Although Mount Baker has not produced another caldera forming eruption since the Kulshan Caldera, the threat of a repeat event of a lesser magnitude remains. This volcano does have an unusually large magma chamber, although its recent eruptions have been quite small. During the 1800s, Mount Baker erupted 17 times and was even more active than Mount Saint Helens during that century (which had 12 eruptions). If by chance you have a photo of the thick white ash beds from the Kulshan Caldera, feel free to email me them at tccatron@asu.edu. You might find a layer of white ash embedded in rock nearby if you live in the area outlined in this video which experienced >6 inches of ashfall.

@Lessinath

2 жыл бұрын

I have a sample of an unidentified white ash layer from near Mount Baker that a relative gathered while on a road trip. I do not know if it is this same eruption or a different one.

@MrThhg

2 жыл бұрын

Can you do a video about the McDermitt Caldera in southern Oregon? The caldera apparently has some of the highest concentrations of Lithium in the United States. anyways great videos! plz and thxs you!

@pon2oon

2 жыл бұрын

The continental US has all these massive and dormant volcanos, but they almost never erupt.

@doxielain2231

2 жыл бұрын

@@pon2oon ah, human timescales, how quaint

@pon2oon

2 жыл бұрын

@@doxielain2231 Yes, maybe it's for the best.

As someone who lives where ash would fall should a large eruption occur in the Cascades, you had me panicking when I first saw the title of the video with the word "recent" in it. Then as the video went on I remembered what the term "recent" means to geologists.

@Leyrann

2 жыл бұрын

Don't worry, Crater Lake only formed some 8000 years ago and was bigger than this one! Or worry, your choice. :P

@NLoett

2 жыл бұрын

@@Leyrann I choose not to worry. I've studied volcanology enough to know that the big ones are extremely rare and unlikely to happen in our lifetime. That being said, that same knowledge means I know what could happen when it eventually does happen, so seeing a fresh post of a "recent" megaeruption got the adrenaline going for a second.

@GeologyHub

2 жыл бұрын

Yep, recent is relative to geologists. For some who work in ancient cratons such as Hudson Bay, “recent” means anything younger than 400 million years

I live in Washington State near Mount Baker, and to watch this was very fascinating. I certainly hope there won't be a repeat of this in my lifetime

I need like a volcano primer for dummies where you discuss the various terms, rock types and the basic recipe for formation of volcanos. You obviously know your stuff so well but I do not. Would be nice to understand the terms and processes you discuss. Thanks for all your hard work putting these together. This is my new favorite channel!

@lynneperg6853

2 жыл бұрын

There are some good rock identification books out there. Don't get a difficult one at first. Ask a geology teacher to recommend one.

@harrietharlow9929

2 жыл бұрын

You might enjoy a book called 'Fire and Ice: the Cascade Volcanoes". I live on the Kitsap and I try to keep an.eye on Ranier, Glacier Peak, and Baker.

I remember this being the volcano everyone was worried about when I was a kid, not St Helens. We even joked about it erupting while camping in the national forests around it. Then St. Helens goes and throws a fit overnight and everybody seemed to forget about Baker. I think this is the first video I have seen even calling attention to its potential danger.

@GeologyHub

2 жыл бұрын

Mount Baker is surprisingly active, or at least it was in the 1800s

@socket_error1000

2 жыл бұрын

@@GeologyHub I seem to recall reports of a few steam venting episodes on Baker in the 70s but like I said I was a kid then so not sure of the dates. I know it was before 75 because we camped up there that year after we got run out of the Olympics by a forest fire and there had already been some of these events.

@StuffandThings_

2 жыл бұрын

Considering the potential failed intrusion in the 70's it definitely deserves some attention. I've never really heard any concern about it erupting though, the hype has definitely died a lot in that case. Interesting, considering all the major rivers that flow off of it and the heavy glaciation, not to mention all the surrounding towns. Either way its a lovely mountain, incredibly underrated in all aspects in my opinion.

There is a eruption you should cover about Mt Rainier which leveled over a thousand feet of summit in a Mt St Helen’s type of eruption and caused the massive Lahar known as the Oceola Mudflow which created land where the cities of Tacoma and other parts of the Puget Sound.

@jakealter5504

2 жыл бұрын

I think it got mentioned in the mount rainier video

@equarg

2 жыл бұрын

Oh yes. It’s why the town of Orting property values will not go up. They are smack dab in lahar territory.

@harrietharlow9929

2 жыл бұрын

Did it ever get over to the Kitsap Peninsula? Just wondering.

@BubbaSimmz

2 жыл бұрын

When I lived in Tukwila, my apartment advertised by being the tallest apartment in Tukwila - giving an amazing view of Rainier. Over time it really set in - as astoundingly beautiful as it is, my god is that a risky place to live….

The cascade range has to be one of the most interesting geologic settings

It’s always crazy when you get to the end of describing these massive eruptions that devastate huge areas, and then they get classified as a VEI6 and I realize there are two magnitudes higher…

i always watch your videos man and they really helped me pass my geology exams

And that, boys and girls, is why you never lend money to a geologist… to them, a million years is recent.

Thanks for covering these little known volcanoes. The Cascades are well known, but the individual mtns. & calderas, not so much, unless 1 is a local. A km.-deep ashfall is impressive, & stands as a reminder of what these pimples are capable of. Again, thanks for the great info.

Thanks for another great video. I live about 29miles from Mount Baker so this video was extra interesting and informative.

@cmw184

2 жыл бұрын

Yo another bellinghaminite Lol

Great videos! It would be nice to know some of the chemistry behind these eruptions. Why does the mixing of the two magma types provoke an explosive eruption?

@General_Proton

2 жыл бұрын

Unknown Eagle The Official Earthquake Guy on KZread can show you exactly.

@charlesfletcher3347

2 жыл бұрын

Add water flash to steam pressure from heat builds up hydrogen seperates from oxygen boom you have a hydrogen explosion. Best and simplest way i can explain

@bmkscorpion

2 жыл бұрын

Hi! Geo student. In a subduction zone the colliding plate, the Juan de Fuca, scrapes along underneath the NA plate. To create a melt in the lithosphere we can either raise the temperature, lower the pressure, or add volatiles into it, called flux melting. As the melt grows, fed by the subduction and asthenospheric convection, it builds up and we get these hot spots, that feed the volcanoes. The thing is, the type of eruption is dependent on a few things, one of which is composition. Oceanic crust tends to be very dense, very low silica content, which is why it makes very low viscous, very runny lava. Continental crust on the other hand is very high silica, so it is very viscous, and produces high SO2 releases. This plus steam flash leads to bigger explosions

@annychest718

2 жыл бұрын

Siezmic activity begins under the ocean..and travels through tectonic boundries

@annychest718

2 жыл бұрын

@@charlesfletcher3347 ringwoodite produces water

Its funny to hear you pronounce things near me. Living here I never realized that some of those words might be pronounced differently by someone else. Also can you do a feature on the chocolate hills in the Philippines? I went there, it's pretty cool.

@GeologyHub

2 жыл бұрын

I might be able to cover those unusual karst-terrain caused features!

@Justintime2grow

2 жыл бұрын

@@GeologyHub They're really cool. We climbed to the top of one to see the whole field of them. I'd be interested to know why they're there and how they got there. Thanks!

@colonelkernal297

2 жыл бұрын

I thought he was a computer

@jerrynix5206

2 жыл бұрын

@Rob R 🤣🤣🤣

@nateb4543

2 жыл бұрын

From Oregon and this happens all the time. From counties even to popular street names catches me iff guard

The Wa cascades are littered with ghost volcanoes. Meaning volcanoes that have had their time of activity and lost their magma chamber went dormant. Eventually being eroded away. Goat Rocks is a example of this eroding away process. Some day all 5 volcanoes in Wa will slowly follow the path as the Goat Rocks volcano.

@trossk

2 жыл бұрын

Ahhh a Nick Z fan. 😀😀

It's a miracle we haven't had any devastating eruptions in North America for this long. I think that's why so many people are so interested because all our volcanoes have made lots of threats over the years but haven't had a truly massive eruption that devastated massive areas in awhile but we all know what our volcanoes are capable of and it's a bit nerve racking!

@chrisrifkin3670

2 жыл бұрын

Other than At Helen's we are quite overdue

@jedimindtricks7589

2 жыл бұрын

There is basically a lull in activity when it comes to volcanoes on the westcoast and in states like Nevada, Utah or Arizona. However sometime this will end and activity will start to pick up again. There is an ongoing EQ swarm under St.helens attributed to movement of fluids, lets see what that is going to lead to.....

@chrisrifkin3670

2 жыл бұрын

@@jedimindtricks7589 St Helens, 3 Sisters and Hood have all shown varying degrees of awakening

@jedimindtricks7589

2 жыл бұрын

@@chrisrifkin3670 Yes, we might be at the end of this quiet period and enter a new period of activity.

I had no idea... Powerful eruption in Washington. Very thick ash fall.

I grew up near Maple Falls, seeing Mt. Baker every day, and had no idea it had such an intense history! Your videos are amazing, thank you for all the time you put into them!

You should cover more ancient mega eruptions from the cascades region

@Gizathecat2

2 жыл бұрын

I think Nick Zentner has a video about ancient “ghost volcanos” in WA State.

@watsisname

2 жыл бұрын

Nick Zenter's video on "Supervolcanoes in the Pacific Northwest" (yes, seriously) is also excellent. When you go back about 10-20 million years ago, the volcanic activity here is connected to the movement of the Yellowstone hotspot. Or rather, the North American plate moving over it.

Your description of the landscape of the pre caldera situation ... 02:20 ... remind me on the Campi Flegrei near Naples. Nice video 🖐🏼👴🏼

Like the other volcanoes in the Cascade range, we climbers smell a modest bit of hydrogen sulfide during ascents. Playing Frisbee on Baker's summit is a hoot, too.

In geology recent has a whole different meaning! Great video.

That's definitely one I've never heard of 🙂 excellent work 👍

Recent subscriber to this channel and really enjoy these videos..Thanks for all the info.

There’s 2 spots on the west coast that could have a eruption like that one day the first spot is right below South Sister volcano in Oregon and the other spot is Clear Lake volcanic field in California.

@outlawbillionairez9780

2 жыл бұрын

He covered the uplift near South Sister recently.

@LadyAnuB

2 жыл бұрын

His prediction on the Clear Lake volcanic field was phreatic eruptions. (I was definitely curious about this one as I live in Sonoma County.)

Ty for talking about things in my state. I live this so much

I was curious to know how are scientists able to date past eruptions so far back? Are these dates accurate or guesses? Thank you for very informative videos!

@GeologyHub

2 жыл бұрын

I have an upcoming video which specifically covers this; it’s largely through radiometric dating

@jayjaynella4539

2 жыл бұрын

@@GeologyHub Online dating can be rather risky also!!!

@General_Proton

2 жыл бұрын

These Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Solarflares are all influenced by Near Earth Objects.

@hamaljay

2 жыл бұрын

@@jayjaynella4539 and girl dates are the answer to mandates.

@gamarus0kragh

2 жыл бұрын

The dating of past eruptions relies on a technique called radiometric dating. You find a radioactive element that has been caught in an unchanging millieu (from an eruption, something that has been caught in crystals as the ash/lava/magma cooled down). Radioactive isotopes decays at a fixed rate and we know this rate very very well. As they decay, there will be less of the starting isotope and more of what is called the daughter isotope. So, if you measure the amount of the starting isotope and the daughter isotope and compare it to it's decay rate (often we use it's half life instead), you can get a very good determination of the date the eruption happened. If you wish to know more details I can put them in another post. Else, you can read the Wikipedia article on Uranium-Lead dating and Radiocarbon dating.

Fantastic video as usual, youre chanel has quickly become my favorite KZread. Could you possibly cover the Askja caldera or the móðuharðindi/lakagígar of 1783?

The best Geology channel on KZread no doubt!! 👌

"Recent." I love geology!

At first, you had me thinking I somehow missed an eruption in my own state today... Your videos are awesome! :D

@LadyAnuB

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah, human term recent vs. geologic recent as two different items. I did catch me initially. 😀

You can find volcanic rocks and ash from this near my favorite city in Washington called Stehekin, which has no roads going to it, only a boat ride across the long and narrow lake. If you wanted to hike to this volcano that's probably the nearest place where humans live so that would be your starting point, too. If you had mentioned the closest city like you normally do, that would be it, everyone who has a few days or a week to spare should visit there, it is cool.

When you look at Mt. Baker from Bellingham, Ferndale and Blaine, you can see that there was a second peak. The remains from this second peak could be Colfax peak and Black Buttes

Thanks for the video! Hard to find info on this caldera so I'm glad you covered it. Could you possibly do the Hannegan Caldera at some point? That one seems like it rivals Mazama in erupted volume.

I actually never knew about Kulshan Caldera... that's wild...

I've been to Mount Baker many, many times, yet never knew about this feature or the volcanic field even though I'm well aware of how active Mount Baker itself is. I gotta say it might just be my favorite of the Cascades, not only cause its the closest to home but also due to the quite interesting geology of the place. Oh, and of course it is incredibly beautiful up close and from afar.

Thank you for this! I can see Mt. Baker from my home in Bellingham and never knew an Eruption that large took place here. I’ve seen that white ash layer while digging in my yard and though it was from a forest fire. Now not only do I know better, but now I know Mt Baker has an unusually gigantic magma chamber. So thanks…I think…

I've hiked around Artist's Point on Mount Baker's NE flank many times, and there are lots of geologic features that are clearly remnants of an extinct crater. I always wondered what formed those ash-grey slopes visible from the Chain Lakes trail... now I know.

It would be great to see a video about Crater lake. It's a beautiful place to visit and difficult to imagine the blast.

@oscarmedina1303

2 жыл бұрын

Here you go: kzread.info/dash/bejne/mpN3r6qBdLifoaQ.html

thank you for these productions. I live on lone mnt, big sky montana. lone mnt. is known as a 'Christmas tree' volcanic land form, within the Yellowstone volcanic complex. if this interests you, please consider doing a program on this type of volcanic activity / resulting landform. again, thank you for your productions here.

I was stationed near there in Sedro Woolley. Mt.Baker Snoqolmie National Forest.I was at Mt.St.Helens.

How can you tell how long an eruption lasted with it having happened so long ago?

Super educational videos. I just find it absurd to guess at “millions” of years, as in “1.15 million years ago.”

Excellent! Thanks! ✨🍀🌎🍀✨

2:17 - Inyo Craters in east central California....I got a bunch of pumice and obsidian there near the middle of that picture.

The pressure between subducting plates must be collosal. Do we have a system for measuring it?

Thanks Wa. Is Very active much more than mainstream Gov. Tells us.

Wenatchee mentioned in a KZread video? Neat.

Yikes! My favorite Washington ski area

I was stationed near there at Sedro Woolley at North Cascade National Park. I was at Mt.St Helens when it erupted. That would be bad if it does.

>Living right next to Mount Baker lol. It's not scary or anything. Pretty chill volcano. Also has steam vents on the Eastern side so it vents pressure weekly.

Hello, GeologyHub! You may not realise, but your microphone was inside your mouth while recording this. Great video.

Thanks for the Geology and Geography lesson all in one. ❤️ Liked 👍. Shared on MeWe 👍. Shared on Facebook 👍. Saved on KZread 👍.

I saw your update on Mount St. Helens and had a question. I watched a PBS Terra video about the new glacier in Mount St. Helens. What would happen if there was another eruption??

Could you do a video about underwater volcanoes? I feel that with the planet being 75%-80% water, and lest 10% of that being explored that there's a hole lot of unique volcano types, undersea calderas, and of course fumerals

hello i just came across your video and enjoy it . can you talk about Mt. Diablo in california it was formed by an exticnt volcano.

It should be noted that Mt. Baker had a brief series of small eruptions in 1975.

Would love to have a video that timelines the creation of the Kīlauea caldera on Hawai‘i Island!

I would like an explanation for how it is that there are crustal-spreading volcanoes (eg, in inland BC) only a few hundred miles from these subduction-induced volcanoes. How/why is it that spreading and subduction are going on so close to each other?

@CrissaKentavr

2 жыл бұрын

They crust is like a skin on a simmering pot of stew. As parts stretch and move, you get little tears and weak spots. The strength of these tears or faults vary between each other and over time. There's also forces pushing underneath in the mantle we're not entirely clear on ^-^

You should do a video on the serpentine from the Juan De Fuca plate

Please explain us, how can you find the outlines of calderas, based on deep-drillings?

We know that volcanoes are classified as "active" if they have erupted during the prior 7.5-10k years. We usually see a list of about 47-51 volcanoes which are currently active. What qualifies entry into the list of currently active volcanoes? Fumaroles? Uplift? Seismic activity thresholds? This might be something to delve into.

@jakealter5504

2 жыл бұрын

It’s probably all three, Kilimanjaro hasn’t erupted in around 15,000-200,000 years but it still has active fumaroles on the kibo cone

@Dragrath1

2 жыл бұрын

If I understand correctly the term active refers to a system which have erupted geologically recently and so can potentially erupt in the future while the count of 47-51 refers to those which are currently erupting molten rock and or ash

Hello GH, you mention an eruption height of 44km in the large eruption in antiquity. I wonder, how do geologists come to a conclusion like that? Is there a formula used based on the known deposit field size that can be used to extrapolate this ejection column height? Thanks for another great post. Cheers.

What I've never heard of this

Wow! Vitalik Buterin narrates too?

Could you do story on Carter Lake in Oregon

Baker is an amazing volcano

It's a beautiful mountain to hike through, with easy access to sulfur crystals.

Is there any Vance that lago cocibolca in Nicaragua is a super volcano ?

@tomp_

2 жыл бұрын

Chance

I don't know if you covered it in any previous videos but...why are continental plates lighter than ocean plates?

If you live in Washington, look up Professor Nick Zentner., At WSU. You'll find all you need to know

Can you do one on Mt Adams? No one ever talks about that volcano.

@oscarmedina1303

2 жыл бұрын

Here you go: kzread.info/dash/bejne/aKmakqNucZmXmbw.html

@Kavikwolf

2 жыл бұрын

@@oscarmedina1303 awesome thank you :)

Can you do an analysis on Mars largest volcano?

Bonjour, Nevado d'El Ruis en Colombie.

can you do a video on the tawau hills its in malaysia sabah snd i think its a volcano chain

Can you do the dead volcanoes in the UK. Like Ben Navis and Arthur’s Seat.

I asked for a Kulshan Caldera in the comments a few videos back, and here it is. Bitchin'.

Oh dear.. i live in bellingham.. 30 miles west of baker..

@StuffandThings_

2 жыл бұрын

The real danger would be the lahars. As long as you're not near the Nooksack river it would probably just rain a ton of ash with what Mount Baker would likely produce.

Who was Juan de Fuca, and are there any other tectonic plates named for people?

Would have been nice to know what the number 1 was in teh last 2 million years but otherwise good as usual, thanks! :)

@chrisrifkin3670

2 жыл бұрын

Crater Lake

@stuarthamilton679

2 жыл бұрын

@@chrisrifkin3670 Cheers

What size volcanoes are they in the alps

@chrisrifkin3670

2 жыл бұрын

None

Won't be so hot this summer

So, are we gonna see eventually all volcanoes to erupt someday ?? Seems like the tendencies these past few months....

The dates are inflated (maximum 4,500 years).

So how long have you been living in Alaska?

Hey I'm really enjoying your videos and I'm curious if all these frequent eruptions are typical? I feel like I've heard so much about eruptions lately and I'm wondering if that's because its happening more frequently than usual or it's my searches and the algorithms.

@b.a.erlebacher1139

2 жыл бұрын

The current rate of eruptions is normal and close to the average. We're more aware because of all the videos and other info available on the web. Also, this exceptionally informative channel covers a lot of geologically recent (within the past million years) events that would be far more than ancient in another context.

@sunspot42

2 жыл бұрын

I'd also add that there seem to have been more eruptions near 1st world towns and islands lately, which means they get more press and more tourism and also that the locals can afford to produce their own coverage.

Geology Hub, This might not be a good enough question for a video but why do almost all volcanoes have lenticular clouds sitting over the top of them? Is this just coincidence, is there some sort of geological/scientific effect that keeps the cloud there for eg, like a magnet would attract iron filings. Surely it's not just because of their height as there are many many clouds go over Mount Fuji but still there is a lenticular cloud bang smack over the crater almost all the time. Always perfectly centred over the craters of each volcano, I just find it strange, even kinda spooky lol. Sorry if it's a stupid question but if you don't ask, you'll never know.

What about the new Mexico caldera grande

What if you covered the basalt lava flood in Washington state?

@drincmusic2769

2 жыл бұрын

Nvm I just found it

I don’t have no idea what’s going on down the line honestly

:28 got your Wenatchee wrong (is we-natch-ee)

🌱🌏💚

Check out Alex Fillipenko in his presentation lectures on astronomy. If you would kindly slow your speed significantly and amplify your enthusiastic love of geology and tectonics, you will have my gratitude! My driving instructor, a million years ago, aptly stated, “If you go slow, you (and I’ll add OTHERS!) won’t have to think fast!” One more observation… If the material you present in rapid fire would be on a class examination, you’d have to grade it on a steep curve since no one would otherwise get a passing grade! I’m sure I’m not alone with my thoughts…thank you!

👍

Day 2 of asking geology hub to make a video of musan

@rareduck8987

2 жыл бұрын

musuan

I know where a gold mine is that the guys are separating gold from white pumice material.. i bet there is plenty more...

If this eruption happened where I lived we would be safe from rising seas

As a Washington resident....I kept cringing at how you were pronouncing areas in the state.

Storm in a tea cup.

Monica Vatalaro on campaign run 23 miles today. Tomorrow 60 miles in Vail, CO.

@marvinhall3725

2 жыл бұрын

Slurpee fights breaks out at 7-11 stores Nationwide sparking the use of MK Ultra illegal Mind Control experimentation. Fights break out in the chaos and confusion massive arrests causing backup of County and City Jail Systems.

@suitt1

2 жыл бұрын

Tf this got to do with Mt Baker?? 🧐