WHAT IS SURFACE TENSION ❓❓ CLASS 11 PHYSICS
⏩Surface tension is the tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Have you noticed when you fill a glass up to the brim with water, you can still add a few more drops till it spills out? Or have you ever broken a thermometer and observed how the fallen mercury behaves? All these happen due to the surface tension of the surface.
⏩ What is Surface Tension?
According to the definition of surface tension, it is the phenomenon that occurs when the surface of a liquid is in contact with another phase (it can be a liquid as well). Liquids tend to acquire the least surface area possible. The surface of the liquid behaves like an elastic sheet.
“Surface tension is the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimise surface area”.
⏩ Surface tension not only depends upon the forces of attraction between the particles within the given liquid but also on the forces of attraction of solid, liquid or gas in contact with it. The energy responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension may be thought of as approximately equivalent to the work or energy required to remove the surface layer of molecules in a unit area.
Surface tension is typically measured in dynes/cm, the force in dynes is required to break a film of length 1 cm.
⏩ Surface tension definition lets us know that the surface tension mainly depends upon the forces of attraction between the particles within the given liquid and also upon the gas, solid, or liquid in contact with it.
⏩ What Causes Surface Tension?
Intermolecular forces such as Van der Waals force, draw the liquid particles together. Along the surface, the particles are pulled toward the rest of the liquid.
The ratio of the surface force F to the length L along which the force acts.
Mathematically, surface tension can be expressed as follows:
T=F/L
Where,
F is the force per unit length
L is the length in which force act
T is the surface tension of the liquid
⏩ What is the Unit of Surface Tension?
SI Unit
N/m
CGS Unit
dyne/cm
⏩ Dimension of Surface Tension
dimensional formula of surface tension is MT-2.
⏩ Examples of Surface Tension
Water striders, which are small insects, can walk on water as their weight is considerably less to penetrate the water surface. Like this, there are various examples of surface tension which are found in nature. Some cases are provided below:
🔵 Insects walking on water
🔵 Floating a needle on the surface of the water.
🔵 Rainproof tent materials where the surface tension of water will bridge the pores in the tent material
🔵 Clinical test for jaundice
🔵 Surface tension disinfectants (disinfectants are solutions of low surface tension).
🔵 Cleaning of clothes by soaps and detergents which lowers the surface tension of the water
🔵 Washing with cold water
🔵 Round bubbles where the surface tension of water provides the wall tension for the formation of water bubbles.
🔵 This phenomenon is also responsible for the shape of liquid droplets.
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