The Nature of Time

Ғылым және технология

Jennifer Ouellette, Sean Carroll, James Hartle, and David Krakauer What could be more mysterious, more precious, and more fleeting than time? Heraclitus described time as “a game played beautifully by children,” Albert Einstein declared “time is an illusion,” and Jane Austen wrote that “Time will explain.” Science has sought to explain time in terms of clocks, space, energy, perception, and convenience. Everyone agrees that we do not have enough of it and that we perceive it to be moving faster year by year. This panel discusses the challenges of time in physics, biology, and culture. Panelists focus on the idea that time flies forward, like an arrow, as a way of distinguishing what we call “the past” from “the future.” They discuss the latest understanding of the relationship between the arrow of time, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics as they move from physics fundamentals to time and information in adaptive systems. Along the way, they also reflect on limits to mortality. The panel is moderated by science writer Jennifer Ouellette. Panelists include cosmologist Sean Carroll (Caltech), physicist James Hartle (UC Santa Barabara), a Santa Fe Institute External Professor, and David Krakauer, President and William H. Miller Professor of Complex Systems at the Santa Fe Institute.

Пікірлер: 6

  • @luisfelipe7351
    @luisfelipe73515 жыл бұрын

    analising the equation the function of time as mass uses 4 different simultaneuous randomized values for the mass of the universe taking in consideration assymetrical time lines that combined with the entropy and the radius of the planck scale totalizes after multiplying by the volume flux of m^3s^-2 of the first equation for the hydrogen atom gives the amount of mass per flux in a negative manner, making the assumption that the universe is homogeonous but hetrotropic and leading us to observe that there is a possible negative gravity value for the proton electron interaction when the proton is on the other side of the nucleus that might be shielded by the strong force, still it gives a fantastic flow space per gravity acceleration a bit over the planck accelaration if not taken in consideration the number of atoms or the time of existence or the total number of huydrogen in the universe. The random fluctuation of values explain that there is a varying multidirectional vector interaction with no respcet to an arrow of time as if the universe was just an absolute space with no direction in prior. the value of negative 10^-10 kg*m/s^2 pascals can be derived just by a cubic root of the values of the negative tremendous repulsive value when considering it a gravitational comparable to the gravitational constant unit. g1=((9.109*10^-31) 9.86)/(5.69*10^24) proprotional potential gravity of electron g2=((1.66*10^-27)*9.86)/(5.69*10^24) proportional potential gravity of proton s=RandomReal[5.29*10^-11,{300}] distance from the nucleus for the proton s2=RandomReal[2.4*10^-15,{300}] distance for the eletron mm=RandomReal[9.109*10^-31,{300}]mass of the electron G=6.67*10^-11 mm1=s^g1*s2^-g2/(g2-g1)*mm mm2=s^g1*s2^-g2/(g2-g1)*mm1 ff=G(s^2*g1)(s2^-2*g2)/((g2-g1)^2)*mm1*mm2 inter relation of the values above f1=ff-ff*Power[ff, (ff)^-1] f6=Mean[ff] m=RandomReal[2.17*10^60,{400}]mass of the universe m22=RandomReal[2.17*10^60,{400}]mass of the universe m32=RandomReal[2.17*10^60,{400}]mass of the universe m42=RandomReal[2.17*10^60,{400}]mass of the universe t=RandomReal[5.39*10^-43,{400}]planck time n=RandomReal[4*10^122,{400}] universe entropy r=RandomReal[1.61619*10^-35,{400}] planck length used in the radius t1=m22/m t2=m/m22 t3=m32/m42 t4=m42/m32 m1=(m22*Pi*r^2)/(t1+t2) m2=(m32*Pi*r^2)/(t1+t2) m3=(m42*Pi*r^2)/(t1+t2) m4=(m*Pi*r^2)/(t1+t2) v1=m2/m1*t v2=m1/m2*t v3=m4/m3*t v4=m3/m4*t e1=(m2-m1)/(n^t2-t1) e2=(m3-m4)/(n^t3-t4) dt1=t2-t1 dt2=t4-t3 de=e1-e2 dv=v1-v2 dv2=v3-v4 g=((m1*dv(dt2-dt1*dv2)(dt1*dt2)(v1*(e1-e2))*(de+v1))/(dt1*dt2)) g4=\!\( \*UnderoverscriptBox[\(\[Sum]\), \(r = 0\), \(r\)]\(g\ sum\ of\ the\ results\ of\ "\"\ function\ of\ time\ through\ mass\)\) g2=Mean[g4] gt=f6*g2 -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, cubic root gives the value of negative 10^-10kg*m/second ^2 pascals -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, \ -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, \ -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, \ -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31, -1.89757*10^-31}

  • @kc-cn8zy
    @kc-cn8zy6 жыл бұрын

    So is there a difference between what might be called 'fundamental (microscopic) time' and what might be called 'complex (macroscopic, as in many systems) time'? (Complex-time emerging from what is being referred to as a subjective entropy?) If running the expansion of the Universe backward leads to a small dense region, surely that region was highly entangled? If so wouldn't such an entangled state have more 'objective' entropy than the current state of the Universe? Infinities are troublesome (not an original thought), but wouldn't a 'forever' expanding spacetime, imply an equally expanding region of quantum fluctuations? Which would be symmetric. So is this symmetry to be taken as the end of 'complex time'? Or at some point, the expansion rate would be such as to overtake the occurrence (appearance) of the fluctuations? Which is to be taken as the end of 'fundamental time'? But expansion would still be continuing? Interesting panel and conversation. Thank you. (A primary difference between 'fundamental' and 'complex' time being that fundamental time does not have an 'arrow' -i.e. complex time has only one direction, called 'forward' in many Western cultures.)

  • @chewyjello1
    @chewyjello13 жыл бұрын

    59:29 But can you have space without time? Is there such thing as empty space? Julian Barbour would say "no".

  • @Seekthetruth3000
    @Seekthetruth30005 жыл бұрын

    Did time exist before the Big Bang?

  • @dalefriesen7812
    @dalefriesen78126 жыл бұрын

    Time doesn't exist as an actual thing or noun. (It's) an artifact relating to consciousness and the human condition and a practical convenience. Our language is ill suited to allow a greater understanding.

  • @fractalnomics
    @fractalnomics5 жыл бұрын

    A real unified theory should unify physics (QM and time) with 'economics'. By economics I mean life. Nice from David at 54:00 on lineage. We economists deal with time, the value of time; how 'things' change in value with time (price elasticity), even how things change - evolve with time, and it is an equally great mystery as to why this is so. That's because it is the same problem. I teach economics and research in my own time the geometry of fractals and have come to think they are the answer to the problems of time, QM and cosmology. It is a geometry that offers real insight; if you want to know what Hubble expansion, DE and early inflation is, give me a call. Oh, and I also can explain monetary inflation by the fractal too, funny. If you are interested check out my youtube channel. My next project is to write my insight into quantum mechanics and light from the fractal; when I have done that I will have united QM with the large scale. To date, no one has shown any interest.

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