I keep waiting for a deep ocean expedition to discover a living colony of trilobites.

@thecrawfish894

5 жыл бұрын

Same

@hectorvega621

5 жыл бұрын

@Selarom Ogeid wait aren't they in Endangered

@SylasTheGreat

5 жыл бұрын

@@hectorvega621 no

@hectorvega621

5 жыл бұрын

@@SylasTheGreat oh that's good.

@chinggis_khagan

5 жыл бұрын

@@hectorvega621 Guys shall we tell him? :/

So, for comedic effect let's assume you're the creator of all life on earth. At what point in the process did you get to the point where you're like _"Okay, let's take this single cell, inflate it to half a trillion times it's normal size, then have it sponge up bits of dead animals and radioactive metals and build a house out of it using it's own feces. Yeah, that's life!"_

@TheRedKnight101

7 жыл бұрын

Although I can't say for sure without knowing exactly how they grow but they likely divide as normal cells and then break down any cell membranes and wall on the interior to form one giant pseudocell

@TheDragonfriday

7 жыл бұрын

Finally a creative and well thought comment

@rsrt6910

7 жыл бұрын

It would probably be near the end. I'd have a bunch of nuclei laying around and not much else. To tired and lazy to do much more than shove them all into one cell and check out. "Yep. S'good enough for today, now beer me."

@mutantmaster1

7 жыл бұрын

Throttle Kitty It would probably go like this: "Hey God, you've got all these small bits left over from Creating life. where should I put em" *box is full of nuclei and spongy bits* "Just smush it all together in an inflated cell membrane and toss it in the ocean"

@ThrottleKitty

7 жыл бұрын

Haha, yep. "It'll survive in the ocean! Everything can survive in the ocean."

Xenophyophore vs predator was great

@TheOneWhoAsked4373

4 жыл бұрын

100th like

@ECL28E

4 жыл бұрын

It was okay, but I wish they didn't focus so much on the humans

@danieldeelite

2 жыл бұрын

Come on, get me, I'm here, covered in my own poop

@CC4real

2 жыл бұрын

🤣

@robertwerder1390

2 жыл бұрын

Haha

"fat, drunk and covered in poop is no way to go through life" "I'll show you!"

@badimaaa4a548

4 жыл бұрын

;-;

how do they reproduce? Mitosis?

@heronb.4965

7 жыл бұрын

that would be... interesting...

@Skoenner

7 жыл бұрын

Since they have so man nuclei my guess is that they just bundle up a couple of nuclei and organels and surround it with some of their cell membrane and send it off to float away.

@GarrigKitten

7 жыл бұрын

Given that it is a giant cell, I wouldn't be surprised. Though, with the shell like it is, I also wouldn't be surprised if they reproduced by budding, like a sponge.

@scrapbookstudios9871

7 жыл бұрын

budding or fragmentation would seem like the most likely, but that's an interesting question.

@Skoenner

7 жыл бұрын

Yet the fact that they have so many nuclei in one cell fascinates me. I wonder if the sheer number of mutations that would occur randomly would make sex uneccary or even obsolete.

"How does a cell that massive even exist?" Dr. Gero??

@jk844100

7 жыл бұрын

AlbinoTuxedo I see what you did there

@onyx1186

7 жыл бұрын

funny and i understand its a joke but they survive by not being round like typical cells are, or variations of being cylinder shaped, they actually are branched organic transparent tubes..

@gangstashanksta

7 жыл бұрын

HAAHA NICE!

@rsrt6910

7 жыл бұрын

I've been wondering about that every since seeing the people on mobility scooters at WalMart.

@krispinwah2784

7 жыл бұрын

AlbinoTuxedo LMAO XD

I think the real question is how in the hell did they reach that deep of the ocean in 1883?!

@isopodslug6365

4 жыл бұрын

Probally a trawl was dragged along the sea floor and one of these got caught in it

@combativeThinker

2 жыл бұрын

Diving bell.

This channel never ceases to amaze and inspire

@culwin

7 жыл бұрын

...as long as you don't read the comment section

@vanessahayes6471

7 жыл бұрын

+culwin What a shocking fact.

@JesusRodriguez-zy3wj

10 ай бұрын

This channel is...partially correct. I have held in my hands single cells that are 1.5 pounds. I have in my body single cells which are four feet long.

Could these guys be used to remove heavy metals from contaminated water sources?

@Snehu

7 жыл бұрын

LOOOL

@connorshea9085

7 жыл бұрын

Too fragile

@Balancinglife

7 жыл бұрын

Joseph Fuller that sounds like their Job.plain and simple.

@nosuchthing8

6 жыл бұрын

Music hater!

@scaper8

5 жыл бұрын

@@Callimo Possibly, but not necessarily. If they are particularly good and absorbing metals just by happenstance or as a means to help harden their shells, toxic and/or radioactive metals and compounds may be just as dangerous to them as anything else. Just because they can and are efficient at absorbing them, doesn't mean it is good for them or even if it isn't out right bad for them. There's just so much that we simply do not know, that we really can't say.

You seemed to suggest that in most organisms different tissues have different nuclei which isn't true. The reason a cell that big would need multiple nuclei isn't because it needs to perform different roles, its because it would need much more DNA for templates to make all the protein a giant cell needs.

@morganthem

7 жыл бұрын

James Fidge relevant www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-07/963515267.Cb.r.html

@desolation0

7 жыл бұрын

I agree it wasn't worded well. Still it could actually be that nuclei in different regions of the single cell specialize in their expression of various genes, like cells in different tissues in multicellular organisms. While each nucleus contains the same package of DNA the expression and suppression of certain parts of that DNA can make for massive differences functionally. Of course just needing more stuff like you said could be just as valid.

@jakekimds

7 жыл бұрын

The nucleus also stores other data that is different for each cell. Basically what the others said.

1:27 I can't not imagine Hank with his finger over his mouth like dr. evil, when he says "100 billionnnn human cells".

@BrentU

7 жыл бұрын

haha I can't get that image out of my head

@tinamclaughlin1991

5 жыл бұрын

The use what's handy, or Hiney! Very macabre for a single cell. Go life!

@landon5279

5 жыл бұрын

uh

I was under the impression that cells couldn't get very big because their volume increases at a faster rate than their surface area, so it becomes much more difficult to transport food and waste between the middle of the cell and the cell membrane.

@MSpacer

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah, if you have a big cell it's hard for any central organelles to diffuse their products around the cell. I think that's the main issue. Of course, the xenophyophore doesn't have central organelles.

@InSanic13

6 жыл бұрын

Looks to me like the Xenophyophore is heavily folded and thin, which would help with the volume issue.

@revimfadli4666

3 жыл бұрын

Can't have difficulty transferring stuff through membranes between cells if there wasn't any membrane in the first place

@JesusRodriguez-zy3wj

10 ай бұрын

You're partially correct BUT, there are single cells that have a circulatory system to do this. On several occasions I have held in my hands single cells that weigh about 1.5 pounds....and that some women eat while others put on their head.

@jokercardzz

6 ай бұрын

Xenophyophores actually hold on to their poop...they don't really get rid of their waste. The only thing they produce that can be found around them is barium

We should suck out the oceans so we can explore it better

@amedicabg

7 жыл бұрын

François Maspuche I think you are too

@renshammar

7 жыл бұрын

If one is being sarcastic about being sarcastic, is it still sarcasm?

@josiahklein70

7 жыл бұрын

renshammar Yeah, that probably counts.

@josephfox9221

7 жыл бұрын

dont be ridiculous where would we put all the water? I guess on the moon but we would need a big hose

@yorusuyasoul69420

7 жыл бұрын

Armchair just use sponge to drain it

This is why I generally accept the chance that any "alien life" we encounter will probably be overlooked and classified in its own category until it figures out if/how to show/tell us it's alive.

Proportionately, if human cells were that large, we would be nearly 2 km tall

@horner385

7 жыл бұрын

James Rosso WAAAAYY larger than that we would almost get into space by jumping

@josephfox9221

7 жыл бұрын

Attack on titian?

@Borednesss

7 жыл бұрын

Approximating both xenophyophores and red blood cells as a sphere, and assuming 100 billion red blood cells fit into a xenophyophore.. and if all of our cells were as tiny as red blood cells, we'd be about 9.84 km tall. But red blood cells are like 10 times smaller than most cells so it'd be 10 times less than that. Hard to say actually, kind of a weird problem that deserves more thought and better measurements!

@justincameron9123

7 жыл бұрын

Erin Yeager's titan form is 15 m tall, colossal titan is 60 m tall so not even close honestly

@death00124

7 жыл бұрын

We'd be titans then

I'm going to miss this show when KZread cost 19.99 a hour to watch

@RobinTheBot

5 жыл бұрын

Never happening. 11.99 per month. About $0.01 per hour. And I am helping to end the adpocalypse while also not being affected by it, so that's a double-win for Red.

@Lolibeth

4 жыл бұрын

how's that going for you?

Xenophyophores, because screw cell theory right?

@TheRedKnight101

7 жыл бұрын

Some algae and even some sponges do something similar, they form normal cells then degrade the inner cell membranes and cell walls.

@maxalej

7 жыл бұрын

Refael Cohen Nature gives a crap about humansade up by humans :)

@xweto100

7 жыл бұрын

Well, humans do have cells with multiple nuclei as well. It´s called a syncytium. For example a skeletal muscle fiber is a syncytium.

@mimerafm3794

7 жыл бұрын

wtf is cell theory?

@monarchofvegetables960

7 жыл бұрын

Cells are small because they require a high Surface Area to volume ratio in order exchange waste with materials needed for cellular processes. Xenophyophores actually do get around this as they increase their surface area by folding, in part reducing the problem.

Is there a way to artificially increase the pressure of a water tank in order to try to replicate deep ocean environments? Like squeeze on the walls or something?

@cheesychaza

7 жыл бұрын

Cheeki Breeki only to a very minuscule amount yes the only reason deep water has a lot of pressure is because of the forces acting on it from all the water around it which add up unless you can make a water that's more dense and has the same properties as water but I can imagine this would be very expensive

@joshwillis1726

7 жыл бұрын

What water's incompressibility really means is that it effectively does not change in volume in response to pressure. This does not mean that it cannot be pressurized. Water is a hydraulic fluid, which is useful when you are trying to transmit power through a flexible pipe, like in a backhoe. For backhoes, we actually use an oil with similar properties. We do make water pressure vessels all the time, most of the ones I have heard of are for testing machinery to be used in deep water conditions.

@christianhoffmann8252

7 жыл бұрын

It can be compressed. And it is possible to create high water pressure in laboratories. But I guess there are a bunch of other aspects one would have to replicate like chemical environment.

@miguelruiz2785

7 жыл бұрын

it doesn't matter what adds the pressure, they pressurice air above the water so it forces the water down and recrates the pressure in the deepsea

@michaelbuckers

7 жыл бұрын

Sure there are plenty of ways to pressurize water. It's just deep oceans pressure is so huge there's no material strong enough to withstand all of it if built to adequate size. But if you only want a tiny samples, we've got diamond anvils where you can pressurize hydrogen so hard it becomes a metal.

Uh oh. North Korea's going to start a Xenophyophore fishing program.

@generalgrievous2202

5 жыл бұрын

Nah they already have to many of those

There are macroscopic multinucleate cells on land too in the form of plasmodial slime molds. I don't know if you've done an episode on slime molds already but if you haven't, I'd love to see it. Cellular slime molds are even more interesting and may even hold clues as to how differentiation of cells first evolved.

I'd love to see one of these things split in mitosis, if that's how they reproduce.

@JesusRodriguez-zy3wj

10 ай бұрын

Probably by budding. However, I have seen and held in my hands, a single cell that weighed 1.5 pounds. Also, I have, in my body, millions of single cells that are 5 feet long. While these are not separate organisms, there are much larger single cells than these known.

Maybe this sort of creature will yield clues as to how genetic engineering could create life forms that clean up radioactive contamination from Fukushima and make the Pacific clean again?

@estromberg5153

4 жыл бұрын

I mean we've already got cryptococcus neoformans (very slowly) helping to clear up Chernobyl

As an older person, I can't help but see a parallel between the early forms of life and the strange early forms of computers we saw in the 1970's. A lot of architectures were tried, now the landscape is dominated by only a few, but some few others still have their niches.

Are ya ready kids? I can't here you... OOOHHHHHH!!! Who lives in a poop fortress under the sea?

@jerichooblivion5406

5 жыл бұрын

And radioactive and fragile is he!

@glowingfish

5 жыл бұрын

Came here for this

@generalgrievous2202

5 жыл бұрын

Xenobob phorepants!

@SonicXRage

4 жыл бұрын

Xenobob Poop-pants!

@AskMia411

3 жыл бұрын

This comment thread is a blessing, thanks guys!

Really good video. Squid also have some giant cells (not this large, but significantly larger than most neurons) that are formed from the fusion of many cells. They need multiple nuclei because it would take too long (and too much energy) to transport mRNA and then proteins that are made based on the nuclear DNA throughout such a large cell. So having many nuclei distributed throughout the extraordinarily large cell volume allows it to survive and respond to changes in the environment in a realistic time frame.

One of my favorite episodes. Just was really well done!

Matpat over on Game Theory got me to come here, awesome video, new sub here man

@mixmaster6226

6 жыл бұрын

EvilMedabotic samee

MatPat watched the video. And then he had an idea.

@analyticalbiomachine4517

6 жыл бұрын

Kirby :D

@shiningarmor2838

6 жыл бұрын

But hey, that's just a theory, a cell theory! Thanks for watching.

@sadiaaa1373

5 жыл бұрын

Kirby 😂🤣

Thats cool that they contain so many types of nuclei

Wow. These Xenophyomorphs are pretty cool.

I love this show. They're always finding such fascinating subjects

This is so cool!! I love learning from these videos 😊

this video was totally brilliant and hilarious! Hank, you are an absolute pro :)

Great stuff, thank you!

Great episode!

how does this obey the law of cell Volume to Surface Area ratio. I see it has grooves but they are still too big. It shouldn't be able manage to remove all that waste with the large intake?

One of their best.

Quality's going up. Good stuff.

EXCEPT! ... That they are super weird. With this subtle facial expression. Frickin kills me lol. Really helps set the tone for what is about to be a delivery of factual information on your level, rather than a condescending one from a higher intellectual authority that is just here to tell you what is and what isn't. That and the short and catchy intro tune is prolly what keeps me coming back.

Very interesting, thank you

You always give me the best inspirations for roleplaying games.

Perfect video to watch on breakfast

This one was really interesting!

I'm not saying it's aliens.. but it's aliens

@cursedcliff7562

5 жыл бұрын

*Ayyliensss lmao*

this is yet the funniest scishow episode ever lol

And here I thought the Radioactive Poop Monster was just something out of my nightmares.

"Just a spoonful of humor makes the science go down..." (in a good way.)

very interesting epissode!

Hank, u are great!

So they concentrate (some) metals. Am I the only one who then thought "manganese nodules"? Nobody knows how or why manganese nodules form, although one hypothesis is that they're biogenic. They kinda look similar too, although the scales are different and the similarity is almost certainly coincidental. Still...

@telluride3577

7 жыл бұрын

You have a point...

awesome thanks

Okay with it? I love it!

But is it really one contiguous cell membrane? wouldn't that create problems if the cell gets ruptured at any given point? A microscopic view would be interesting to show.

That is so fantastic! Makes me want to spend the rest of my life going....WHY?

That's so cool!!

Cool thanks!

Giant single celled organisms are just real life JRPG slimes. ...except they’re not nearly as cute.

Hey! I'm a marine biology student and i would love if yous would collate all your videos under that title, or even under an aquatic one to include freshwater, likewise for crash course. 10/10 for quality, i love this channel :)

So it's basically like a tremendous amalgamate of cells into a single cell. A multi-core gigantic cell.

Xenophyophores are the powerhouse of the ocean.

PBS Eons sent me here. Fascinating organisms, these xenophyophores.

thx for this ha bisky vid i am not here yet i just accidentally deleted it from my playlist and took it as a sign that i should just watch it before i forget about it i love all of these awesome videos

I just love that prefix: Xeno! It's meaning of alien form. From another planet or a strange land.

radioactive unbelievable!

2:21 "poop cement" Marvelous.

just the info I needed to live my life in peace

I'm a simple man; I see a video about xenophyophores, I like

What did the cell say to his sister when she step on his toe? Mitosis

I've heard of crappy housing standards. But, this takes the yellow cake!

The movie called Lucy has the same type of concept. All the cells from her (Lucy) body are becoming independent and I guess, probably using the same method to survive. It's just a thought.

Awesome

I've always wanted to know more about these things

@ostrakos4785

7 жыл бұрын

Spin same here

2.30 I don't know why I laughed so hard hahahaha, what a weird organism.

The wolf didn't mess with the little piggy that built it's house out of 💩!

Maybe SciShow should do a compilation of animals that wouldn't be out of place on an alien planet. The two that come to my mind are the xenophyophore and... ah geez, I can't remember... it's translucent and is vaguely shaped like a fish but isn't a fish and most of its closest relatives don't move much at all.

*BRUTAL*

I thought this had something to do with Xenomorphs from Aliens

finally the world is complete, an animal that is made of rock and metal, time to watch out in space

thanks

Came here from PBS Eons. Love this organism. So weird.

thats some cool creature

OMG! I'm a Xenophyophore! All I do is lie around in my own crap, absorb nutrients (mostly beer), produce a impenetrable exoskeleton (thick skin), and love life. I am also multi-nucleated to enable me to create 'any' protein I may need to survive at a moment's notice. How cool is that? Wish you were a Xenophyophore too? Sorry. In the words of Lady Gaga, you have to be 'born this way'. Fortunately I was and life is good. BTW.. you rock Frank! I know I'm twice your age, but I've been a fan here from day one. Rock on Frank! Rock on Sci-Show! - Les

I remember being amazed by these things when I first read about them as a kid. I mean, giant cells? How cool is that? I'm all about space exploration, and would prefer most of our money go to that, but maybe just a teensy bit could go to building a super-sub for ocean exploration?

"poop cement" quote of the year

It's not giant, it's T H I C C

@generalgrievous2202

5 жыл бұрын

Bad joke please leave

So then what makes this a single cell? The lack of a cell membrane between its nuclei?

Huge tracts of land

@iamvmanonkongregate

7 жыл бұрын

Are they susceptible to cattle raids?

freaking weird and freaking interesting!

One nucleus isn't what causes cell to do just one specific thing, that's the job of differentiation. Many, many protists only have one nucleus and are perfectly happy with it.

we know more about the moon of a planet 9 billion light years away than we do our own ocean

Thanks MatPat

Man. I wish my life was as simple as a Xenophyophore. Just chill out and wait. No real worries.

How does cellular signaling even work at that kind of scale? How do its nuclei communicate and cooperate with each other? And how does it maintain a metabolism while its components are spread out in such a huge cytoplasm? There are so many questions to ask about these weird things...

It sounds like these could be a really good indicator species for degree of metal poisoning in our oceans. We should try to compare the metal content of ones found all over to our expectations of what the dangerous metal content should be where they are found. We should also try to figure out if taking in so much metal is natural part of how they survive or if it's a new development in them do to human activity and a weakness in their survival strategy.

very good +sub

I read it as Xenomorphs and got excited...

I knew immediately that the wrinkles are absolutely essential for osmosis.

The one undone button on his collar bugged me the whole time.

getting on the xenomorph, uh I mean xenophyophore train? Shaame on you guys.

2:34 BIG OL' SUPER MUTANT CRAPS!