The Soviet Wonder Drug that Beat Penicillin

Ойын-сауық

Gramicidin S was one of the earliest, and most groundbreaking antibiotics ever developed. The product of a war torn Europe, Gramicidin S was discovered around the same time as Penicillin, and much like its more well known counterpart, saved countless lives during WWII.
Throughout both World Wars, the infection of wounds was a major condition and major killer. While the first World War was without any effective treatment for infections (and thus had massive casualties due to disease), such treatments began to be developed during the second World War. Antibiotics, drugs that directly target disease causing bacteria, were a gamechanger which saved countless lives both on and off the battlefield. While western scientists worked on Penicillin, the Soviets would quickly develop their own antibiotic known as Gramicidin S. Gramicidin S proved incredibly effective in the treatment of external wounds, and while it lacked internal applications, it nonetheless saved countless lives for the Soviets during WWII.
The development of Gramicidin S was nothing short of a miracle, both for its incredible curative effects, but also due to the bizarre scientific climate of the Soviet Union during its early years. One of the USSR's leading scientific figures, Trofim Lysenko, instituted an absurd, ascientific view of the world over the Soviet scientific community, dubbed "Lysenkoism." While this political doctrine suppressed much of Soviet biology and genetics, the developers of Gramicidin S were given free reign to pursue their research due to the sheer importance of the drug. Thanks to this, the USSR was able to actually develop their own antibiotics, and maintain some semblance of medicine in their country.
Check out ‪@That_Chemist‬'s vid here: • Which Chemical is the ...
Sources:
1) The Local Use of Sulfonamide Drugs; G. Crile Jr.; 1943.
2) The History of Antibiotics. A Symposium; American Institute of the History of Pharmacy; 1980.
3) The Discovery of Gramicidin S: the Intellectual Transformation of G. F. Gause from Biologist to Researcher of Antibiotics and on its Meaning for the Fate of Russian Genetics; Y. M. Gall, M. B. Konashev; 2003.
4) Gramicidin S and its Use in the Treatment of Infected Wounds; G. F. Gause, M. G. Brazhnikova; 1944.
5) Nonlamellar Phases Induced by the Interaction of Gramicidin S with Lipid Bilayers. A Possible Relationship to Membrane-Disrupting Activity; E. J. Prenner, R. N. A. H. Lewis, K. C. Neuman, S. M. Gruner, L. H. Kondejewski, R. S. Hodges, R. N. McElhaney; 1997.
6) The Perversion Of Knowledge: The True Story Of Soviet Science; V. J. Birstein; 2002.
Twitch: / ciggy_snake
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Music used: pastebin.com/wPJRTJsN
Chapters:
0:00 - Intro
0:41 - WWII
2:32 - Georgy Gause and Gramicidin S
4:48 - Limitations of Gramicidin S
6:22 - Lysenkoism
9:31 - Gramicidin S in the Modern Era
10:09 - Outro
Thanks:
Arisu
Joey
Walter
Brett
Vinguin
Daga
Kalani
CTO
#antibiotics #ussr #sovietunion
This video is an opinion and in no way should be construed as statements of fact. All references, articles, and posts come from publicly available websites, forums, and documents, and are linked in the description. Any errors or inaccuracies should be thought of as accidental and unintentional.

Пікірлер: 48

  • @justinliu7788
    @justinliu77886 ай бұрын

    Who came from That Chemist?

  • @Sniperboy5551

    @Sniperboy5551

    6 ай бұрын

    Probably all of us, quite frankly

  • @Fer--

    @Fer--

    6 ай бұрын

    @@Sniperboy5551 fr

  • @Razoredge581
    @Razoredge5816 ай бұрын

    Nailed it man, hadn't ever heard of Gramicidin S before but it's a really cool bit of history

  • @kbrady4287
    @kbrady42876 ай бұрын

    This video is a well-organized account of a little known but important antibiotic. The historical account is particularly interesting providing the viewer with a sense of how politics highly influenced research during this time. Great job Ciggy!

  • @TheNess19
    @TheNess196 ай бұрын

    nice vid ciggy

  • @Vincent-rd4rg
    @Vincent-rd4rg6 ай бұрын

    Great video Ciggy! You did a great job of making all the chemistry nonsense understandable. The story's also pretty fascinating! looking forward to your next vid~

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Thanks Vingo, glad you enjoyed the vid and that it all made sense.

  • @GorbachevsSon
    @GorbachevsSon6 ай бұрын

    You are so underrated. This is especially true considering how important this research is. Keep it up!!!

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Thank you very much man, yeah it's a really interesting topic.

  • @vhasteil
    @vhasteil6 ай бұрын

    Nice video, I rarely find information about Soviet science I have to say though, a lot of history about Stalin and his role in the Soviet government is still ultimately based on anecdotes from anticommunist propaganda, some of it you can even trace back to nazi journals. The media has built a common sense that doesn't reflect how polemic this topic is among historians. We should always try to check the historians' objectives, biases and how concrete the evidences are. Some historians I consider serious that I rebember right now are Hobbsbawn, Grover Furr and Douglas Tottle. I recommend checking them out!

  • @vhasteil

    @vhasteil

    6 ай бұрын

    I also must say that I did not expect to hear Celeste soundtrack in the background, absolutely loved it!

  • @pyxelpanda
    @pyxelpanda6 ай бұрын

    very cool vid! i’m currently a student pursuing pharmacy, and content that you and ThatChemist make is super helpful and keeping me inspired about chemistry. thank you and keep it up!

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Of course, glad you enjoyed it. The chemistry behind these sorts of things is really fascinating.

  • @manekrit2417
    @manekrit24176 ай бұрын

    Really good research

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Appreciated, I do my best to have solid research for my vids.

  • @vexium5146
    @vexium51466 ай бұрын

    Ciggy is so cool and awesome swag

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Real

  • @mynameismrsnrub

    @mynameismrsnrub

    6 ай бұрын

    true!

  • @Fhazo
    @Fhazo6 ай бұрын

    Woooooow! Very interesting Also nice combination of history and biology

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    100%, it's a neat bit of history and a cool bit of science

  • @cezarcatalin1406
    @cezarcatalin14066 ай бұрын

    When USSR did something: "They did this nice thing BUT I am ideologically required to remind everyone that Stalin and Lysenko were very bad people even if it didn't play a detrimental role in the story about the thing I am talking about." When the USA did something: "They did this with government money and gifted the patent/intellectual rights to a company that manufactured much more of the good thing cause stonks. Countless lives saved, no other bad things happened and I won't remind everyone that the US government did other very bad things. The CIA did not test new drugs and bio weapons on their black civilian population, they did not intentionally infect poor people with HIV, the pharmaceutical companies are not leveraging old intellectual property laws to extract money from sick patients to this very day, the millions of people who died as a result of what the US government and private corporations did (and are still doing) is too hard to count, we can't know for sure, we'll pretend it didn't happen or if it did it was no ones fault in particular. No, the US is not providing legal coverage under the first amendment for pseudo-scientists like Andrew Wakefield who experimented on autistic children in the UK to make people afraid of vaccines and expand his snakeoil business."

  • @vhasteil

    @vhasteil

    6 ай бұрын

    Unfortunately the red scare propaganda during the cold war was so strong in the media it formed a common sense that still lingers, even if it doesn't reflect how polemic the debate around Stalin and his role in the government is among historians. Though, I'm glad to see more and more people are aware that history based on anecdotes should be looked critically consideiring the objectives and biases of the historians.

  • @THYZOID
    @THYZOID6 ай бұрын

    Interesting!

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    It really is

  • @Vampyr_000
    @Vampyr_0006 ай бұрын

    Good Channel

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    I try to do my best here, thanks

  • @Sniperboy5551
    @Sniperboy55516 ай бұрын

    I would love to see a video on arsphenamine

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Looking into arsphenamine, it's an interesting compound and similarly an interesting piece of history, the whole rise of antibiotic compounds in the first half of the 20th century is both fascinating and miraculous. By sheer coincidence I worked on this vid along with a different video for another channel specifically looking at various antibiotics (I mention it at the end of this one), and arsphenamine would have been a solid addition to that.

  • @chemdelic
    @chemdelic6 ай бұрын

    Keep it up big dawg

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    That's what I plan to do man

  • @Sniperboy5551
    @Sniperboy55516 ай бұрын

    This is neat, chemistry along with history… especially since it’s Soviet history.

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Yeah it's a cool topic, I actually have a degree in chemistry so it's fun to (slightly) flex it and talk about the subject.

  • @Fylasfrommabi
    @Fylasfrommabi5 ай бұрын

    for a second I thought they are talking about kustrozin and was like... what... XD

  • @williambradley611
    @williambradley6116 ай бұрын

    I found this through that chemist

  • @jafinch78
    @jafinch786 ай бұрын

    Gets me thinking about Phage Therapy.

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    Phage therapy as an area of research and mode of treatment was popular at that time, yeah.

  • @killscreen7519
    @killscreen75195 ай бұрын

    The photo of "the muck" @ 1:03 is a WWI photo

  • @killscreen7519

    @killscreen7519

    5 ай бұрын

    From Frank Hurley, Château Wood, 1917

  • @adrianwolff2007
    @adrianwolff20075 ай бұрын

    I get no notification in my subscribed channel list, whats happening?

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    5 ай бұрын

    No clue, KZread is only so reliable. Ring the bell if you want more consistent alerts

  • @MySuperhappyfuntime
    @MySuperhappyfuntime6 ай бұрын

    Ooooh soviet antibiotic video. Nice

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    A niche topic, but a neat one imo

  • @mynameismrsnrub
    @mynameismrsnrub6 ай бұрын

    yeah sure but it's still not as powerful as flintstones gummies

  • @CiggySnake

    @CiggySnake

    6 ай бұрын

    The USSR would not have fallen if they had those early on

  • @theodorekorehonen
    @theodorekorehonen6 ай бұрын

    Kind of a misleading title, no?

  • @theodorekorehonen

    @theodorekorehonen

    6 ай бұрын

    It would seem that penicillin superseded this antibiotic that "beat penicillin" when it became available. Also an antibiotic that is not systemic can hardly be said to be better than penicillin

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