She also skipped a long-planned vacation to run the experiment herself. My hero!

@MottyGlix

4 жыл бұрын

Does anyone still use the word "heroine" for the female version of "hero"?

@StanleyKowalski.

3 жыл бұрын

@@MottyGlix it is still used

@NoNameAtAll2

2 жыл бұрын

@@MottyGlix noone likes heroin

@johnny14980

Жыл бұрын

@@MottyGlix yeah nobody cares

Thank you so much for recognizing Wu Chien Shiung's relevance... as a young grad student I constantly feel insecure and afraid if someday I'll be overlook in science just for being a girl... what you said made me feel so happy and proud and also recharged me to continue on studying hard so that one day it can be me making a huge breakthrough in the STEM field! I really look up to you, Dr Don... Thank you for all the things you've taught me and for being an amazing person.

@derblaue

Жыл бұрын

I didn't even know those 2 guys but only Wu. I guess my prof did at least one thing right by explicitly teaching us the Wu experiment,

@guff9567

Жыл бұрын

@@derblaue Don CLEARLY hates Chinese men. You can best this is because he once offered his tender heart to a woman and she rejected him for a superior Chinese male.

@zack_120

6 ай бұрын

Dr. Lincoln.

@user-fw1bu6fd2i

3 ай бұрын

​@@zack_120💀, right😂

@abebuckingham8198

2 ай бұрын

Ever since we've allowed women to go to school they have outperformed men academically. I looked for many possible reasons this could occur and the best explanation I can find is that women are simply smarter than men. In another hundred years this will be obvious to everyone and you and other women will be the reason. Keep it up.

Mrs Wu definitely deserve a Nobel Prize. We should keep raising our voices for this issue so much that a separate award is created to honour all those who deserved but were left by humanity in the past 😋

@LunizIsGlacey

9 ай бұрын

That's a neat idea!

@zack_120

6 ай бұрын

Excellent idea! This would give the Nobel cmt. a chance to correct itself, Unless it refuses to improve.

Really sad to learn that she was overlooked, her experimental design is brilliant!

@mukeshsharma-iq8dp

Жыл бұрын

It happened also the discovery of the DNA., in Nuclear Physics- there is a long list of injustice that half of humanity suffered because of their gender......MCP was big and many women in Science got the short-end of the stick. I think its high time now to redress these mistakes and give them their due recognition,

@guff9567

Жыл бұрын

Pointless

@zack_120

6 ай бұрын

And her unmatched experimental skills. Read somewhere that many experimental scientists failed in carrying out the experiments until Professor Wu walked in.

"Now, neither of these guys knew how to test this because they were *_cough_* theoretical physicists"

@govamurali2309

3 жыл бұрын

Angry Sheldon noises

@curlykiddell368

2 жыл бұрын

The shade 😂

@naveedsegments

7 ай бұрын

Small dog barking

At 2:35, what I think what you really meant to say was that if we measure the spin in the direction of motion, then it will be parallel or anti-parallel. It will be another matter if we, for example, instead measure the spin in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion.

@harsimratdhaliwal2806

2 жыл бұрын

aye your videos go hard

To be clear, he also isn't on the Nobel prize committee now either. Had me going for a minute there.

@pavel9652

2 жыл бұрын

Exactly, I wasn't sure what it was supposed to mean, the joke was too hermetic ;)

I've been wondering about the nature of the weak force for years, because it seems noone is covering this topic in depth. Finally a first step! *However, the video still hasn't taught me much about the weak force yet. Only about its preference for a certain spin.* I hope more is coming :-)

@MrVankog

7 жыл бұрын

Yeah, it sounds like it.

@malcolmabram2957

5 жыл бұрын

The weak force simplistically is concerned with nuclear decay, but it governs the structure of atomic nuclei. In some ways it is the most important of the forces. Without it atoms would become a chaotic mess of anything goes.

@pureenergy5051

5 жыл бұрын

@@malcolmabram2957 The word "decay" means transform. You don't know why forces exist so you don't know that there would be a chaotic mess

@malcolmabram2957

5 жыл бұрын

@@pureenergy5051 Thanks for your reply. The weak forces is why there is a periodic table of elements, without which matter would become chaotic. Nuclei cannot get too big, and there must be a balance between neutrons and protons. The question is identifying the rules that govern the way the weak force behaves. Why is C13 stable, but C14 is not etc, etc, etc?

@pureenergy5051

5 жыл бұрын

@@malcolmabram2957 For 35 years I have been reading that all subatomic particles are governed by consciousness. There is major reason why there are forces, otherwise why use the word "behaves"? The rules are the purpose of why we are being created in the first place.

I am so glad I follow this channel. Thank you, Dr. Lincoln!

Her experiment showed something stranger than pretty much anything else ive heard in any of these great videos, and theyre all often mindblowing.

You explain everything perfectly I'm beyond awe-inspired by the content of this channel

Did not now of these three physicists, thanks for the annotation pertaining to spin. Special thanks for the important history lesson. Reminds me of Watson-Crick and Franklin, whom was essentially passed by. Good to make things right to help keep us on track to do the correct thing...always. Great series of educational pieces from Fermi.

I really enjoy all of these Don Lincoln videos. thanks for making them

I finally subscribed to your videos. It really brought back the motivation to learn more of Physics and revise my maths. You have kept the videos simple (not necessarily easy to grasp everything though) but included bare minimum information to get an insight into the topic.

"Theoretical Physicist" -cit. I laughed. I laughed a lot

Great video on a mysterious and fascinating subject. More please!

It's not hard to imagine how the Nobel cmt is blind and corrupted by ignoring such a landmark contribution of Mr. Wu. The discovery is historical also beautiful by iteself: the weak force only likes left handed particles, which may imply huge potential for future discoveries.

I'm so glad I came upon this channel.

Loved the ending! I adore this series!

Every time I see a new upload on this channel it's like a stadium of avid football fans cheering a touchdown in my mind :-) Thanks Dr. D!!! Keep 'em coming!

Thank you for this video. My father very much wanted Dr. Wu to join in the prize. It's interesting that this video comes from Fermi Lab, The Fermi Lab's first director, Robert Wilson and Dr. Wu both worked at Berkeley at the same time.

Thanks for this great video Don.

After watching this video (a couple of times so far), this is the first time I have any understanding of the weak force at all. I'm looking forward to more videos on this and related topics!

@pronounjow

7 жыл бұрын

***** Please!

another great video as always. thank you man

Awesome vid! i love the fact that what ever this science is it keeps evolving and we keep learning new things!

I love your vids! This one should be a blast

Well done for showing how important she was, a similar issue relates to Watson and Crick, Rosalind Franklin is hardly ever mentioned but it was her fabulous X-ray work that was critical in the discovery of how DNA fits together and works.

THANKS FOR SHARING THIS CONTENT!! one of the best videos of youtube...

Thank you for another informative video. I am even daring enough to take credit for motivating this video being made since I requested a video on the Weak Force several months ago. Hopefully the next amazing video topic will cover why the electron does not crash into the nucleus and if it is a standing wave or point like object held in an orbital. A more serious question....if the other forces do not care about spin...how do we explain the alignment of electron spin with magnetism?

Amazing explanation!

She is the best and the most influential scientist unknown to the general public, an Unsung hero of humanity.

Sir Your explanations are a treasure. So clear. A good account of the Wu experiment is given in Krane's Introduction to Nuclear Physics.

THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!

Subscribed! You are probably the first channel on youtube to touch the spin the weak force. However, as some commentors below/above, I hope for more videos on these topics. What does the weak force actually do? How does it do it?

A woman studying a discriminating force..got discriminated on. The irony😅

Never to late to award a noble prize in her name or honor, and the next video I would like in GED format.

U r awesome, doctor. Thank u..

I have watched this video a couple of times but now (on a bigger monitor) I discovered the neutrino oscillations taking place on Don's shirt. 😂 Thanks for a great video!

love this !

Dr. D u r the man!!

I love your channel...truly...but what does this mean? You explained the nuts and bolts, but not the implications, unless of course that went entirely over my head.

I'm very intrigued with the begginig of the video. Those other fuzzier forces where do they appear? Is it related to technicolor? I want to know please!

I'll one day be a particle physicist

@IronMan-qi3yg

5 жыл бұрын

Sash or chicane?

@dirtperson5234

5 жыл бұрын

Crack or meth?

@JC-je3jc

5 жыл бұрын

Did you just assume my collapsed wave function?

@SaadMohammedGhori

5 жыл бұрын

Go for it bro!

@yuutaakagami2406

5 жыл бұрын

amen

Thanks this is really awesome! Ive wondered about these things for ages, but I have one more question that keeps bothering me... why is using the weak force to transmute atoms so inefficient? I cant remember perfectly, but i heard a story about a man who held an experiment with tons of gallons of chlorine, but when using the weak force he only got 3 boron (i think it was boron) atoms out of it. I understand that you need the electrons to get super close to the atom in order for the neutrinos to hit the quarks, but i still dont know why the weak force can be so inefficient.

I had the honor of meet her at CERN I’m 2018 . I do admire her to

great video

Well said sir, we agree completely

how do they account for the interaction of the electron with the magnetic field being subjected against the Cobalt? or the magnetic field being created by the alignment of all the electron spins in the material?

I love Dr. Lincoln

Don is freaking amazing

I've never hear that before about the spin of a particle being aligned with the direction of travel. But doesn't the direction of travel depend on your frame of reference? How can spin be an attribute of the particle itself if it depends on who's observing it?

I have 3 daughters. This story pisses me off ... and makes me very happy. Wrongs can be righted! Wu never got the Nobel prize, but she got recognition on the Internet! Guess which one has more fans?!?! Thank you, Don!

That was a very good video! You could perhaps explain more about spin and what it really is? As far as I know it is not real rotation like in the macro word but I've yet to see an explanation what it really is. (It is often described as "like spinning macro object but not really spinning" which leaves out what it *really* is!)

@maxrothman7368

7 жыл бұрын

hoggif I believe that the spin corresponds more to the symmetry of the particle, as in how many times you see the sameface during its rotation. I hope this clarifies it.

@richardpaulphilips9561

6 жыл бұрын

Max Rothman But the particles isn't rotating at all! In fact, elementary particles doesn't have spacial dimensions. Think of spin like you think of electric charge: We know what it does but we don't know what it is. Spin is just like that: something we can measure, like charge, but depends on how we "look" at it. Let's be honest: Nobody knows what spin is, neither what charge is. This lack of knowledge is what pushes science forward!

@nmarbletoe8210

Жыл бұрын

Try this: spin is the second result of Noether's theorem for rotational symmetry. The first result is conservation of angular momentum, the second is quantum spin.

Why is there not a playlist for Dr Lincoln's videos on the Fermilab KZread channel?

Can you please do a video about the upper limits of temperature (if there are any), and about the recent discovery that the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism, in high temperatures become one and the same?

good one sir. #makemescientific

Where can l see video # 2 from serial You start yesterday, can't find it. Thanks Dr. Lincoln.

With all respect, I am curious your explanation spin directions (are they called chirality?) at 2.36. Is this only true at ultra-relativistic limit? Or if the explanation is always true, how can I think about spin of an electron at rest? My understand is, for example, an electron (at rest or slowly moving) can have spin in arbitrary directions. Once an external magnetic field is applied, the spin's directions are said with respect to direction of the magnetic field.

Your a magnificent scientist for letting us know about the the extraordinary female scientist, Dr. Wu. Sadly it seems not giving credit where credit is due, continues. Thank you for keeping her name alive.

can spin run anything else than left or right like both way same time or both ways randomly

Tq info professor 👍👍👍that means weak nuklear force got his positions on powerful strong nuklear force because trigger by electromagnetic?so weak nuklear force is actually Electromagnetic on evolution 2 perhaps?

Can you describe(graphically) what actually spin is in quantum work? If you are saying the sub atomic particle is not classically spinning then how is it moving? I am not interested in the number given to spin but its actual physical movement.

I'm wondering about the weak force. We can perturb the electromagnetic field by actively spinning magnets around and controlling the flow of electrons in a conductor, but are we any close to being able to harnessing the power of the weak force.

Never been so outraged by the end of a Fermilab video

@cgaccount3669

4 жыл бұрын

But madam Currie won 2 Nobel prizes at a time when it was even harder for women in science. And we also have to remember the Nobel prize is like the Oscars. Only an elite few get a say

Great video! The pace is perfect and extra points for pointing out Wu's accomplishments & contributions. I'm no social justice warrior but credit should be given where it's due! 👍

Oh, nice dig on "Theoretical Physicists" :)

@wesamhashish9

3 жыл бұрын

You talking to me :)

@loge10

3 жыл бұрын

Not being a scientist, I thought he was going to say it was because they were Chinese... It was the 50's after all...

Hey! Does anyone know where to find the video playing in the background at around 3:10?

I know its difficult, but have the neutrinos from these interactions been confirmed as left-handed? With all the news about symmetry breaking, is it possible there's another one here?

Don. Is this an explanation why there are no antimater in the universe?, I mean, because I'm engineer, not physicist, I'm wondering if this interaction of the weak force may explain why the universe is full of matter and without antimatter. If the experiment shows that Co60 decayment always is with certain spins of the electron and neutrino... ¿Is this relevant?

@frankschneider6156

7 жыл бұрын

+ciudadanubis Yes, that's actually the current best guess. The weak force has also more similar asymmetric properties and there are a ton of other similar experiments (this was just the first one). It's thus reasonable to assume, that the perceived asymmetry between matter and anti-matter of the universes resulted somehow from this.

@frankschneider6156

7 жыл бұрын

+ScienceNinjaDude True and it's imho primarily a gut feeling, just making a connection between two anomalies. But understanding that would imho be Nobel prize wothy. If we would be able to somehow really understand what was going on, that would massively deepen our understanding of the early universe and the forces that govern it. It's especially interesting as the strong and the electromagnetic force who are thought to be incarnations of the same general force do not exhibit such a behavior.

@naiteakhiangte1773

6 жыл бұрын

ciudadanubis The anti-matter you called is prevalently known as Dark Matter (of Dark Energy). This is not a new issue of the scientist and is also portraited in TV series like The Flash (althought it was just written to best suit for the series and is not meant to argue with physics).

@joebender3662

6 жыл бұрын

An excellent conjecture I don't know if it is true or not but it is suggestive and maybe there are other asymmetries which also favour matter.. bravo to that connection!

@DFPercush

5 жыл бұрын

This may shed a small light on your question, although he goes on to say that this does not explain everything. But, there is a difference in the time it takes certain particles to decay based on whether they are matter or antimatter. kzread.info/dash/bejne/X4yAsJdufNmZg7Q.htmlm15s ... the preceding video is kzread.info/dash/bejne/YnV4z7WMlbPbnc4.html if you're interested.

Throughout the video there is an interesting particle formation on on you shirt... where the leptons and their neutrinos interact! First direct observation of the W boson!?

The 2 guys will live in infamy for taking credit for Wu Chien Shiung's work and keeping the Nobel Price for themselves! Thanks, Don, for doing her justice.

@pavel9652

2 жыл бұрын

Not necessarily. I don't know the full story, but it depends on the details. Did they provide the full documentation or did they hide her contribution? If it was an external decision from the committee it is not their fault. It would ruin the prize for me myself, especially if she was my colleague.

@nmarbletoe8210

Жыл бұрын

NO it's not their fault

I try to understand...... Thanks! It helps....

So does this suggest that the weak force is an efficient way for increasing order since it will turn random direction into a certain direction, with no extra energy input to the system?

Beta decay of neutron through weak nuclear force leads to electron as well as proton? Electron has to do with difference between neutron and proton? Since difference between neutron and proton is up and down quark, does beta decay have to do with change from down quark in neutron to up quark in proton (if have description of quarks in neutrons and protons correct)? Beta decay (electron) through weak force from down quark in neutron change to up quark in proton from strong nuclear force demonstrates relationship between weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force?

Force (physics) does not exist physically in the same way that an object with mass, thus making it “not” the initial cause of pushing, pulling, shaping objects, motion, work or being a Vector Quantity (Magnitude + Direction). In physics, the word, “Force” as we know it, turns out to be nothing more than an expression to express an idea, like one would use the word “Love” to express one's feelings. But, physics and in mathematics, still use “Force” as thou it were something physical that could enable the initial cause of motion making it counterintuitive. Example: Without applying the Energy from within you, choose an object of your choices to push and pull by simply applying “only” the Force or Net Force. Meaning that Energy (applied energy) is the origin of motion and not “Force”. Once Energy (E) is applied, it creates what is known as Momentum (p). When this Momentum (object in motion) comes in contact with another object(s), it makes a surface contact that will enable you to push and pull. Example: Ep=ma, Ep=mv and so on. Note: Ep is not to be confused as Kinetic Energy in any way. Momentum represents things like work, wave, gravity, light, lightning, tsunami, earthquake, current, electricity, motion, magnetism, hurricane, etc. Without Energy, there is no Momentum. Without Momentum, there is no surface contact on an object(s) to push, pull, work, shaping objects, motion, etc. Momentum does not and cannot exist without the applied Energy that creates it. Energy and Momentum or “Ep” is the one and only common denominator that links all fundamental forces of nature. Without Ep, all fundamental forces of nature would be inert and non-existence. Energy is energy, but it’s when Energy (E) is being applied that creates the Momentum (p) making it the initial cause of motion. Example: Ep. By applying the right amount of Energy, nothing is immovable or unstoppable. ~ Guadalupe Guerra

Stability of nucleus depends on density of microscopic particles in an atom. During formation of nucleus some of these particles are lost to space which reduces the density & induces attractive force b/w protons. As atoms get heavier density of microscopic particles increases. Initially it weakens attractive force and ultimately changes to repulsive force. In such case atoms can decay on their own or decay can be initiated by injecting particles to tip density balance. During decay microscopic particles are released at great speeds. This reduces density & stabilises the atoms.

Love your videos! But this one, instead of answering questions it just created more questions. Especially, when you jumped to the conclusion that this means the weak force cares about spin you should have explained why it would mean that.

Weak Force should be called Change Force and Strong Force should be Binding Force

@juvnchy

4 жыл бұрын

ok Marie

@sqwirl05

4 жыл бұрын

Except that the strong force becomes repulsive at extremely tiny, near-Planck scale distances. That's what causes degenerate neutron matter, like in neutron stars, to resist gravity's attempt to pull the matter (or crush it, if that makes more sense in a mental picture) into the infinite density state of a singularity. Without this aspect of the force, there would only be black holes, no neutron stars. So in this case, it's more of an unbinding force since it resists gravity's push to . That's quantum physics, just when you think you get a handle on it, here come the notable exceptions!

@noahzaeshorts1402

4 жыл бұрын

@@sqwirl05 As far as I know, the repulsive pressure in degenerate matter is caused by the Pauli exclusion principle, not by the strong force.

@sqwirl05

4 жыл бұрын

@@noahzaeshorts1402 My mistake, you're right. I was thinking of nucleons in general, but if the particles are the same, then, yes, the Pauli force is far stronger than the short-range strong force repulsion effect. So, the strong force repulsion keeps a proton and neutron separate by > 0.7 fm, but the Pauli force keeps two neutrons or protons apart.

@Feyser1970

4 жыл бұрын

@@sqwirl05 stop inventing things

I love Don.

Can someone help me out with 4:50... i.e. why the decay of electon or anti- neutrino would be in/opposte the direction of the spin of cobalt nucleus spin?

So...the spin is different depending on the chosen reference frame?

Pls tell me where you find all your cool t-shirts.

How was quantum spin even discovered / measured before the discovery that the weak force responds to it?

This thing is absurdly interesting.

Gee, I was sorta expecting at least a mention of electroweak unification. In particular, how did Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam manage to do that when EM doesn't care about chirality, while the weak force does? Or was that, 'beyond the scope of this text?'

@Gitohandro

6 жыл бұрын

ffggddss Go look up his video "why is the weak force weak"

Nobel prizes are given to scientists who develop new ideas based on their observations or theories. (Think Einstein). Individuals who follow up with experiments (Think Eddington) do not generally share the prize. There are countless (mostly male) brilliant scientists who are in this catagory, like Wu. That being said, she should have been recognized and awarded somehow for her brilliant work.

Start by making a playlist of all you particle physics videoxD

Why at 4:49 electron has spin +1/2? Did I misunderstand something?

The same happened with Franklin on DNA structure with Watson and Crick in the biology world.

2:45 The direction of motion is relative to the observer. This means that spin will be relative to the observer doesn't it? Which means if there are interactions involving spin direction, then they will look different for differently moving observers, right?

@alienrenders

3 жыл бұрын

You'd have to travel faster than the particle to change the relative direction. I'm not even going to think about what happens to different frames of references interacting at the quantum level.

interesting video. Good stuff

Could have a Nobel prize for experimental as well as theoretical science

3:40 I've watched this video close to a dozen times, but this is the first time I realized Dr. Lincoln is an experimental physicist, making his jab at his colleagues all the more endearing (theory and practical go hand-in-hand. They agree in principle but not in execution).

@2Sor2Fig

2 жыл бұрын

@@schmetterling4477 True, my BSc is in biochemistry, which is why I like watching this channel. Always thought the physics department were just a bunch of nerds, but I've gained a deeper appreciation for the field over time.

@2Sor2Fig

2 жыл бұрын

@@schmetterling4477 Well, I wasn't commenting on physics. I was commenting on Dr Lincoln coughing before saying "theoretical physics". You don't need any background in physics to make that observation. It's clearly just a playful jab at his fellow scientists.

@2Sor2Fig

2 жыл бұрын

@@schmetterling4477 Which doesn't explain how a knowledge of physics changes the context of his joke, hence my confusion at what point you're trying to get across.

@2Sor2Fig

2 жыл бұрын

@@schmetterling4477 My point of contention with all this is that none of what you've just said is exclusive to physics or requires any special knowledge in the field of physics to understand, those are all basic scientific principles. As an example, Watson and Crick developed the theory that DNA had a helical structure, but to prove this required x-ray crystallography to determine the structure. So they went to Wilkins and Franklin, who had the necessary skills to perform the actual experiment. It's applicable to all scientific disciplines, and I would argue speaks to the very heart of the scientific method; first you posit a theory, then assess its veracity through experimentation, which allows you to postulate new theories ad infintum. Same coin, different sides.

I cant find the electromagnetism force video. Any hint? Thanks.

Can you explain W & Z bosons please?

I tried to follow this but I still find it confusing: - At 2:16: "The direction of the spin of an object can be represented by an arrow and length can represent the amount of spin" - At 2:28: "Quantum objects don't actually spin. In addition, the spin axis has to be parallel or anti-parallel to the direction of motion" - At 4:29: "The spin of Cobalt 60 is 5 and the spin of the form of Nickel 60 into which it decays is 4. The spin of both the electron and the neutrino is a half." So, if "quantum objects don't actually spin" then why are they depicted as spinning throughout this video and what physical property do the numbers (i.e. 5, 4 and 1/2) actually measure (i.e. what is the unit for "the amount of spin")?

@dan-nutu

2 жыл бұрын

I found this "The Science Asylum" video useful to explain spin: kzread.info/dash/bejne/pGhkyY-lpdXNeKw.html

los estados de giro que menciona corresponden a 2 formas de puntos similares pero diferentes en su simetría de espacio-tiempo

She deserves the Nobel prize!

ty all gems

the spin is something I never really understood. you say the spin is aligned to the direction of motion. but motion is something relativ to a point of reference. what is the spin of a particle when watched from different inertial systems that are in movement relative to each other or whats the direction of the spin when the particle doesn't move at all?

@nmarbletoe8210

Жыл бұрын

True. What happens is that when the spin is measured, it always points aligned or counteraligned to the magnetic field that is used to measure it. If the spin was in-between before measurement, this skews the probability of the two results. But the results always are either "up or down"