The physics of g-2
Ғылым және технология
At any time in history, a few scientific measurements disagreed with the best theoretical predictions of the time. Currently, one such discrepancy involves the measurement of the strength of the magnetic field of a subatomic particle called a muon. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains this mystery and sketches ongoing efforts to determine if this disagreement signifies a discovery. If it does, this measurement will mean that we will have to rewrite the textbooks.
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Пікірлер: 296
This video has aged very well! :)
@IronFairy
3 жыл бұрын
like a fine wine!
@harshvardhanwagare5663
3 жыл бұрын
Exactly
@smellthel
3 жыл бұрын
yes
Anyone else watching this after the results of the latest experiment? This video is such a wonderful gift from the past that now points to the present and an increasingly exciting future for particle physics :)
@WestOfEarth
3 жыл бұрын
I didn't notice the date, and thought it was an update from Don himself about the recent news.
@spudhead169
3 жыл бұрын
Me too, looks like the algorithm does have some AI after all.
@evilcam
3 жыл бұрын
I remember watching this a few years ago, and yes like you came back after the first set of results were published. I was happy to see that I actually posted a comment in anticipation of this 4 years ago, as I totally forgot doing so, so it's cool to see my prior enthusiasm on the matter rekindled. Especially since I totally forgot about it. Anyway, it's cool that the experimental results did disagree with prediction to the point that it confirmed the discrepancy with the Brookhaven findings. Now the question will come down to whether some portion of the QCD calculation and prediction in the standard Model is at fault, and if it can be modified to match experiment, or if some new physics has to be created to account for the experimental discrepancy. I'd guess that we will see attempts at both, but the former will be the primary focus and eventual solution. Though, what the hell do I know? I am just happy to see physics still kicking along, and am hoping this, and many other contributions narrows the theories down so future generations can finally incorporate general relativity (without using the S(U) 2 gauge gravitons as an unscientific crutch) and dark matter and dark energy, and get close to that Popperian verisimilitude.
@spudhead169
3 жыл бұрын
Poor old Gravitons, never truly accepted and causing problems everywhere they go. All the other elementary particles got their issues sorted out, the gravitons just wanted a spin too.
@sashimanu
3 жыл бұрын
@SpudHead no AI needed, just plain old keyword relevance.
Congratulations to the team @ Fermilab for pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and getting us closer to the answer. Onwards to 5 Sigma!!
Well, this has aged well! This is exciting!
Damn! It takes physicists to take the phrase "mind if I borrow that?" to a whole new level.
after watching the news and getting depressed over humanity's stupidity, I like to watch this channel to heal
@Cscuile
3 жыл бұрын
Science and space give me hope towards a better future. One away from politics and infighting
Congrats to the Fermilab team on the big discovery. Looking forward to seeing what new additions to the standard model it will uncover
@jasonmcintosh2632
Жыл бұрын
What was the discovery?
@jennylancaster1479
Жыл бұрын
m.kzread.info/dash/bejne/jJ6irZeeqLHOipM.html
@jennylancaster1479
Жыл бұрын
m.kzread.info/dash/bejne/gqSO0ZiTipC2cqw.html
Dr. Lincoln, it is time now for a new video😉
Good to be back after 4 years, on hearing about the news on the recent g-2 findings. These videos really personify "See you all in few years when this gets recommended again" 😂
Congratulations to Fermilab for their new discovery!
It will be interesting to see if this will indicate that there is a problem with the standard model.
@spudhead169
6 жыл бұрын
Muons're trollin ya
@jaimeduncan6167
5 жыл бұрын
This video needs an update :) we are waiting for the results. Any change in the theoretical calculations?
@StephenGillie
5 жыл бұрын
Could you also describe these concepts in one of your excellent videos? (Or maybe you already have and I just need to watch more? :) )
@krzysztofbroda5376
5 жыл бұрын
@@jaimeduncan6167 data collection (the string of expermients) is scheduled to finish in 2020.
@skyr8449
3 жыл бұрын
@@krzysztofbroda5376 hows it going?
So, what happened? It's been a few years. A link to a following video?
@atanunath
4 жыл бұрын
Two years of data acquired. Third run is going to start. Goal is to acquire 4 years of data to achieve the goal. Results based on the first run will most probably be published around the end of this year, which may not say something conclusive yet as it’s based on just 1/4th of total data. So 🤞
@blueredbrick
4 жыл бұрын
@@atanunath Ok, its almost May 2020. I get cramps from keeping my gingers crossed :p
@shatterthemirror8563
4 жыл бұрын
@@blueredbrick In my experience the gingers work better when they're not cross. Cross gingers are super dangerous anyway.
@timbeaton5045
4 жыл бұрын
@@shatterthemirror8563 LIke Streams!
@RelianceIndustriesLtd
4 жыл бұрын
@@blueredbrick never cross your gingers, they can have genetic deformities, always cross a ginger with a blonde or black
It's amazing to finally hear news from g-2 experiment lately, so exciting!
Well, here we are in 2021 and it looks promising that G-2 has shown us something special.
This channel is super easy to understand to me and very interesting, thanks :)
@NeonsStyleHD
8 жыл бұрын
+Zebruh MLZ You should check out PBS Spacetime. Awesome, complex but easy to understand thx to great host.
@user-mt4vo4ey5n
6 жыл бұрын
I'll check out PBS Spacetime.
I am very interested in g-2. I remember when you first started talking about the Brookhaven experiment, and the move of the detector from Brookhaven to Fermilab. Gald to see that went smoothly and now the long, arduous task of installation and tweaking it can begin. I'm sure when you get that data in a few years, most of us will hear it here first, and probably to great fanfare and excitement. DFTBA.
What a cliffhanger, I'm glad it's resolved!
@1eV
3 жыл бұрын
resolved?/
I've watched the Fermilab press conference, the PBS Spacetime discussion about the Muon G-2 experiment, and re-watched Dr Lincoln's presentation. I understand the experiment as well as a layman without a grounding in graduate level physics (but with knowledge of grad level statistics) could. I'm continually impressed that physicists require a sigma of 5 to declare a discovery; too bad this requirement isn't applied in "climate science." I'm looking forward to the publication of Fermilab's second and later experimental results. How fascinating it would be if physicists could incorporate gravity into a theory!
Well, now you have it. The breakthrough is here?
@Mosern1977
3 жыл бұрын
Not yet 5 sigma... And it is using the same detector as the previous experiment.
@Dragondezznuts
3 жыл бұрын
5s or nothing
@xgozulx
3 жыл бұрын
@@Dragondezznuts well, i mean, 5 sigma is a bar we put there because we wanted, it could have been 4 or 6 .-.
@maxwellsequation4887
3 жыл бұрын
4.2σ
@sashimanu
3 жыл бұрын
Funnily, in life sciences such as psychology or pharmacology that affect our daily existence, the standard of proof is a tad below 2 sigmas (95%, p
best physics channel out there
I really love these videos. Please keep them coming.
It has been over a year since you made this video. Can we get an update on progress? Also, I find the prospect that a discovery can be made with the strong beams at Fermi exciting. Are there other things that can only be done at fermi?
@MrJdcirbo
5 жыл бұрын
phys.org/news/2019-03-muon-g-.html
Brilliantly explained! Love this documentation!
I love this channel so much! We need more of this sort. The internet and KZread are particular is flooded with misinformation on science matters. The growth of anti intellectualism in America can only be overcome by having more channels like this and more people watching them. Google needs to change their search algorithm to favor real science and for any conspiracy junk, they should list the "debunk" and actual science videos first so people get out of their bubbles of ignorance.
Great vid guys! Thanks and regards from the other side of the pond.
Here after the published results, hoping for more results of the five runs to get the sigma 5 and confirm we are missing something fundamental!
Fascinating! Thank you for this video!
Watching this after watching the video about First Results of the experiment.
WoW! It's really impressive to see their level of hardwork and dedication!
I love all your videos
Thank you. This is by far the best layman explanation.
so correct me if I'm wrong but if the experiment produces a value whose standard deviation doesn't overlap the theoretical standard deviation, then we might have a magnetic dipole value for a partical that isn't a muon? so there might be a new partical (not surprising) waiting to be discovered
I didn’t know they had to take 4 years to relocate and build this. Unbelievable amount of work I wouldn’t dare to think of, just to validate one point. Amazing.
Out of Breathe ? You have to remember that, “ It takes a lot of GUTs to work in Particle Physics ! ! “. There! I finally found A venue to work that joke into. Great Video Collection Dr. L. ! Kudos! Darth Airborne Nobody 55’ NYC
Fantastic explanation. It's truly spot on!
Great video! If indeed there is a discrepancy between the prediction and measurement, what kind of new physics might we be looking at? Are there any good hypotheses as to what might cause this?
@doc2step
8 жыл бұрын
+TheNoobSensei There are a number of theoretical models, including a certain class of supersymmetric models, that could account for a deviation of muon g-2 from the Standard Model. This measurement, however, does not necessarily distinguish between them. That will likely require the discovery of certain event signatures at LHC or beyond. The key is that measuring muon g-2 to high precision is equivalent to probing the Standard Model at high energy (TeV range). The better the precision, the higher the corresponding energy scale. The investigations are complementary.
Thanks for the latest video!
Suggesting this vid after the results are published is probably the one thing yt algorithm has done right
Although I had to google all the weird measurements at 5:00, nobody except the US still uses, very exciting video. Thanks! PS: Maybe you could provide some annotations or subtitles with proper metric measures next time? Thanks in advance.
Dr. Lincoln not having a mustache back then is quite a six-sigma observation!
Its been 2 years now ,have they began the research and if so are there any significant results! Love the videos keep them comeing!👍
@MrJdcirbo
5 жыл бұрын
phys.org/news/2019-03-muon-g-.html
I'm sure I'm missing something but isn't the g factor of the electron and muon 2.00 and not 1.00xx.? hence the name g-2? The experiment looking to find the deviation from 2.0
What would it take to make the _prediction_ more precise instead (or in addition to) the measurement?
I'm hoping Don will have a new video soon on this subject.
Great video, What would the possible implications be if the measurement does not fit the standard model (Predicted Measurement)?
@stargazer7644
3 жыл бұрын
Either the theory is wrong, or we have new physics. A new particle, or a new force.
Can you do a video explaining the Scalar field please, and while you're at it, why string theory needs a monopole?
@av6569
4 жыл бұрын
Temperature is a scalar field, wind velocity is a tensor field. There you go buddy.
@NeonsStyleHD
4 жыл бұрын
@@av6569 Idiot! Clearly not THAT scalar!
Much like, very wow. Keep up the good work
Could it be that other values, that are used in the standardmodel, to calculate the value of "g" are with a certain degree of uncertainty? Could that explain the difference mentioned?
RESULTS ANNOUNCED!!! 4.2 sigma let’s goooo!!!!!!
I would be interested in any discussions on BMW theoretical model vs the Theory Initiative
One of the reasons i LOVE particle physics is because we get to smash stuff for fun.
Is there an update on this city G-2 experiment now that it has been a couple years?
@maxwellsequation4887
3 жыл бұрын
There is an anomaly :DD
@stargazer7644
3 жыл бұрын
oh boy is there!
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
How often does a sensor's electronics package introduce unintended offsets in the sensor data? I mean above and beyond normal calibration issues.
Super show.Keep going.
perhaps a more accurate way to say it would be that the confidence of "discovery" will be higher, but not 100% as the curves still overlap.
I wish Physics had the budget that exceeded the defence budget Imagine how much time could be saved We can fast forward all research by generations
@sashimanu
3 жыл бұрын
How many new weapon principles could have been discove-- Oh wait...
@3Chandresh3
3 жыл бұрын
@@sashimanu Correct. Let's become caveman again. Idiot.
This is incredible!
nice Video, can you do a series where you give intro to theoretícal physics from the beginning because i know what string theory is or dark matter or higgs field but i do not understand the math.
@dabulls1g
8 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude you can never get around hard work, the math is just as rewarding!
@dabulls1g
8 жыл бұрын
That's what I'm saying
@13Gnimming
8 жыл бұрын
Yeah, there's a reason these videos are concept-level not math-level.
@pablofahrner2860
8 жыл бұрын
***** but the Basics
@edserembus9651
6 жыл бұрын
Pablo Fahrner Y DONT U PONDER AND RESEARCH NEWTONS IDEA OF “ETHER” and how it relates to Higgs field and or quantum foam?!
This is the third video I have seen on this result, how about a video that speculates on what the new physics might be?
@clmasse
3 жыл бұрын
They have no clue at all, save already finished crap like string theory. There is not even a theory explaining the existence of the muon.
Why did it take such a roundabout path to Chicago? Was that the safest route because of the mountains? And why was flying not an option, too risky?
@doc2step
8 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude The weight was not really the issue since they were transporting only the superconducting coils. In fact the original proposal did include a flight plan by helicopter for part of the trip, but there was not a sufficiently clear flight path. Of course, the flex constraint was very important, as you mention. The reason the barge did not take the shorter northern path was the lack of sufficient safe harbors in case of unexpected bad weather. The southern/mississippi route was longer, but considered safer.
@doc2step
8 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude Well, this is the explanation I got when I asked the Emmert guys why they didn't take the barge along the shorter route up the St. Lawrence, for example. As for the flight portion, there are military helicopters that could have taken the ring at least to a waiting barge, but I was told that any path would have passed over too many residences. Not to mention the number of UFO sightings that would have resulted from a 50' metallic ring flying over people's homes.... ;-)
This is from 3 years ago. So where's the follow-up video to this one?
Great upload, it's unbelievable how arduous the task of getting g-2 to batavia must have been. The sooner this thing gets operational the better.
@PolkiSaMalutkie
7 жыл бұрын
Tenth of an inch!!
@franklipsky1521
6 жыл бұрын
how about a video that explains the technical difficulties in moving the detector
@MrJdcirbo
5 жыл бұрын
phys.org/news/2019-03-muon-g-.html
And they did it! Congratulations!
Dr. Don- howe about an update for 2021?
This channel is better than PBS Spacetime
@dankuchar6821
6 жыл бұрын
Not better, just different. They compliment each other.
5:16 You couldn't drive a much shorter path from NY to Chicago? I mean, your video already shows some of the trip you took is by driving on road, anyway, if there was an issue with riding on water being safer/better than driving on road.
@michaelsommers2356
3 жыл бұрын
They had to shut down the road to move the thing. You also have to make sure that every bridge along the way is big enough. And it moves very slowly, at a walking pace.
Amazing how they moved it. People can do amazing things.
This video aged like fine wine.
One year has passed! how long to go?)
@dAvrilthebear
7 жыл бұрын
ScienceNinjaDude Wow, good to know! Good luck! :)
@MrJdcirbo
5 жыл бұрын
phys.org/news/2019-03-muon-g-.html
I have a dream - of ultra precise g-2 measurements of the tauon
@ChiDraconis
3 жыл бұрын
I have been reading everything I can find; As of just yet I cannot grasp which "particles" are 2-quark and 3-quark and which are which of the named resonances ~ I am beginning to develop nascent thoughts to the effect that all tangible ( lends to a detector sort of "tangible" ) are actually a dissonance of some kind with the idea that squiggly green line we see will never fully resolve until the Keebler elves de-cloak
@TheSandkastenverbot
3 жыл бұрын
@@ChiDraconis Do you need help finding better sources? I think you've stumbled upon some seriously esoteric stuff
@ChiDraconis
3 жыл бұрын
@@TheSandkastenverbot I found 2 channels which are supplying the demand in response to the Muon g-2 issue · Clumsy tool this intermittent internet thing though if I need anything in the way of help it is that most works rely on a Math type mind and I am a visual thinker so let's take for the moment the Lambda in the middle of a Bra-Ket → Seems very obvious that it is a way of noting parameters which are not known but did not grasp it and also why the light cone often is presented as a second order hyperbolic yet solid ( 3-d ) comes up 4-🥧 as a spherical
When I saw the title I looked at the g-2 and thought "Is this about negative gravity? So a gravity pulling you upwards? and then when I watched the video, I realized that the g-2 had nothing at all to do with gravity, it was just the name of a particle accelerator.
So what was the finding?
i kinda want to take a tour of fermilab and see all the types of detectors there
@adamtschupp9825
8 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude but I live all the way in Maryland
Good one.
Are we there yet?
@Jop_pop
4 жыл бұрын
No
if y axis represents how likely the predicted answer is, what does x axis represent?
@stttttipa
8 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude thanks!
Wow, how about new (7.4.2021) results?
it did point us to the next big scientific breakthrough.
@around 6:23...Unfortunately, I cannot understand how an experimental measurement can have a smaller standard deviation than the theory. That alone, I would argue, says the theory is incomplete.
@stargazer7644
3 жыл бұрын
An experimental measurement does not depend on a theory at all. The errors in a measurement come from the conditions of the experiment and the apparatus and method used.
@lidarman2
3 жыл бұрын
@@stargazer7644 My question was addressing the theory error, not the experimental error. I can see why you can reduce the experimental error. That is clear.
4 years later we confirm the deviation
1:10 I thought muons are the heavy brothers, not the heavy cousins, of the electrons. Anyway, the hadronic drek is going to spoil everything.
What say the latest measurements?
This will go viral again
For the sake of discussion, let us assume they do find something. How long will it be until folks in the real world can make use of the info as more than mere infotainment. I use gravity every day, in fact I depend upon it. And I have friends that benefit from understanding of particle decay (radiation treatments). I've performed the double slit experiment (not with any good measurement, but it's astounding what you can do with a laser pointer and some mechanical pencil leads) so I can see that for myself. But this new force/particle is going to be so small that no one noticed it since the dawn of time. Can we use it as a random number generator for better cryptography? Maybe batteries that have longer lives? What kind of practical effects will it have? I'm not trying to tear anything down, I just want to know what to expect. I mean when they cracked the atom we got practically free electricity, medical treatments, and a giant bomb - the spectrum of applications there is quite wide and varied enough that I'd not have guessed.
@AdityaSharma-ng3bc
3 жыл бұрын
It is too early to know the practical uses, but using your example, at first physicists believed it is impossible to split the atom. Then when it was demonstrated, people had similar queries about its practical benefits, but today we have unlocked the energy of fission and have put it to many applications. We just have to wait before a genius mind uses it to improve our lives or our understanding of physics.
Imagine that the electron is actually a system of smaller particles, different types of quarks And imagine that there are different types of electrons Can this new physics reveal such a hypothesis?
How is it even possible to measure these things to such an incredible accuracy? 😲
@stargazer7644
3 жыл бұрын
You do the measurement millions of times.
Could -please- the speaker -staying- still instead be -an oscillator- on the stage that’s very unfocusing during his presentation that could be very interesting if will be different from a tennis match to follow? Thank you. BTW; some of hide should emerge from the incorporeal mind of the physicists if the majority of them is affect by behavior peculiarities...
Is it a new discovery as in a new particle?
@fredlockard4509
7 жыл бұрын
+ScienceNinjaDude a new particle in the sense that there may be an unknown particle mixed in with what they assumed was a pure beam of nothing but muons? or did you mean in another way? I've always wondered, those accelerated proton beams at CERN and other places, is it known if they have any impurities mixed in? or do they know with pretty good certainty that they aren't accelerating other particles?
all those brilliant scientists...I wish 1 of them could explain why did g-2 had to take a trip around the globe just to get from NY to Chicago...
What if the experiment is run at a different spacetime curvature?
Wow! New physics there we go!
please make a follow up video
I didn't have any idea about the g-2 experiment now I am super impatient to get results from it! >
@IuliusPsicofactum
7 жыл бұрын
GREAT!!!! :D
@IuliusPsicofactum
7 жыл бұрын
Do you have any idea of how long it may take us to see the first results? :D
@IuliusPsicofactum
7 жыл бұрын
Well, we'll have to wait until next year then. hoping for exciting new results but.... ... we know the Standard Model is going to pass through it clean again without a scratch right? hahaha >_ :P
@sphaera2520
6 жыл бұрын
So...what happened? Is somebody getting a nobel prize for breaking the standard model or did things work out?
@maxwellsequation4887
3 жыл бұрын
@@sphaera2520 they just have
Don talked about g-2 before it was cool!
So, I guess this video may need an update.
and here we are 5 years later lol
Some day you know he's gonna sneak in a Pink Floyd prism on that shirt!
#energytransitions #highenergytransitions #muonbeams
Wouldn't it have been easier to send it up the New York Barge Canal (or even the Saint Lawrence Seaway)?
@michaelsommers2356
3 жыл бұрын
I doubt it would have fit the canals.