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Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension allows insects (e.g. water striders), usually denser than water, to float and slide on a water surface.
At liquid-air interfaces, surface tension results from the greater attraction of liquid molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion).
There are two primary mechanisms in play. One is an inward force on the surface molecules causing the liquid to contract.[1][2] Second is a tangential force parallel to the surface of the liquid.[2] The net effect is the liquid behaves as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane.
Because of the relatively high attraction of water molecules to each other through a web of hydrogen bonds, water has a higher surface tension (72.8 millinewtons (mN) per meter at 20 °C) than most other liquids. Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity.
Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy, which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to solids.
In materials science, surface tension is used for either surface stress or surface energy
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What is surface tension in Ncert?
Surface tension is defined as force per unit length acting perpendicular to the tangential line on the surface. It is due to imbalanced attractive forces acting downwards and tends to reduce the surface area of a liquid to minimum
What is the tension of the surface?
The work which is required to increase the size of the surface of a phase is referred to as the surface tension. As a measure of work per unit area or force per wetted length, surface tension has the unit mN/m and is designated by the symbol σ (lower case sigma).
Why surface tension?
The surface tension of a liquid results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive forces between molecules: A molecule in the bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions. A molecule at the surface of a liquid experiences only net inward cohesive forces.
What is called surface tension?
Surface tension - Wikipedia
One is an inward force on the surface molecules causing the liquid to contract. Second is a tangential force parallel to the surface of the liquid. This tangential force is generally referred to as the surface tension.
What is surface tension toppr?
Surface tension is the attractive force found in liquids which is responsible for pulling surface molecules in the rest of the liquid. Further, it minimizes the surface area. The attractive forces we are talking about here are because of electrostatic forces.
How to define surface tension?
What is Surface Tension - Definition, SI Unit, Formula ...
“Surface tension is the tension of the surface film .
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