What is a UNIVERSAL JOINT - Cardan or Constant-velocity Joint?
Ғылым және технология
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The Universal joint is a mechanical device that allows one or more rotating shafts, whose axes are inclined to each other, to be linked together, allowing the transmission of torque and rotary motion. For this reason, universal joints are classified as torque transmission devices.
The invention of this type of joint dates back to the 3rd century BC, thanks to some Greek scientists such as Philo of Byzantium, who mentioned this type of joint in his work “Belopoeica”.
But it is only in 1545 that the famous Italian mathematician and physicist Gerolamo Cardano rediscovered this important device, which is also called Cardan joint.
The Universal Joint consists of an intermediate cross-pin member, simply known as the Cross. The size of the Cross is determined in order to obtain the best compromise between the dynamic features of the rotating elements of the joint, and the flexural properties of its pins.
The cross links two yoke shafts together. Each pair of yoke is positioned at right angles to the other. The cross allows each Yoke to rotate around the Y and Z axes. The yoke shaft connected to the engine is called Input Shaft, while the other one is called Output Shaft. The input shaft transmits it rotational movement to the output shaft.
The Yokes are designed to overcome any elastic deformations, and they also keep aligned the bearing seats of the Cross. These yokes are usually made of steel and they are manufactured to stringent quality and safety standards. The angle between the two shafts is called “operating angle”. With standard yokes which rotate for short periods of time, it is possible to reach an operating angle of 45 degrees. While for continuous use, an operating angle of 35 degrees shall not be exceeded.
The transmission ratio of the yokes does not remain constant over time, but it has a smooth periodic oscillation with a sine-wave pattern. This means that the speed of the input shaft will never be equal to the speed of the output shaft; the consequence of this phase shifting causes vibrations. The greater the operating angle, the greater the vibration willl be.
To overcome these issuses, the Double universal joint can be used to accommodate the misalignment between two parallel shafts.
The Telescopic Universal Joint is however used in the agricultural sector, especially on vehicles such as tractors. This consists of two simple joints connected by a telescopic shaft, which is able to acomodate variations in lenght between the tractor and its attachment. This variations can occur during the tractor maneuvers, due to the roughness of natural terrain.
In the industrial sector, the universal Joint is used to transmit rotary motion to many devices, such as: conveyor belts. It can also be used to operate the different cutters of a moulder machine.
The Constant-velocity joint on the other hand, has a slightly different working principle; it always links an input and an output shaft together, but unlike the Universal Joint, this one has the ability to keep the Transmission ratio constant over time, regardless of the rotation angle of the shaft.
Usually a Constant-velocity joint has an external protection. Its heart is represented by the inner core, through which the torque and the rotary motion are transmitted. The connection between the two shafts takes place thanks to a series of steel balls placed one by one inside a cage. Thanks to this cage the balls are free to rotate indipendently inside its grooves, allowing the articulation of the shafts as well as the transmission of motion. This type of joint is protected by a rubber boot, a "CV gaiter", usually filled with molybdenum disulfide grease. The rubber boot infact protects the joint from water and dust damages over time.
Many people may not know what a Constant-velocity joint is or what it is used for, even though it is a very important devide for every vehicle.
Constant velocity joints in fact are mainly used in vehicles with front wheel drive, but also in several modern rear wheel drive cars with independent rear suspension.
In this last case, these joints are used at the ends of the rear axle halfshafts or on the drive shafts.
10 years in the industrial supplies sector, have led JAES to become a qualify partner for some of the most important mechanical joint manufacturers, offering a wide range of different joint types, such as...
We can conclude by saying that in the vast industrial sector, from energy, to food, from agriculture to woodworking, the universal Joint is a very important device, which plays a leading role in the modern industries all over the world.
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The textures have no business being this good lol, bravo to whoever put in the extra time to create surface imperfections
Excellent discussion with historical reference, succinct clarity, easy-going style and utterly fantastic illustrations. You guys achieved a level of information/knowledge dissemination that should become a benchmark for virtually everyone in the entire world! FANTASTICALLY GOOD! I appreciate your educational skill and I learned an extreme amount of tacit engineering information thanks to you! Seriously, MY THANKS TO YOU!!!
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Hello. We really appreciated your comment! Thank you so much for taking your time watching our video. The purpose of our videos is to provide basic notions about these topics even to beginners. So we welcome anyone who brings his own contribution and share his knowledge on our channel. For this reason we would like to know your opinion about this video we made, in which we explain the working principle of SCREW JACKS kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html If you want to learn more about our projects, please visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
nice animation - now I know more about this type of gear.
@Jaescompany
5 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much @learnchannel. Your videos are very well explained too. You can also watch our video about Helicopter and tell us what do you think: kzread.info/dash/bejne/rIh5xa9-lJerYc4.html
Please visit our website www.jaescompany.com to see our new project and find out who we are
Excellent! Crystal clear illustration and explanation!
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Glad to hear that from you! Thank you so much for your comment! Have you had a chance to watch our video about BEARINGS kzread.info/dash/bejne/g5yIq5p8nrXPk5s.html and SCREW JACK kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel kzread.info/dron/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
Best explanation ever in my thoughts Thank you for this video ☺
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
thank you Dileep where are you from ?
Very good video, I appreciate the concise information.
This clears up a big question . Love those graphics .
The vedio was amazingly high quality. Keep up ...I wish to know more about the gearbox
Thanks for the explanation.
Good descriptive and graphic information
thanks guys you're amazing
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Thanks to you for your comment! If you're interested you can also watch our video about mechanical screw jacks and tell us what do you think: kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html We invite you to visit our website to find out our next projects: jaescompany.com/
This is great!
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Ciao Sacramoni thanks for your message maybe you can be interesting too kzread.info/dash/bejne/gXecltWvdcmqnag.html how plane fly please check in the play list there are a lot of video about mechanical, idraulic and electronic please feel free to leave comment and message and advise
very nice explanation, Thanks!! :)
Good animations. No know it's not typical but cv joints are far from being in every vehicle. My daily driven 4wd relies only on several u joints (for now at least). I would have liked to see the effect of two offset joints on the shaft speed variation graph though. But glad I found your video to explain these joint differences to my daughter
what is maximum and minimum angle at which this joint can transfer power?
Wow very instructive thank you ❤
A great video 👍❤❤
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Hello. We're glad you like our video! Did you have a chance to watch our video about SCREW JACKS? kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, please visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
Very important video.
Great animation and clear voice. I think In both type of joints, the vertical movement of the object in the output shaft (lets take a car wheel as example) it would require that output shaft enlarges or contract because of the angular movement otherwise there would be an unexpected horizontal displacement in the wheel. Am I right? How does it deal with that? Thanks !
@bmoers01
3 жыл бұрын
most shafts have a sleeve and plunger system that allows the shaft to lengthen and shorten as needed, hope this helped :)
Good Explanation
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your comment! If you're interested you can also watch our video about BEARINGS kzread.info/dash/bejne/g5yIq5p8nrXPk5s.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel kzread.info/dron/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
In the double u joint the input and the output shaft have to be parallel in order to maintain a costant speed
@XianboLiu
4 жыл бұрын
Don't need to be parallel. The equal angle of each joint is sufficient to keep a constant speed
Cool. Thanks.
It's very useful and informative video
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you! If you're interested you can also watch our video about BEARINGS kzread.info/dash/bejne/g5yIq5p8nrXPk5s.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel kzread.info/dron/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
Interesting.....Good job
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your comment! Have you had a chance to watch our video about BEARINGS? kzread.info/dash/bejne/g5yIq5p8nrXPk5s.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel kzread.info/dron/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
What material the cross pin member Is made of?
nice animation i like the fact they put scracth on the shaft :D Authentic:D though i dont understand that elastic thing and how do the CVJ go in and out of the uper joint? probably animation weirdness but how :S
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Hello. Thank you so much for your comment! We are glad you like our animation! In constant velocity joints the connection between the two shafts takes place thanks to a series of steel balls placed one by one inside a cage. Thanks to this cage the balls are free to rotate indipendently inside its grooves, allowing the articulation of the shafts as well as the transmission of motion. I hope I helped you! And if you have other questions, please don't esitate to ask. Did you have a chance to watch our video about SCREW JACKS? kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, please visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
Super explain
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
thanks Saidulu, please look our website www.jaescompany.com and please let us know what do you think about our video about train kzread.info/dash/bejne/p4Cqt9etddfAmrA.html
Very useful video
Very good
Great demo.
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! We really appreciate that! Have you had a chance to watch our video about BEARINGS kzread.info/dash/bejne/g5yIq5p8nrXPk5s.html ? We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel kzread.info/dron/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
@afrikaniz3d
3 жыл бұрын
JAES Company and thank you. The video was so well put together and beautifully rendered it made it so much easier to grasp the concept - busy applying the ones in this video to my current project. Will definitely check out your other stuff in future 🤙
excellent
I enjoyed this so much that I don't realize it's an ad lol
Do you know anyone who has compared wear, load abilities, and resistance to operational grime with OEM new u-joints and a few popular aftermarket brands too?
CV joint isn't explained in this video enough,.; but I found it very interesting, thank you
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Dear Driss, thanks for your comment If you are interested give a look to our website :www.jaescompany.com and please let us know what do you think about our video induction motor kzread.info/dash/bejne/d5eWqqeIebmtk8o.html
In the costant velocity joint does the transmition ratio remains costant becouse of the metal spheres?
@capaya8139
4 жыл бұрын
it remains constant because the metal spheres act as a middle man between the two shafts. no matter the angle of the input shaft, the metal balls will spin at the same rate as the input shaft
So in the double universal joint is the speed of the output shaft equal to the speed of the input shaft?
@MrOnemanop
3 жыл бұрын
Yes. It's only within one rotation that some flexion and differential in speed occurs. And it is only slight. measureable only within engineering graphing. Not normally noticeable, at least at ICE (speeds).
Hello everyone, I need the fomula of relation between the input velocity and output velocity with respect to operating angle. If you know the formula please let me know.
@burakaydn4553
4 жыл бұрын
Andraz P Thank you vere much.
Is interesting video please anyone has knowledge advise us where universal joint are used
@richardschofield2201
4 жыл бұрын
Prop shafts. From a gearbox to the diff is one of the most common places
The way I learned it, a "CV" joint is really not constant velocity. Like the U-joint, the speed variation exists, but at a lesser amount. There is a higher frequency of speed variation at a lower amplitude. If you have 5 balls in your CV joint, it won't be as constant as it would be if it had 6, or 7, or 8.
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Hello. Thank you so much for your comment. We welcome anyone who brings its own contribution and share its knowledge on our videos. This allows us to improve our contents as well as to correct any misunderstandings. So, if you're interested you can watch our new video about the working principle of mechanical screw jacks and tell us what do you think: kzread.info/dash/bejne/m2GOlsqzj66-YLA.html Furthermore you can visit our web site to find out who we are: jaescompany.com/
@NathanLarson01
Жыл бұрын
That's an important detail, thanks for sharing.
Verify impressive and educateing
Very nice 3D animation! But I don't understand what causes vibration...
@panda3d180
4 жыл бұрын
Sorry about my false reply. It is caused by phase shifting.
@panda3d180
4 жыл бұрын
The greater the operating angle, the more vibration.
@hazbiniznow89
5 ай бұрын
It can be from harmonics. Like why they have a harmonic balancer on the crank and balanced with the fly wheel and possibly a balance Shaft. Vibrations from somewhere near the device can vibrations on the axel. The cv Axel's for cars have a balancer attached to them.
I am mechanic ,good jobs
I think that the angle of the output shaft must be the same of the angle of the input shaft..
2:11 Oh that's beautiful ❤
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks you Robertsen
Indonesia
13 dec 2019 11:10 am est:thanks
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Dear Sir thanks for your comment If you are interested give a look to our website :www.jaescompany.com and please let us know what do you think about our video induction motor kzread.info/dash/bejne/d5eWqqeIebmtk8o.html
Welp, although a nice looking animation, the configuration of the U-joint arrangements in several of the examples is 100% wrong. Time stamp at @3:30, the tractor's PTO output... running a double cardan into a single U-joint articulated will cause the vibration/pulsing.. Screwed up there. Time stamp at @3:45, the drive shaft on the conveyor system, shows those joints 90 degrees out of phase to one another. which will cause vibration/pulsing. Screwed up there.
I did something similar with plastic straws
حلو 🧁
URW Urawa
"lead ya ass" at 5:40
Ok, so why do trucks use a universal joint
@MrOnemanop
3 жыл бұрын
Because when under operational load, the flex of the chassis, motor and transmission mounts, and the flexing of the rear suspension, cause a misalignment of the transmission output shaft and the rear axle yoke. Without some allowance for deflection, a solid connection would cause extreme load and failure of the coupling. Simply put, the two ends flex, and the universal joint moves to accommodate a certain amount of movement.
Explanation for second type of UJ is horibile. You should remake it.
@Jaescompany
4 жыл бұрын
Dear Nelu, thank you for your comment please can you give how we can improve? feel frre to give a piece of advise
@nelunicoara4483
4 жыл бұрын
@@Jaescompany More details, more sections on animated 3D model, show difference between this UJ and other similar sliding asemblies (Like ball bearings) and others.
ANY ONE FROM AGNEL POLYTECHNIC?
Do u know what's the hardest part abt this To remember the inventor's name
I am a rob-ot
he lost me at cardan joint
Why aren't all universal joins replaced with constant volatile joints?
Very good
@Jaescompany
3 жыл бұрын
TONY THANKS YOU