In this Quick overview of Pharmacokinetics, we will explore what is Pharmacokinetics and what is the ADME process. We will also studies some factors that affects the ADME process.
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving") is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotic such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. It attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.
A number of phases occur once the drug enters into contact with the organism, these are described using the acronym ADME (or LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption):
Liberation: The process of the active ingredient separating from its pharmaceutical formulation.
Absorption: The process of a drug entering into systemic circulation from the site of administration.
Distribution: The dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.
Metabolism (or biotransformation, or inactivation): The chemical reactions of the drug and irreversible breakdown into metabolites (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes)
Excretion: The removal of the substance or metabolites from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue
Chapters:
00:00 - What is Pharmacokinetics?
(Introduction to pharmacokinetics)
00:23 - Drug Absorption
00:32 - Factors affecting drug absorption
(Physicochemical properties of drugs, Formulation of drug, route of administration)
01:48 - Drug Distribution
01:55 - Factors affecting distribution
(Drug perfusion rate, drug-tissue binding, membrane permeability)
02:44 - Drug Metabolism
03:02 - Mechanism of Drug Metabolism
(Phase 1 reaction and phase 2 reaction)
03:37 - Factors affecting drug metabolism
03:44 - Drug Excretion
04:01 - Mechanism of drug excretion
04:18 - Factors affecting drug excretion
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