What is Cancer?

In this video Paul Andersen answers the very simple question: What is cancer? He explains how damage to the DNA can create uncontrolled cell growth. He explains how malignant tumors can spread the disease throughout the body and gives possible treatments.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
www.bozemanscience.com/transla...
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/trac...
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Asd.and.Rizzo. English: Cancer Cells Photographed by Camera Attached to Microscope in Time-Lapse Manner., July 23, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
BruceBlaus. English: Epidermis. See a Full Animation of This Medical Topic., January 29, 2014. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
"File:Thorax Pa Peripheres Bronchialcarcinom Li OF Markiert.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 23, 2014. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tho....
Häggström, Mikael. English: Image for Use in the Human Body Diagrams Project. To Discuss Image, Please See Talk:Human Body Diagrams, May 25, 2011. All used images are in public domain. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Meyer, D. Glivec (Gleevec) Film Tablet Made by Novartis., July 2, 2006. Photo made by myself. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Sponk, Difference_DNA_RNA-EN svg: *Difference_DNA_RNA-DE svg: English: DNA in Eukaryote Cell, August 5, 2012. This file was derived from: Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg Chromosome.svg Animal_cell_structure_en.svg. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....

Пікірлер: 205

  • @mikefixac
    @mikefixac9 жыл бұрын

    you're a joy to listen to. no "ah's" or "ums". thank you so much.

  • @kevinwang6490

    @kevinwang6490

    7 жыл бұрын

    1:37 umm

  • @eleya5825

    @eleya5825

    4 жыл бұрын

    5:20

  • @sarag.2090

    @sarag.2090

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@kevinwang6490 the point is, compared to most teachers, this is almost immaculate.

  • @alexandermarcus9076

    @alexandermarcus9076

    3 жыл бұрын

    Few years ago I was having Cancer as an illness 😭 not untill I meant a spell caster named DR FREDRICK who helped me to be free from Cancer. If you want to be free from cancer Text DR FREDRICK on whatsapp as soon as possible (+1,617,465,5935) and testify later..

  • @bigmanaaron1639

    @bigmanaaron1639

    3 жыл бұрын

    Didn't ask

  • @princessgina21
    @princessgina2110 жыл бұрын

    Watching this has made me understand what cancer actually is. Thankyou for this video

  • @mzgweezy
    @mzgweezy7 жыл бұрын

    Great presentation! Love how you add the animation to your discussion! Very easy to understand! Keep up the great work!

  • @R00567
    @R0056710 жыл бұрын

    Videos always rock Mr. Anderson!

  • @hatheetlove_476
    @hatheetlove_4769 жыл бұрын

    Youre so awesome! I love how well you explain things. I will definitely pass my classes thanks to you! :)

  • @irvingcm58
    @irvingcm589 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for that most lucid explanaition

  • @hezar5166
    @hezar516610 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the video, you do this for all the right reasons so i want you to know it is appretiated

  • @Annibals
    @Annibals6 жыл бұрын

    great video. finally understood this matter. flawless flow in speaking

  • @acfccecilia
    @acfccecilia10 жыл бұрын

    I've just subscribed and I already love your explanation

  • @lulubaniqued6883
    @lulubaniqued68834 жыл бұрын

    Very informative for a regular person like me! Thank you for doing this video!

  • @kevinhartzog6576
    @kevinhartzog65764 жыл бұрын

    You do much too good a job with these videos! Length is just right, the content is very focused, the excellent examples.

  • @nevinroyath5928
    @nevinroyath59284 жыл бұрын

    Brilliant! The video was easy to understand. Thank you kindly for the video. I found it very helpful.

  • @andreablue7353
    @andreablue73535 жыл бұрын

    Aamzing videos, so easy to understand! Thanks so much! keep posting 😊❤️

  • @BrittBrat565
    @BrittBrat5659 жыл бұрын

    Wish you went more into anchorage and density dependent inhibition because that's how it's characterized in AP Biology. But great video they're all so helpful!

  • @rockyA32
    @rockyA329 жыл бұрын

    Nice introduction, thanks!

  • @taylorw
    @taylorw4 жыл бұрын

    Very well done and helpful.

  • @kalewakalahiki2274
    @kalewakalahiki22743 жыл бұрын

    I like how he says very simple and then give a 6 minute explanation on what cancer is

  • @relyongod777
    @relyongod7774 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much….! This is the video which I need now…

  • @PemPemThinley
    @PemPemThinley10 жыл бұрын

    I love your teaching!!!

  • @alexgallegos7582
    @alexgallegos75825 жыл бұрын

    Extremely informative video

  • @brainbox8361
    @brainbox83613 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for describing cancer so easily for what my professor took 2 hours online and still failed. Thanks for such a great and smooth informational video.

  • @bigmanaaron1639

    @bigmanaaron1639

    3 жыл бұрын

    STFU

  • @brainbox8361

    @brainbox8361

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@bigmanaaron1639 thanks. Im gaining attention. 😂

  • @Nuhmanly
    @Nuhmanly3 жыл бұрын

    Perfect detailed explanation

  • @RandomPerson-vd7fh
    @RandomPerson-vd7fh4 жыл бұрын

    Wow! That was a great explaination

  • @timothyjoseph3867
    @timothyjoseph38677 жыл бұрын

    You are such a good bio teacher.

  • @ATGbowling856
    @ATGbowling8562 жыл бұрын

    Very well explained!!!!!!

  • @lurebecca8815
    @lurebecca88157 жыл бұрын

    i am still in primary five i am watching those all day ,thanks for this :D

  • @DixonChristianAcademy
    @DixonChristianAcademy7 жыл бұрын

    Very helpful. Thank you.

  • @tomdang6616
    @tomdang66164 жыл бұрын

    It was very helpful thank you.

  • @TheCinderellaPrincess
    @TheCinderellaPrincess6 жыл бұрын

    My A.P. Bio teacher loves you! Thanks for the review

  • @hooralkindi3716

    @hooralkindi3716

    3 жыл бұрын

    me too, cause actually he do explain well

  • @elisabethpancakes
    @elisabethpancakes10 жыл бұрын

    Great video!

  • @connecispitz4697
    @connecispitz46975 жыл бұрын

    Explained it nicely

  • @CMackJr
    @CMackJr8 жыл бұрын

    Very helpful info

  • @yassinebouzbiba1360
    @yassinebouzbiba136010 жыл бұрын

    Why can't the macrophages and killercells in the immune system kill this tumor? Please like so Bozeman can see this.

  • @kerrymasterson5375

    @kerrymasterson5375

    9 жыл бұрын

    ***** Thats right, one more point is the sugar markers. The sugar markers within the extracellular matrix vary in cancers calls. The immune system in some people is capable of seeing these markers. There are ways to expose cancer cells.

  • @brcarter1111

    @brcarter1111

    5 жыл бұрын

    The answer is very complex. Think of it like a pest species such as mosquitos or bacteria. If you spray for mosquitos, you will kill millions of them each time you do. In that large, heterogeneous population, there will be mosquitos that have genetic mutations that render your spray useless. Over time, the susceptible population will be wiped out and replaced by those who are immune. If you try to reuse the same spray you had used previously, it will do nothing. As you mentioned, many of our immune cells will readily identify and kill cancer cells. This represents perhaps the greatest selective challenge cancer cells face. Tumors, like the mosquitos, are a large, heterogenous population. As time goes on, cancer cells, which often have corrupted DNA repair mechanisms and an incredible rate of proliferation, begin to favor the survival of cancer cells that have mutations that prevent recognition and killing by immune cells. This process is called immunoediting. One of the primary mechanisms cancer cells are recognized is by presentation of antigens on MHC I complexes found on the surface of cells. Although mutations play a significant role, what really seems to be privileging cancer cells doesn't seem to be mutations at all; instead it is the reactivation of genes that they shouldn't be using. What governs this process is unknown. Our immune system is a powerful tool to keep us same from harm, but often it makes mistakes. Collateral damage caused by the immune system can kill us. There are many tissues, particularly in the central nervous system and the human embryo, that are vital to our species and must therefore be protected from the immune system. Many of these cells present molecules on their surface that inactivate or even kill immune cells that try to target them. Cancer is evolution incarnate; not only are tumors and cancer cells constantly acquiring mutations upon which natural selection acts, but seemingly gain a key to the protein-encoding genes perfected over the last 650 million years of vertebrate evolution.

  • @KRAkil-cs4eh

    @KRAkil-cs4eh

    5 жыл бұрын

    Because those cells belongs to our body our immune system does not attack our own cells even though it becomes a cancer cell because of the genetic constitution

  • @brcarter1111

    @brcarter1111

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@KRAkil-cs4eh not necessarily true. We have a series of markers on cells that kind of provide a "window" into the cell that show what kinds of proteins it's making. If there are viral or mutated proteins being translated, these are viewed as non self

  • @healthierlife1610

    @healthierlife1610

    5 жыл бұрын

    They kill some of the cancer cells but they cann't kill all of them.

  • @M7md0197
    @M7md01978 жыл бұрын

    you are the best tkank you so much ❤️

  • @mercedesarciniega9738
    @mercedesarciniega9738 Жыл бұрын

    Great inf thank you

  • @nizam15500
    @nizam155007 жыл бұрын

    wery wery helpfull...thwnks

  • @coreyzerphey4517
    @coreyzerphey45173 жыл бұрын

    Yes this was very helpful, still 6 years later :)

  • @saintisraelmedi7686
    @saintisraelmedi76862 жыл бұрын

    Very helpful

  • @JustAThought155
    @JustAThought1555 жыл бұрын

    Yes it was helpful. I was recently informed of a large tumor that must be removed, and I will learn if it is cancerous in a few days. Therefore, this short informative video was a great refresher tool to remind me of the cause of tumors. Thank you!

  • @Mustafa-rv8cl

    @Mustafa-rv8cl

    4 жыл бұрын

    Hey so was it? Hope you’re well.

  • @ebonyleslie7122

    @ebonyleslie7122

    2 жыл бұрын

    Also hoping that you're alright!

  • @JustAThought155

    @JustAThought155

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Mustafa-rv8cl, Thank you. The tumor was successfully removed and determined as non-cancerous. Sorry for the delayed response. I just received a notification regarding this dated post. Weird!

  • @JustAThought155

    @JustAThought155

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@ebonyleslie7122, Thank you. The tumor was successfully removed and determined non-cancerous.

  • @JustAThought155

    @JustAThought155

    2 жыл бұрын

    The “walnut sized” tumor was removed from my nostril about ten weeks after it was discovered. Thanks be to God, the tumor did not spread into my brain, as suggested before its removal, nor did it have a lasting effect.

  • @alisonnunez9739
    @alisonnunez97393 жыл бұрын

    Thank you.🥺

  • @Jacksaw06
    @Jacksaw063 жыл бұрын

    Yeah, that was very helpful.

  • @soominlee376
    @soominlee376 Жыл бұрын

    great! thank you

  • @eyes21st
    @eyes21st10 жыл бұрын

    Well done, this is a good introduction video to tumor forming cancers (About 85% of all cancers) We desperately need better ways to more accurately Grade and Stage cancers (Truly knowing early-on which mutations are really dangerous ones). Without good low-cost methods to measure the metastatic potential of a cancer the quality of expensive cancer studies has always been compromised. Perhaps one of Mr Anderson students will be part of the solution one day. You have a really excellent teacher here. Other obstacles have to be overcome, Inefficient business models V's Passionate scientists being free to work together Gains for Individual companies V’s Patient Impact Publicly Funded Science for Sale (Behind pay walls V’s “True” Open Access

  • @muhammadsohail7638
    @muhammadsohail76385 жыл бұрын

    king of all subject

  • @zainahmed8577
    @zainahmed85777 жыл бұрын

    that was helpful thx

  • @ginushaliyanage888
    @ginushaliyanage8883 жыл бұрын

    Good job'...

  • @yerosantussa3120
    @yerosantussa31206 жыл бұрын

    wow, thanks

  • @pinoyonboard
    @pinoyonboard4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the vid I never seen cancer and never know what cancer is! Thank you! 😁😁😁 and wow your smart smarter then me

  • @kaiziel

    @kaiziel

    4 жыл бұрын

    I hope it stays that way

  • @clawspwns
    @clawspwns10 жыл бұрын

    Will lots of exercise/workout greately decrease your chance of getting cancer?

  • @bsauce__23bandzz88
    @bsauce__23bandzz882 ай бұрын

    Im amazed

  • @e.m.m.r.9158
    @e.m.m.r.91582 жыл бұрын

    im studying medicine and i watching these kind of videos

  • @abhiramchilukuri754
    @abhiramchilukuri7546 жыл бұрын

    Omg yassssss I'm so confident for my bio test yess

  • @wycka001
    @wycka00110 жыл бұрын

    In description box you've made typo.

  • @ravindramahecha4759
    @ravindramahecha47596 жыл бұрын

    Thx

  • @lucahweston7319
    @lucahweston73193 жыл бұрын

    Ty I get it now

  • @sohilaali1234
    @sohilaali12346 жыл бұрын

    you are the bestttt

  • @MattB8030
    @MattB80304 жыл бұрын

    Are there any foods or drinks that help fight cancer?

  • @30vansan
    @30vansan Жыл бұрын

    Very helpful indeed!!

  • @BoogieDownProduction
    @BoogieDownProduction10 жыл бұрын

    I know this is the standard explanation for cancer (ie, cell starts going crazy not listening to body and replicating). But from what I was hearing, a cell starts to out-compete other nearby cells at which point the nearby cells will start to ramp up to compete. Until we have a cancerous growth of many different types of cells. If it were just a cell multiplying then wouldnt it be a homogeneous growth?

  • @BoogieDownProduction

    @BoogieDownProduction

    10 жыл бұрын

    Bozeman Science please tell me if this is incorrect in your opinion? I can link you to the studies if you are interested

  • @tuncalikutukcuoglu8800
    @tuncalikutukcuoglu88005 жыл бұрын

    A fine explanation of cancer, but it focuses more on therapy than on causes and prevention. In that sense, a corporate-friendly neoclassical explanation..

  • @claudiugc
    @claudiugc8 жыл бұрын

    So it's like diminishing returns?

  • @michaelworley7517
    @michaelworley75175 жыл бұрын

    Actually a study shown if your active through you 60ss and above less likely chance of cancer the more you exersice the more healther all the way around less chance of cancer

  • @ahmadalikhan4753
    @ahmadalikhan47533 жыл бұрын

    Really Osm 🌸♥️

  • @Xxxcappie23
    @Xxxcappie239 жыл бұрын

    You said one treatment of cancer is using ionizing radiation, but does ionizing radiation not cause DNA strands to break and thereby damage chromosomes... cause mutations that may trigger a tumour to develop in the first place ?. Seems contradictory, please explain.

  • @kerrymasterson5375

    @kerrymasterson5375

    9 жыл бұрын

    IR will cause damage to DNA in both normal and cancer cells. Cancer cells replicate faster and if repair enzymes are unable to keep the DNA repaired and faithful cancer cells die more often due to replication errors.

  • @dianaefrost
    @dianaefrost10 жыл бұрын

    How does uncontrollable cell growth lead to death of a tissue or organ? Is it because all the energy of that part of the body is being spent on the production of cancer cells & therefore not on the healthy cells?

  • @alexiguess6018

    @alexiguess6018

    4 жыл бұрын

    Probably a bit of both. Also (this is just my guess, I hv no idea for sure), the cancer cells, if they divide enough, can restrict the function of vital organs. For example, if a cancerous mass were to occupy, say, the left lung, then, the bigger it grows, the more it restricts the function of the left lung, until, eventually, it takes up the entire lung and caused it to be completely useless, while restricting the amount of oxygen at the same time

  • @Tschoo
    @Tschoo10 жыл бұрын

    Does the immune recognise cancer cells or when is the problem too big for the body to deal with. Thanks!

  • @khadijahb796

    @khadijahb796

    10 жыл бұрын

    I think cancerous cells bypass the "normal" cell checkpoints, because they're mutants. And that's why it's hard for the immune system to detect a foreign antigen, because it skips specific parts of the cycle and they just replicate uncontrollably. (I think :))

  • @khadijahb796

    @khadijahb796

    10 жыл бұрын

    Forgot to add, that's why cell apoptosis isn't effective :) because cancerous cells are mutated

  • @Animuldok

    @Animuldok

    10 жыл бұрын

    Yes, the immune system removes neoplastic cells on a daily basis. It's actually amazing once you understand all the hurdles a neoplastic cell has to get over in order to survive in situ, metastasize, and then survive in the target tissue.

  • @Tschoo

    @Tschoo

    10 жыл бұрын

    cool thanks for the answer!

  • @meowismeify
    @meowismeify10 жыл бұрын

    Cancer sucks :(

  • @kiwileija8673

    @kiwileija8673

    3 жыл бұрын

    natural selction

  • @bigmanaaron1639

    @bigmanaaron1639

    3 жыл бұрын

    STFU

  • @davewilliams3890
    @davewilliams38904 жыл бұрын

    why not trying alkaline therapy due the the specific pH constitution of the cells hence neutralisation

  • @alexvivat5544
    @alexvivat55444 жыл бұрын

    The best way to treat the cancer is the Mishin's coil device

  • @ADPJ19
    @ADPJ1910 жыл бұрын

    But, isn't mutations which causes all cancers? You said that the causes are different, but cancers are the same. I'm a little confused regarding that

  • @elitetech7728

    @elitetech7728

    9 жыл бұрын

    Ajaay Persaud Like Team Rocket said, environmental factors & health choices may lead to mutations. And these mutations will cause cancer.

  • @tomasvilca2277
    @tomasvilca22779 жыл бұрын

    My baby couzin is going to die because of cacer I am so sad

  • @RadiantFreeEnergyResearch
    @RadiantFreeEnergyResearch10 жыл бұрын

    An interesting documentary was Forks Over Knives. Individuals discovered that a diet rich with fresh vegetables, and eating no meat, permit the body to heal from many illness. It's also interesting to see so many individuals Living to Prevent Cancer.

  • @omegalulomegalul1107
    @omegalulomegalul11074 жыл бұрын

    Your channel :3

  • @skysack6385
    @skysack63858 жыл бұрын

    Man... This is so familiar. Last year my grandfather had prostate cancer so he had to have prostate removal surgery, followed by about a years worth of radiation treatments. Do to the cancer being in his prostate a lot of my friends were giggling about it! Cancer is not funny, and cancer cells is absolute cellular psychopaths...

  • @igesio
    @igesio10 жыл бұрын

    You didn't explain how uncontrolled cell growth is bad for the body

  • @ExploreCHINA616

    @ExploreCHINA616

    10 жыл бұрын

    uncontrolled cell growth leads to formation of a tumour and then cancer which is bad for the body

  • @jaxon1014
    @jaxon10143 жыл бұрын

    anyone else think of the matrix when hearing "Mr. Anderson"?

  • @agnesyuen6190
    @agnesyuen619010 жыл бұрын

    The cells in the tumour are the same, aren't they? Because they are the progeny of one genetic mutational cell.

  • @KRAkil-cs4eh
    @KRAkil-cs4eh5 жыл бұрын

    Benign tumor stays in a particular location

  • @Animuldok
    @Animuldok10 жыл бұрын

    Though I thought the video was quite informative and overall well presented, your use of the word "tumor" is incorrect. It is more appropriate to call the collection of cancer cells a mass or nodule. "Tumor" refers to *any* abnormal swelling (bug bite, swollen stubbed toe, etc.) and is not remotely synonymous with cancer in a medical/pathological context due to its extremely broad/nonspecific meaning. The more correct way of defining cancer is "malignant neoplasia." It would serve those interested in understanding the differences of the following terms: hyperplasia, neoplasia, malignant, and benign.

  • @tingwesley3285
    @tingwesley32853 жыл бұрын

    Can you please go straight to the main points so I don’t get tired takings notes😂

  • @zandermaples2425

    @zandermaples2425

    3 жыл бұрын

    ong

  • @xnaxx9043
    @xnaxx90436 жыл бұрын

    👌

  • @brodieleith1372
    @brodieleith13724 жыл бұрын

    Mr Anderson, you have a cool name

  • @bigboibeano5064
    @bigboibeano50645 жыл бұрын

    I killed bithic magma

  • @kimmanning2913
    @kimmanning29132 ай бұрын

    Looks like I'm free.

  • @przemkowaliszewski3290
    @przemkowaliszewski32903 жыл бұрын

    My explanation is slighthly different. Tumorigenesis is a complex, temporo-spatial, multistep phenomenon that begins locally in macromolecules at the level of quantum interactions during spontaneous thermodynamic fluctuations [Waliszewski P et al. On the holistic approach in cellular and cancer biology: nonlinearity, complexity, and quasi-determinism of the dynamic cellular network. J Surg Oncol 1998; 68(2): 70-78]. Macromolecules undergo deterministic chaotic oscillations caused by physical forces whose average value in time is zero. Some of those fluctuations lead to the irreparable DNA damage in protein encoding genes as well as to the altered function of DNA polymerases. Those alterations result in both qualitative and quantitative changes in non-linear, non-bijective, and quasi-deterministic dynamic cellular network composed of genes, their regulatory elements, RNAs and functional proteins. In particular, mutations appear in some critical genes during DNA synthesis and replication (compare [Tomasetti C, Lu L, Vogelstein B. Stem cell division, somatic mutation, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention. Science 2017; 355: 1330-1334.]). A novel cellular phenotype emerges. Since that process occurs random and parallel in different stem cells, malignant phenotype may appear in different tissue localizations. Usually, cells with the mutated DNA self-organize in a tumor, that is, a tissue structure composed not only of malignant cells, but also fibroblasts, muscle cells, and blood vessels. Although that lesion develops locally, phenotypically malignant cells spread over the body and colonize the distant organs as metastases. The metabolic influences of the local lesion change eventually metabolism at different levels of hierarchical organization of multicellular organism, from subcellular organelles up to the organism level. Those metabolic alterations lead to death of patients. Thus, a variety of interactions within that hierarchy determine the course of tumorigenesis as a disease.

  • @bigmanaaron1639

    @bigmanaaron1639

    3 жыл бұрын

    Didn't ask

  • @tupacshakur9034
    @tupacshakur90345 жыл бұрын

    Just get the Tumour out then what’s stopping U from doing that

  • @benstevinson764
    @benstevinson7642 жыл бұрын

    Cancer is a Malignant Alien!!! 👾🧬

  • @devinharris2812
    @devinharris28128 жыл бұрын

    Wait just a second... correlation shows causation? I think not! C'mon Bozeman. I love your videos but that's a scientific no-no right there. (2:35)

  • @mikewazowskisrightleg3602
    @mikewazowskisrightleg36022 жыл бұрын

    walter

  • @alexiguess6018
    @alexiguess60184 жыл бұрын

    How to cure cancer: change your jeans I’m sorry I’ll go now EDIT: spelling

  • @hayrettinocakli6966
    @hayrettinocakli69664 жыл бұрын

    is that russell howard?

  • @gregbalteff1529
    @gregbalteff152910 жыл бұрын

    LETS THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX AND POSSIBLY CONSIDER THE MENACE OF FUNGUS !!!

  • @elitetech7728

    @elitetech7728

    9 жыл бұрын

    Greg Balteff what

  • @esposc94
    @esposc948 жыл бұрын

    What is cancer? Anime.

  • @colejohnson8279
    @colejohnson82793 жыл бұрын

    I have kids in my basement

  • @CHRISTOPHERMILLER-VELEZ
    @CHRISTOPHERMILLER-VELEZ3 ай бұрын

    L mans

  • @chrismiller9839

    @chrismiller9839

    3 ай бұрын

    Omg it’s me