Article: sprintingworkouts.com/blogs/training/force-production-in-sprinting-vertical-horizontal References Morin JB, Bourdin M, Edouard P, Peyrot N, Samozino P, Lacour JR. Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Nov;112(11):3921-30. doi: 10.1007/s00421-012-2379-8. Epub 2012 Mar 16. PMID: 22422028. Morin JB, Edouard P, Samozino P. Technical ability of force application as a determinant factor of sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Sep;43(9):1680-8. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318216ea37. PMID: 21364480. Rabita G, Dorel S, Slawinski J, Sàez-de-Villarreal E, Couturier A, Samozino P, Morin JB. Sprint mechanics in world-class athletes: a new insight into the limits of human locomotion. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Oct;25(5):583-94. doi: 10.1111/sms.12389. Epub 2015 Jan 31. PMID: 25640466. Weyand, P. G., Sternlight, D. B., Bellizzi, M. J., & Wright, S. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(5), 1991-1999. doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1991 Nagahara R, Zushi K. Development of maximal speed sprinting performance with changes in vertical, leg and joint stiffness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Dec;57(12):1572-1578. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06622-6. Epub 2016 Jul 13. PMID: 27406013. Nagahara R, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Ground reaction force across the transition during sprint acceleration. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 Mar;30(3):450-461. doi: 10.1111/sms.13596. Epub 2019 Nov 25. PMID: 31705835.

@miroslavzhizhovski

11 ай бұрын

Yeah, the fastest sprinters can apply the largest vertical and horizontal forces in the proper direction in less time, and the goal of horizontal force is clear (for every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction):the more horizontal force you apply, the faster you sprint, and one goal of vertical force is that you explained in the video, but there is also another. And it's this:imagine that relative to an straight horizontal line (it's 0°,and vertical line is 90°), your horizontal force is created by applying more force in that 45° angle, and since it's doing an move at that angle, for every 1 meter movement in that direction, there's 0.5 m both vertical and horizontal movement, which means that you need 2 times less force to accelerate and hit a speed the same as vertical speed if the application of force was 90° (just vertically), which means that if the pressure between your foot and ground is less (created by applying more vertical force in that very very early part of the ground contact (maybe first 2 hundreds of second), then your „weight” to the ground (the pressure) is less, and if it's 2 times less (by creating 2 times more vertical force in that early part), then you would need not 2 times less force to accelerate at the same rate in that direction of 45° as in vertical by applying not 2 times less, but 1 unit of force, but 4 times less force to do that (here was an example of 45°, but you can even make it as close as 20° angle). So making your foot-ground pressure less, you make your horizontal force production more efficient and by applying 2 times more vertical force in that early part, your horizontal force units (Newtons) are 2 times more efficient and move you 2 times faster in that direction (and we should also add air resistance, but if the direction of air moving and your moving is same, and his and your top speed are equal, then you would not have air resistance, and that ibly matters, which can be done, but here is also air resistance, and if it is 100 Newtons (caused by high body horizontal acceleration) and your force direction angel is 45°, you should „fight” against 50 Newtons of these, but less angle relative to horizontal line makes you evn

@miroslavzhizhovski

11 ай бұрын

Also, reducing your foot-ground push force reduces your braking forces, and even then you need of less horizontal force to run at the same speed (in two ways:by creating less drag, and by the explanation of the first comment).

@jeffmax2941

7 ай бұрын

Here's question how how ur knowledge is good but how

@jeffmax2941

7 ай бұрын

What do u try to do

I am 77 years old and can still run 100 meters in 19.5 seconds, even though I couldn't break 12 seconds in high school back in the early 1960s (actually 11 seconds for 100 yards). At that time, I was a distance runner. My running style was like someone throwing a shot put. I now focus on wind sprints, not mileage. I think of sprinting as trying to fling my body forward. I think of it more like throwing a baseball, which uses a snap of the wrist to get extra velocity. However, the baseball is the ground and my fingers are the ball of my foot. It is as though I want to fling the ground from my toes. However, the ground stays fixed so my body gets flung. By flinging, I am consciously trying to put horizontal, forward force into my step primarily using my buttocks. Each foot needs to be moving backwards to my body with zero ground speed at the instant it contacts the ground. The tendons in my foot will get stretched like a rubber band when I land. I then consciously try to fling my body with the balls of my foot using my ankles at the end of the stroke, just like a pitcher snapping a ball with his wrist and fingers as he releases it. When I ran distance in my youth, my feet were turned outward life a duck waddling. For me, it takes mental effort to orient my feet straight and use my ankles for flinging. Just some perspectives from an old man.

It is true I have experienced it. If I run 10m/30m fly without any horizontal force during acceleration I ALWAYS run slow, BUT when I have a horizontal force during acceleration and transfer it properly to Vertical during Max velocity, I have faster times. Horizontal force is what ables us to have an efficient max velocity phase. I love your channel Cody!!

I have been researching the role of vertical force for a few days now, and this is the explanation that makes the most sense both intuitively and in regards to the laws of physics. Thank you!

Congrats on 50k Cody! Using your advice/insights all summer 🙏🏻

@ATHLETE.X

Жыл бұрын

Appreciate that bro! After some time to recover from season, it’s back to work 😤😤

Goldmine of information, thank you. Wish I lived in Arizona man, perfect place for sprinting year round!

@ATHLETE.X

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for watching! Yeah I’m really grateful to have year round training. Gets a bit toasty in June/July but it’s better than -20 in the winter like some places have!

excellent definitions and explanations

Cody knows his stuff! One of the guys who understands this simple fact and explains it very good. I'm really happy he made this content. The Weyland study is wrong! No it's misinterpreted! Or maybe Weylands group just did fake info for a reason. But soo much coaches/athletes fall into this trap because they beliefe in a study before using their brains. Horizontal impulse (impulse =force x time) is EVERYTHING that matters. It's actually SO simple. If you want to move an object in a certain direction you must apply force in that direction! More force for longer time result in more acceleration and more velocity. We want to run/move in a horizontal direction. So it's horizontal impulse. Vertical motion is very minimal (less than 2"). Vertical impulse is needed to reposition our legs in the air so we don't create a braking force with the following step. But technically you don't need any vertical force if you can maintain horizontal force! If you can reposition your limbs like the road runner at 10+Hz you don't need much vertical force any more. And vertical force is NOT the limiting factor. Anyone can do stiff jumps in place and produces more vertical force than elite sprinters! Vertical force is important for jumping, especially high jumping!

@PREZIDENTIAL

Жыл бұрын

So what exercise would be best to train horizontal force?

@Leonidas-eu9bb

Жыл бұрын

@@PREZIDENTIAL I guess you mean exercises apart from sprinting. I can't explain it here. But basically i would recommend nothing bilateral. Instead exercises with a strong focus on the core and the contralateral sling. (Exercises where one side hits the extensor cahin and the other the flexors simultaneously). Also exercises with strong emphasis on rate of force relaxation. I think rate of force development is clear and it's very important. But rate of force relaxation is how quickly you can decrease muscle tension (force). And it is probably the most important skill for top speed sprinting.

Great content per usual! Thanks for all the free info!!!

@ATHLETE.X

Жыл бұрын

Thank you man!

Nice video! A comment: What matters are force impulses, not just force values (in Newtons). The reason this is important is that different phases of the gait cycle and ground contact have different durations. For instance, the braking phase of ground contact (where the foot is ahead of the CoM) is shorter in time than the propulsive phase. Thus, as a very simple example, if the braking force is equal in magnitude to the propulsive force, then the runner will still be able to accelerate, because the propulsive impulse will be greater than the braking impulse. (As a refresher, the impulse is the time integral of the instantaneous force.)

How does this change our approach to training/ technique?

Well said. The direction of the force is key I think. Is there a breaking force? Is there sideway force? Or are the combined horisontel and vertical forces taking you only forward. Where does the weight lie on the foot. It should be centered

Thanks for your content! For you, what is the most effective way to maintain your speed levels, and even to develop them in the event of a return from an injury where you cannot yet sprint?

Awesome video, Codes mate. Btw which are your favourite spikes right now? The Puma Evospeed, Nike Maxfly or the Adidas Prime SP2?

Can you show where it says you only produce 240 newtons of force at top speed because most sources I’ve seen say you overcome forces of 4-5 times your body weight. I know that’s diffeeemt things but can you link the study

Which technical cue makes us apply horizontal force?

I think ratio of your lower to upper leg length influences how effectively you can sprint as well as which leg muscles are used most during sprinting. Try walking fast up a steep 45 degree incline using you lower leg muscles then try walking with a wider stance but using your upper leg muscle.

Been trying to tell people this. You need vertical force to stay up right but ultimately if you want to go forward you need to apply horizontal force

what surprises me about these videos is how do you manage to access a full size track that's completely empty. I'd love a track to myself!

Hey Cody, you look good competing in your 30's. Are you working on to go to the olympics for sprinting??

The faster your body is moving forward relative to the ground, the greater the horizontal component of a force that the runner perceives as vertical. Not clear what this perception factor plays in these analyses

Coach, I feel like you’re a little anti FTC. And I really like that. I respect the amount of content Tony puts out, but I do feel like he’s a bit misguided. Love the videos Cody, you’re the KZread track and field goat 🐐.

So getting leaner(lower bodyfat percentage and weight) and stronger (more strenght) should in theory make us faster.

@ATHLETE.X

5 ай бұрын

It should help, yeah

@user-vk5ws3jl1l

5 ай бұрын

@@ATHLETE.X given the form and technic remain correct. But extra power and strenght doesnt always necessarily evolve to speed. So it maybe it need some effort.

👌🏾👌🏾

4:21 this isn't a good application of physics. This would be good if say you were braking with your hands and propusling with your feet at the exact same time, but in the context of running, what we really care about is a change in momentum. This relates better to impulse, which is area under a force time graph.

you are one step ahead of the accepted science BUT you are still missing what the actual limiting factor is to running faster. only I know the reason and I ain't telling.