that bugged me.
@PizzaPowerXYZ
11 ай бұрын
@@busimagen or drink water
Even though it’s incredibly unlikely, I can’t help but hope we get lucky and get to see Betelgeuse go supernova within our lifetimes. Would just be so cool
@larrywest42
11 ай бұрын
IIRC, we just have to say its name three times?
@longboardfella5306
11 ай бұрын
Would be HOT - just saying 😉
@sdwone
11 ай бұрын
It would be Absolutely Mind-blowing! And would probably disturb a lot of small minded individuals, which would be icing on that proverbial cake!
@brianhulben1695
11 ай бұрын
It already did what it does, he said it. It expelled a layer from itself.
@Ash-fd6lw
11 ай бұрын
Any aliens living on a planet near BeatleJuice probably don't share your sentiment.
"Betelgeuse should go supernova in about 10,000 to 100,000 years." First thought: Oh, that's not too long. Second thought: 10k years is about as long as recorded human history and 100k is about as long as the human species has existed. Third thought: Astronomical time scales are pretty big for our reckoning of time.
@richardwilcox3643
11 ай бұрын
No, he said between 10, and a hundred thousand years. It could happen in 2033 🤔
@shanthi-the-bard
11 ай бұрын
@@richardwilcox3643 Yeah, it seems so. When he said "between 10 and 100 thousand years," I interpreted that as the "thousand" modifying both words. But I think he'd have been more precise in his wording if that's what he meant.
@shanthi-the-bard
11 ай бұрын
@moi2833 You misunderstand me. I was admitting I was wrong and saying that if I had been right in my interpretation, he'd have been careful to say 10 thousand to one hundred thousand. In other words, IF that's what he'd meant, he'd have been precise in saying so. That's how I know that my initial interpretation wasn't correct. I wasn't criticizing his/their precision.
@DrWhom
11 ай бұрын
Pretty pretty pretty big
@sephirapple7317
11 ай бұрын
The video is incorrect in stating 10-100,000 years, even in writing it. This is probably an oversight, as I've looked into this and the consensus seems to be that 10 years is far too short a timescale for this star to go supernova! To the people saying that PBS Space-time would never make such a mistake and would have specified 10,000 if they so intended, I have seen a number of similar errors in previous PBS space-time videos. Whilst the channel is very informative and for the most part offers good information, there are some occasions when the data presented is NOT correct, and I can say this with certainty! Do your own research guys, consult multiple sources, and don't believe everything you see in one video!! Even reputable sources like this channel or even Wikipedia occasionally get things wrong. Additionally, consider that 10-100,000 is somewhat an ambiguous term: it could mean either 10 or 10,000 as the lower limit, I have seen ranges written like this before that can be interpreted either way! For example, 4-500 could mean 4 or 400 to 500! There is often no way to know how such a range should be interpreted! However, in this case, I can say that 10 years is far too short a timeframe for Betelgeuse to go supernova, 10,000 is generally the accepted lower limit for this estimate! Once again, do your own research people, don't just believe me, find out for yourself and you will see that 10 years is not the correct lower limit in this case!
Matt is BY FAR my most favorite speaker. I could listen to this man for hours and I would never get tired, he's the coolest
@abursh
11 ай бұрын
I found Matt's mum's KZread account 😊
@luiginotcool
11 ай бұрын
@@abursh go on give us a look
@middleline7249
11 ай бұрын
@@abursh Spill
@JohnnyNiteTrain
11 ай бұрын
Guess you haven’t heard Dr. David Kipping on Cool Worlds then.
@joeselles4043
11 ай бұрын
The spokesman for cool worlds is phenomenal if you’re looking for somebody good. Both are great.
TLDW? Summary: If you say Betelgeuse 3 times a massive star will explode in about 50,000 years.
@pbsspacetime
11 ай бұрын
What do we think will happen if everyone in the Space Time audience says Betelgeuse 3 times? Think we can knock that number down to our lifetime?
@OpenMicRejects
11 ай бұрын
@@pbsspacetime Love group projects! Let's try it. :)
@michaelsommers2356
11 ай бұрын
Also, if you don't say 'Betelgeuse' three times, or at all, the same star will go boom at the same time it would have if you do say it three times.
@ekothesilent9456
11 ай бұрын
@@michaelsommers2356proof that even stars are susceptible to reverse psychology
@SeeStuDo
11 ай бұрын
We come for your satellites, Chuck.
I always love seeing the creative ways Matt finishes off with "Space Time" every episode!
@williekopenski8471
11 ай бұрын
Me too!
@generalmartok3990
10 ай бұрын
He said the thing!
@Ignirium
10 ай бұрын
I really wish you said "finishes off every episode with "space time"" :)
It never ceases to boggle the mind that type 2 supernova are caused by the humble neutrino. A particle that interacts so weekly with regular matter.
@srinitaaigaura
10 ай бұрын
What's more astonishing is that the collapse turned 15-20% of the rest mass energy into pure explosion! Apparently 100% of the rest mass is converted at the moment the star collapses to the event horizon.
@douglaswilkinson5700
10 ай бұрын
Type II are *not* caused by neutrinos. They are caused by the star running out of fusible elements in its core. The rebound from the core collapse is not powerful enough to unbind the star. It's the enormous number of outbound neutrinos that finish blowing the star apart.
@Mostopinionatedmanofalltime
5 ай бұрын
Weakly.😊
@nuntana2
4 ай бұрын
Was always lead to believe it was chiefly the outer layers catching up with the core (on collapse) and rebounding of it that caused most of the drama. Neutrino activity is an added bonus.
@codycopeland7527
4 ай бұрын
@@nuntana2 you are correct! The majority of the energy for the explosion is caused by exactly that! However when the first simulations of supernova were ran, the matter failed to escape the stars immense gravity after rebounding off from the central iron core. Meaning a complete supernova did not occur. it wasn't until the neutrino was discovered and subsequently added to the simulation, that a complete supernova occurred. Essentially, the effects from neutrinos attempting to escape the stars gravity, added just enough energy to the system to allow the whole thing to go boom!
Could you do a video on everything about light, like how it carries momentum despite being massless, and how it has polarization
@pbsspacetime
11 ай бұрын
Oooh. That's a pretty good idea! Thanks!
@the_unrepentant_anarchist.
11 ай бұрын
PBS did all of them ages ago- try looking instead of expecting things to just be given to you. 🙄 🍄
@the_unrepentant_anarchist.
11 ай бұрын
@@WemplesTemple Because then they might actually *do* something, instead of just sitting there expecting to be spoon-fed. You have to be pretty stupid to expect a physics channel that's been going *for almost ten years* to have *not* covered the topics they mentioned, and if that's the case, then a gentle reminder to *not* be an imbecile might- *might-* do some good. 🍄
@shamargentle5801
11 ай бұрын
@the_unrepentant_anarchist. I get your point but like even the creator said it was a good idea like some people don't have the time or know where to start plus he does a good job of putting in terms many people can understand so they probably trust the channel
@anoyingnomad
11 ай бұрын
@@the_unrepentant_anarchist. And they just commented themselves that it's a great idea. So they probably did not. Also, something went wrong during parenting. Having an attitude like that towards random people sharing idea's, one of the core things within science.
I love when astronomy and paleontology connect
Can you explain how the Romulans were caught unaware by the supernova that destroyed Romulus?
@juliasophical
11 ай бұрын
That supernova was not a natural occurrence: the supernova and the unusual behavior of its shockwave (which travelled through subspace at superluminal speed) were caused by an Iconian-designed doomsday weapon. Don't ask me how I know this... 🤣 [Canonicity: This is from Star Trek Online.]
@pbsspacetime
11 ай бұрын
We were going to say "NO", but it looks like @juliasophical has successfully covered for our lack deep cut star trek knowledge!
@Jackiee_Chann
11 ай бұрын
@@pbsspacetime hey, can you help Me understand why the supernova was stationary in your video ? Do they stop moving once they explode ? Young curious but confused mind
@pierfrancescopeperoni
11 ай бұрын
@@Jackiee_ChannFair question from the beginning, it gets Aristotelic as you keep reading.
@DougieBarclay
11 ай бұрын
@Jackie Chan lol, it's just how the animated it. There was no hominid sitting under the tree for days on end watching a stationary supernova.
I recently found Spacetime and binge watched all the episodes over the last few months. Thanks for such an amazing show Spacetime team! I look forward to watching new episodes as they come out.
Matt and PBS! Is Life in inter Galactic space possible? The medium between galaxies is rarely discussed. Anywhere.
@pbsspacetime
11 ай бұрын
Oooh. That's also a pretty good topic. Thanks for the suggestions!
@mikeoxmall69420
11 ай бұрын
That would be the loneliest existence I can possibly imagine
@skierpage
11 ай бұрын
@@mikeoxmall69420why? If you're living on an Earth-like planet orbiting a Sun-like star, does it matter that there's no Milky Way in the sky? Maybe there's some physics that precludes a Sun-like star in the middle of nowhere; all I know about the subject is from Lee Marvin singing "I was Born under a Wand'rin' Star" in Paint your Wagon.
I loved the fact that Matt just knew everyone was thinking how far betelgeuse is and just answered it without a thought!
@jurajjamrich7905
9 ай бұрын
😊
I just watched a video by Dr. Becky in which she mentioned that a new scientific paper calculated the time for Betelgeuse to go Super Nova to be decades / up to a 100 years. The paper has not been peer reviewed yet, but if it is true it might happen in our lifetime!
@KE-yj4ip
11 ай бұрын
This. I was going to mention this if I didn't see it in the comments.
@skierpage
11 ай бұрын
It's "New study claims Betelgeuse supernova IMMINENT | Night Sky News June 2023" 🌠💥
@laszlozoltan5021
11 ай бұрын
@@skierpage I bet that brought a few more clicks than usual
@zakzwijn8410
10 ай бұрын
That would beyond awesome, I'd travel around the world to see that
@birdthompson
10 ай бұрын
@@zakzwijn8410 I think Orion would be visible many places
Your video is much easier to follow for a non native english speaker like me than your old ones were, i hope i can watch the other ones to the full again in the future because they are super interesting
Eta Carinae is also a good candidate for a naked-eye-visible supernova (though not as close as Betelgeuse.) It's a wacky weird star though (two, actually), so its behavior is more unpredictable.
@subliminalvibes
11 ай бұрын
Yeah they reckon that thing could go off anytime! Would be so amazing to see.
@Arsenico971
11 ай бұрын
That's 7500 ly away, I'm afraid what we would see from here would just be a new "regular" star in a formerly empty spot of the sky.
@EnglishMike
11 ай бұрын
@@Arsenico971 But it's still close enough for our big telescopes to get a good view of what's happening, so there would be a lot of very interesting discoveries made, no doubt.
@thomasrinschler6783
11 ай бұрын
@@Arsenico971 Eta Carinae is already visible with the naked eye though (although at 4th magnitude currently, it's nothing spectacular to look at with the naked eye), so it wouldn't be coming from an empty spot in the sky. When it goes supernova, it will definitely well surpass the brightness of Venus.
@giovannielixir
11 ай бұрын
@@Arsenico971there's also a chance that Eta Catarine may go hypernova witch would make for a significant bigger boom
I for one have no complaint's about living in a boring "Goldilocks zone" of the universe. Humanity has enough on it's plate to deal with already. Thanks for the video.
@DrWhom
11 ай бұрын
I for one have complaints about your spurious apostrophes
@sheldoniusRex
11 ай бұрын
@Deipatrous be thankful that you have so few real problems as to worry about other's punctuation.
Absolutely fantastic video, as always! Really great explanations and visuals here!
I was hoping for this video forever! Thanks for existing PBS SpaceTime❤
@thej3799
11 ай бұрын
I simply want to thanks PBS for doing with it too everything they said was true and the way they present the information treats us like we're not stupid you don't know how or maybe you but it's incredibly valuable that we're not treated like we're stupid
I have watched PBS Space Time for 6 years since now
@terryhollands2794
11 ай бұрын
Long time watcher also
Forever a show to interact with, I’d honestly buy these year by year box set videos. Or even maybe topics. Keep it coming.
Crazy to think ghostly neutrinos have enough interaction to explode a star o.o
@TheRABIDdude
11 ай бұрын
Yeah how does that work? Which of the four forces are they using to push the matter outwards?
@ArawnOfAnnwn
11 ай бұрын
They don't explode the star, they're just the most numerous stuff that gets exploded out when the star explodes.
@yourbuddyben4854
11 ай бұрын
@@ArawnOfAnnwn Had to rewatch but that is what he said. “This releases an explosion of neutrinos that are so numerous and energetic that they blast the surrounding layers back out. That’s the supernova.” 4:19 I get what the original comment is saying. The neutrinos are blasting the layers out making the explosion. If they didn’t then there is no explosion.
@volbla
11 ай бұрын
@@TheRABIDdude Iirc it's the weak force. It's what they called a "neutral current" in the early days of neutrino observation.
@volbla
11 ай бұрын
A channel called "But Why?" has made an excellent video about the details of core collapse supernovae called "When Stars Outshine Galaxies." It's a really strange and complicated event.
That first pre-pre-pre-pre-stargazer was clearly a member of the Astronomopithicus genus
@Hares_Pit
11 ай бұрын
Imagine how brave (or foolish) that organism had to be to leave cover at night, exposing itself to nocturnal predators.
@wdd3141
11 ай бұрын
Astronomopithicus? One who throws stones at the sky?
Spacetime is the best youtube channel. Hopefully they can diversify their revenue streams enough so that they can keep making content and weather the youtube storms.
Matt is out of Gabes shadow. He's casting it on the other PBS presenters (maybe not that dinosaur bloke). Best compliment I can give. High praise indeed.
I was just learning about different types of supernovae. Then this video answered the heaviest question. Thanks for the info!
Hi Matt! This channel is a supernova of knowledge.
Matt, Shock Front is officially the name of your new metal band.
I love this channel - keep up the good work brother!
Incredibly badass video answer to a question Ive had for years. THANKS
Can you do a series on chaos/complexity theory and how it relates to physics?
Great shirt! And awesome production as always. I was looking at Spica other night, powerful star 1000x times more luminous than our sun if I remember correctly. Antares and Arcturus are awesome stars. Antares appeared deep orange, and Arcturus slightly brighter reddish orange was shining brilliantly just observing such powerful energetic suns at those distances keeps me awakened. Vega is a bright one much closer blue star and with totally different physical properties. 👍
@xephramwatches7259
11 ай бұрын
Where do we get the shirt?
Videos like this are my favorites of the ones you make.
I’ve always thought about this and have even had a reoccurring nightmare where the sky looked like a supernova and everything felt soooooo heavy and it was the most intense fear, so much so I couldn’t move, like forced falling, -10gs in your gut and chest. The dream always started and ended the same. And I think it has to do with something I saw when I was younger…
I've had the great privilege of living through several rare celestial events, like the 2000 conjunction and Hale-Bop, but if I get to see Betelgeuse go supernova, it'll be the crown jewel of a life well lived observing astronomy.
Super Novae take place in a very short amount of time. How come the aftermath of the event can be seen over weeks? What is the reason for the slow decline of the brightness curve?
@Roaring2Thunder
11 ай бұрын
Distance
@juliasophical
11 ай бұрын
The light you see following a supernova is from the expanding gasses, still heated to such high temperatures that they're glowing white hot in visible light. It takes weeks or even a couple months for this cloud of gas to expand and cool to the point that it's no longer emitting visible light.
@luudest
11 ай бұрын
@@juliasophical thank you!
Perfect ! This timeline gives us a little leeway to focus on solving the very insignificant problems that our planet is currently experiencing. 😬
@michaelsommers2356
11 ай бұрын
Great! We'll solve our problems just in time to be exterinated by a supernova. Or a Vogon Constructor fleet.
Thanks so much for the reliable and sensible information. We are lucky to have a stable planet, let's respect it.
Thank you, honestly you should be Australian of the year mate. I greatly appreciate and anticipate this video. Let's go! ❤
@scottslotterbeck3796
11 ай бұрын
Mass extinction sounds serious!!!
@jestermoon
11 ай бұрын
Yes! Or PM
@genoproducto
11 ай бұрын
@@scottslotterbeck3796 it'll be okay man. Just live each day as best as you can.
@genoproducto
11 ай бұрын
@@jestermoon I wouldn't get education involved in Politics ahaha.
I HIGHLY recommend reading the Cixin Liu novel “The Supernova Era”, which details how humanity reacts to the devastating impact of a nearby supernova.
Amazing vid as always. One of my favourites channels on YT
You Anton Petrov, and Sabine Hoffenfelder are the best! Watched your interview on Startalk, awesome man!
Perfect timing, I just finished rewatching the GRB video for extra existential horror :')
I always wonder how many humans through time have realized that the stars where just like our sun, just farther away.
@delphicdescant
10 ай бұрын
I wonder what fractions of humans living *today* realize that.
@larryc835
10 ай бұрын
The Backbone of Night.🌌
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
If you can honestly attest that the first half of this video does not send your "Death by Supernova Anxiety Meter" through the roof, then that makes you my new hero... Good golly, I was seriously debating going to locate a lead umbrella for myself... Thank you to the wonderful narrator for bringing us back down to normal before you finished explaining the concept therein.
This is swaggiest swag ive ever seen
@kimjongun8906
11 ай бұрын
Amen
@Pickelhaube808
11 ай бұрын
so swag
@thecrakp0t
11 ай бұрын
Yeet
@clarambrosia9834
11 ай бұрын
rt
@thebinkbink6349
11 ай бұрын
Great shirt!
Great vid, as always. I'd really like to see a supernova (from a safe distance!). One comment on the bit of CGI right at the start -- it's showing what I assume is supposed to be the supernova, but the bright light is static in the sky and not moving with the background stars.
Interesting edition of PBS Space Time for sure.
According to the latest Transformers movie, where smashing the MacGuffin Crystal would release the power of a super nova, you're good as long as the super nova is outside of any nearby city.
It’s probably a good idea to build colonies deep in the sea or some way underground just in case.
@JCO2002
11 ай бұрын
I study caves here in Jamaica. Might filter the database with a few parameters (distance below surface, hydrology, accessibility) to find a good hidey-hole.
@jimmyjasi-
11 ай бұрын
Great something tied to Life on Earth at last! And it further disproves Anti-Darwin Creationism that dominates US.
@TechyBen
11 ай бұрын
Also, a lot of salt mines. If someone notices a lot of neutrinos suddenly, look up your countries local salt mine. ;)
@jimmyjasi-
11 ай бұрын
@@TechyBen And plenty opportunities for engennering new race of humans deep sea fish like
@infinitemonkey917
11 ай бұрын
A deep sea colony would be extremely dangerous with the pressure and such.
I absolutely love the Missile Command-style visualization for cosmic rays.
I like the "game over" shirt with the extinction video!
On the upside, my brain would get a lovely tan... straight through my skull, even!
In the intro animation it should be noted that a supernovae doesn't appear as LARGE as the moon. It remains a point-source of light no matter the brightness; and as pointed out by someone else, it wouldn't appear stationary in the sky either. 👍😎🇦🇺
Fantastic episode as always
I’ve watched every single upload on this channel for the last 3-4 years multiple times
Good work! This is super interesting! So, neutrinos can actually interact with matter under certain conditions?
@bengoodwin2141
11 ай бұрын
Not so much certain conditions, just an incredibly small chance
@sciencoking
11 ай бұрын
The supernova just produces _that_ many neutrinos
@DrZedDrZedDrZed
11 ай бұрын
In the death throes of a dying star on its way to becoming a neutron star or black hole, they're produced in such insanely prodigious quantities that the rare probability of interaction with all the light elements in the outer shell becomes an inevitability. It's actually kind of wild. There are several waves of neutrino interaction in the forms of "swells" that create a physical pressure that expands the core's material before gravity pulls it back in again and restarts the cycle. It's actually so spectacularly balanced, I actually kind of think of it as one of these more overlooked "fine tuning" arrangements. These erstwhile almost useless, very confusing particles have one of the most important roles to play in not just stellar evolution, but cosmological evolution. Think about it. If neutrinos were perfectly neutral, there would not BE all the rich heavy elemental star stuff around to build US.
@artificercreator
11 ай бұрын
@@bengoodwin2141 Oh interesting!
@artificercreator
11 ай бұрын
@@sciencoking Oh nice!
im surprised they made that weird choice of having the supernova stationary. i guess maybe they didnt create this animation and decided the inacuracy was worth it.
"thank you for uploading these videos. Even if I'm having a hard night, I just put a relaxing astronomy video on and listen. It always makes my nights go much easier. Thank you!!!"
coming from a neuroscience undergrad, I see supernovae as action potentials in the neural net of the cosmic web. they're catalysts for information aggregation and dispersal, on scales of time and space that we can never truly comprehend
I recall that Kurzgesagt made a video about this exact topic this year, and then it got me thinking how cool a mash up episode would be ❤
@stalexann
11 ай бұрын
They both have silly accents and are pretty similar. Matt just uses less r’s and is more condescending.
@MC-wh3xm
10 ай бұрын
@@stalexannSpacetime is wayyy less preachy though
I love these videos, but I have to say, there is something weird with sound/voice compression on youtube. I started noticing, a few weeks ago, some distortions in the voice, and weird stereo panning (checked it on audacity sound editor, and both android/windows devices). If you use headphones it gets worst. It is happening in lots of videos, not only here.
@TheBloodyriot
11 ай бұрын
Yeah, I was noticing that too.
@djmips
11 ай бұрын
Perhaps you've been watching a lot of videos right after they were uploaded? They are lower quality initially and then get better over time.
@Oosystem
11 ай бұрын
@@djmips Sometimes that's the cause. But in this case it is something related to how they record the voice. When he talks about brilliant, (at the start and at the end of the video), the voice is nice without distortions.
@TonyWhite22351
10 ай бұрын
Added to which this guy punctuates virtually every word with an exaggerated wave of his hands which makes watching him talk difficult !
Really loved this video! Pls do more like these!
Very informative, thank you for the video!
Keep in mind that a portion of the Earth will generally be completely shadowed from a supernova, depending on its location in the sky. In the extreme, a supernova in the direction of Polaris would not be visible in the southern hemisphere at all, despite Earth's rotation.
@nomansbrand4417
11 ай бұрын
Good catch. And if anyone's wondering: earth axis of rotation is not at all aligned to the rotational axis of our Galaxy, and also our Galaxy easily messages a few kill zones in thickness. A half fried earth could actually happen :) not sure though, if the atmospheric ozon will stay bound to one hemisphere, when the other hemisphere is depleted for 100s to 1000s of years
@thej3799
11 ай бұрын
Have you ever seen the movie The Knowing
@wolfgangsimons9183
11 ай бұрын
That´s only correct for a short gamma - or X- ray burst, but any particle rain lasts longer than one day. Btw, how possible is it to be hit rightway polar? Don´t hold your breath ..... I´d really like to watch Betelgeuse go supernova, but who knows when?
@Szgerle
11 ай бұрын
You know that the air and ocean boiling away on one side of the planet would be global extinction anyway, right?
@DrakeAurum
11 ай бұрын
Depleting all the ozone on one side of the planet is still getting into the danger zone, And since air circulates, the depletion will be ongoing if the effect of the supernova persists for longer than a few days.
I know it's unlikely but still pretty scary that we could be wiped out by a GRB from thousands of lightyears away at any point.
@stalexann
11 ай бұрын
If it makes you feel any better, the building you’re in could completely collapse at any point due to a structural flaw, and the surrounding area would be sad for an afternoon before continuing business as usual the next morning.
@deltalima6703
10 ай бұрын
Asteroid could take a building out pretty quick. Earthquake is a bit slower if you are not in a rush.
You are so greatS i am going to auggest this channel to all my friends who has sleep apnea.
I like the refresher text..very helpful
Bro, you gotta be careful saying Betelgeuse repeatedly in a short period of time. Lori Lightfoot may show up suddenly.
The religious say the universe was "designed for life". Really? Looks like life is a bug in our universe and NOT a feature.
@DrWhom
11 ай бұрын
Well the universe is compatible with life, just about
@MacedonianHero
11 ай бұрын
@@DrWhom Except for literally 99.9999999999999999% of it. Of which environments will KILL all life. Nice try religitard.
@waynesmallwood6027
6 күн бұрын
Makes more sense if you study Probability.
@MacedonianHero
5 күн бұрын
@@waynesmallwood6027 Here is some Probability (from a guy with a Masters degree in Engineering and a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt: over 99.9999999% of the solar system is in hospitable to life. ;)
@nils-erikolsson3539
5 күн бұрын
You sure? Given how hostile it is and life still start? Id say it was made for life or life thrives in this hostile universe. Almost like its gonna startin every universeover and over cause its in the fabric,in the genes,in the math.It cant cant happen.It _must_ happen. Its harder to defeat than HIV.
44 minutes after posting and there’s already a million comments? I feel like I’m insignificant among the stars.
Commenting to help the algorithm. Love these videos and glad pbs is still putting out these
Why’s the supernova stationary in the sky? 🤔
@gleradon
11 ай бұрын
I am not native English speaker so I had to rewind first few seconds of video if what I was seeing and hearing was consistent. Major oversight.
@GGoAwayy
11 ай бұрын
Whys the ancient hominid stationary under the tree? 🤔
@brandonlittle6444
11 ай бұрын
Noticed that too. ..
@white-bunny
11 ай бұрын
Maybe it's in similar position of the north star?
@chekote
11 ай бұрын
@@white-bunny that would make sense if the other stars rotated around it. But they’re all flying past it.
Holy cow. This has been scary to me since we dodged a bullet this year.
@Trias805
11 ай бұрын
What bullet?
I love getting the Discord notification (maybe now that I've finished my PhD there'll be room in my brain to memorize the day on which videos come out). Anyway, awesome video. My suggestions have been fulfilled (I used to ask for QCD, so I got 3 videos!). What about something on particle generations, now? By the way, Matt, @11:13, did you say "presumadly"? 😂 That was hilarious. I'm gonna let the "we also see them freque...n̶t̶̶l̶̶y̶...cy" slide, though.
Another great episode... thanks!
*Amazing❤️🙌Being able to provide all my needs without the help of the Government is really a dream come through and I’m getting $43,050 returns from my $7k investment, glory to the everlasting God almighty.*
@marchuthart3261
11 ай бұрын
@Christine Carola West After I got up to $300k trading with Mrs Mary margaret Schimweg i bought a new House and I'm now able to send my kids to a better school in the states thanks to her. When someone is straight forward with what he or she is doing people will always speak up for them.
@huyhritter1724
11 ай бұрын
I've accumulated generational wealth in two years trading with Mary Margeret schimweg's services. Her firm and brokerage is the best I have encountered in my life history of investing in stock and crypto market and other digital assets like real estate..
@marchuthart3261
11 ай бұрын
Write her, she will guide you.
@marchuthart3261
11 ай бұрын
+1947
@marchuthart3261
11 ай бұрын
214
Just started the video. This is a major plot point in a novel I released in 2018. I really hope the answer is the same one in my book lol 😅
@jestermoon
11 ай бұрын
42
@debrachambers1304
11 ай бұрын
Well, was it?
@TactileTherapy
11 ай бұрын
@@debrachambers1304 Matt said 150 Ly for reg super and several thousand for hypernova. So yes i got it right 😅🙌🏾
Great vid as always. Cheers! :-)
LOLing at the bright star staying still in the sky as time-lapse shows the other stars scrolling by ;) 00:30ish
It’s pronounced: “Betelgeuse”.
@timmcdaniel6193
11 ай бұрын
Betelgeuse? Betelgeuse? AAAAHHHHHH!
Why isn't the supernova rotating with the night sky? :/
@battshytkrazy156
11 ай бұрын
IDIOCY
@TheEvilmooseofdoom
11 ай бұрын
sloppy animation.
@yourguard4
11 ай бұрын
I tend to "illustration purposes", to show, how it would look like during night and during day. Because, both scenarios are possible.
That is the best ever intro on this channel
would be amazing if we saw it go off in our lifetime :) anyways love the channel thanks.
Perhaps a better question is " Were supernovas responsible for some of the trigger points in evolution" ?
@GodIsADelusion
11 ай бұрын
I mean, that's a completely different question. It's not "better."
@TheEvilmooseofdoom
11 ай бұрын
Trigger points?
@EnglishMike
11 ай бұрын
I would hazard that without supernovae close enough to impact Earth, we wouldn't be around today. It wouldn't have taken much of a change in events for evolution to have turned right instead of left (so to speak) and end up going in a completely different direction. A supernova at the right time could have been enough.
Strictly speaking, the literal translation of "yad al-jawza" is "hand of the one in the middle", or "hand of the central one", but in context that "central one" does indeed refer to "the giant", i.e. Orion.
@MarvinHartmann452
11 ай бұрын
Thanks for the insight.
Absolutely wonderful, thanks!
This channel makes some badass videos for real
it would be nice seeing a supernova in the sky like the one mentioned as the first one in the story
Thank you for this work!
Excellent video as always
Betelgeuse is currently playing a grand, cosmic variation of "Pop Goes the Weasel," only every note takes a thousand years.
I jumped the gun with the "spacetime" outro this time, you got me 😆
I remember explaining to a fellow student at university who was suggesting it would be an amazing spectacle to witness that the destruction would arrive at the same time as the pretty flashy lights.
@zeross39
11 ай бұрын
well it would arrive before it tho
Can you guys make an episode similar to rhe spinning black holes episode where you discuss all the processes a black hole goes under? Ex: the blandford znajek process and the Penrose process
Said frequency instead of frequently and it made me laugh. I dunno why. Great vid as always! 12:36
Love all your videos!