France and England: frienemys ever since 1066.

@Raisonnance.

4 жыл бұрын

Ha bon ?

@michaelbourdages4777

4 жыл бұрын

Anglo-French War (1109-1113) Anglo-French War (1116-1119) Anglo-French War (1123-1135) Anglo-French War (1158-1189) Anglo-French War (1193-1199) Anglo-French War (1202-1204) Anglo-French War (1213-14) French intervention in England (1215-1217) Anglo-French War (1224) Anglo-French War (1242-43) Anglo-French War (1294-1303) Anglo-French War (1324) Anglo-French War (1496-1498) Anglo-French War (1512-1514) Anglo-French War (1522-1526) Anglo-French War (1542-1546) Anglo-French War (1557-1559) Anglo-French War (1627-1629) Anglo-French War (1666-67) Anglo-French War (1756-1763) Anglo-French War (1778-1783) Anglo-French War (1793-1802) Anglo-French War (1803-1815) ❤️🇫🇷♥️🇬🇧❤️

@kiri2784

4 жыл бұрын

I think there was an Anglo-French War at some point... idk when tho.

@MW_Asura

4 жыл бұрын

@@michaelbourdages4777 And don't forget their biggest "no u" to each other, Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

@michaelbourdages4777

4 жыл бұрын

@@kiri2784 🤣

17:00 to be accurate Napoleon was never crowned "Emperor of France" but instead "Emperor of the French"...which is different because it is kind of a recognition that his power come from its people. Not from God or himself.

@vireakboth8491

3 жыл бұрын

True

@fanta-cool7532

3 жыл бұрын

Too nitpicky

@banditop276

3 жыл бұрын

and napoleon chose the title of emperor instead of king so as not to betray the revolution

@tommasopaniccia7551

3 жыл бұрын

False. Charlemagne was also crowned "emperor of the Romans", by the Pope, so that formula doesn't mean anything like that. The fact that he crowned himself is more intriguing, though, because it goes to show how self-referential his power actually was. (I get that he didn't believe in God, anyhow)

@honestranking48

3 жыл бұрын

The aim of Napoleon was to turn France into the new Rome. Napoleon was the Emperor of the French rather than Emperor of France to show a filiation with Charlemagne and Rome. That's it and that's all. In the same spirit, he took the golden eagle as the symbole of France as it was the symbole of Rome. There are some parallels in history... when the americans created their country some proclamed that it would become the new Rome and then took the eagle as the symbole of their country.

"Twenty centuries of history are there to testify that we are always right to have faith in France." Charles De Gaulle.

@concept5631

Жыл бұрын

De Gaulle when he can't _not_ cause an international incident every 5 minutes.

@froglet827

Жыл бұрын

@@concept5631 Gigachad DeGaulle

@goofygrandlouis6296

Жыл бұрын

50% of that history is basically "Hey let's nag the English, it seems fun". 😁

@93200Jonas

Жыл бұрын

Long live to the Eternal France ! From the depths of prehistoric ages to the present day, France has a unique history in the world. Its history and its destiny are not yet complete. It carries within it a universal message for all of humanity in a unique civilization in the world.

@captainpawpawchannel

Жыл бұрын

Next step: France will get rid of capitalism and install real democracy

1000 - 1600: France is a tough kingdom fighting with everyone 1600 - 1790: France is now a big colonial empire across the planet 1790 - 1800: REVOLUTION!!! 1800 - 1815: Napoleon 1815 - 1900: France becomes a world powerhouse again 1900 - 1950: Wars, Wars, Wars 1950 - 1990: Decolonization 1990 - 2010: Economic prosperity and the rise of the European Union 2010 - Now: *FrEnCh SuRrEnDeRiNg MeMeS*

@louisg6296

4 жыл бұрын

actually, "french surrender" jokes started in 2004, when france refused to join the war against iraq

@nottiredofwinning3736

3 жыл бұрын

@@louisg6296 Actually, it started in 1940 when they agreed to be Hitler's bitch instead fight. Seems like the (arguably) undeserved reputation of being cowards is slightly preferable to the deserved reputation of being Nazi collaborators throughout the majority of WWII.

@Perririri

3 жыл бұрын

nOrMiE

@RtRt-qh9hq

3 жыл бұрын

Not Tired of Winning France surrendered because it got betrayed by the UK and resulted in a massacre of the army. You can’t defend a country if you lost your soldiers and military heads

@RtRt-qh9hq

3 жыл бұрын

Not Tired of Winning And it’s untrue, the meme started in 2004 with the refusal to engage in a non-sense catastrophic war in the middle least, first by renaming French fries “freedom fries”

Louis XIV: I am the state Napoleon: I am the revolution Palpatine: I am the senate

@TheBigRedskull

6 жыл бұрын

Zachary Adams this needs more likes lmao

@kakoolie6947

6 жыл бұрын

Redskull it has 107 likes on a video with 8000 views I'd say it has a lot xD

@mcdrums87

6 жыл бұрын

Dredd: I am the law!

@q1w2e3621

6 жыл бұрын

Zachary Adams +

@iamaheretic7829

6 жыл бұрын

I am the high ground

Love how Britain is in basically every war involving France

@augth

4 жыл бұрын

Sitting behind its water protection.

@CEDRICKB

3 жыл бұрын

@@augth and being obsessed 😂

@angellove91150

3 жыл бұрын

Yes i think it's just the spirit of contradiction when one jump in the battle the other do too loool

@mimimatou6360

3 жыл бұрын

And France is in every war involving Britain.

@BaenjaminS

3 жыл бұрын

Love how Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill launched Operation Overlord, saving France, and then Charles De Gaulle goes out of his way to deny the UK from joining the European Coal and Steel Community many times because 'they suck'

USA: I have the most battles won in history! UK: No I do! France: Sup guys

@Skelig

4 жыл бұрын

only an American could possibly try to argue the first one lmao

@popkhorne5372

4 жыл бұрын

@@Skelig nah they would argue that they won plenty given that they are a young country, and then us europeans would argue that battles won by going in countries way weaker than you just for oil are a bit less glorious. Not saying battlefields everywhere in europe were a good thing tho.

@popkhorne5372

4 жыл бұрын

@@MrSupernova111 they do count. But most of the US victories in battle (800 or so, wich is insane for a country so young, placing them at number 3 behind the UK and France) were won against way way weaker opponents. That same critique apply to colonial victories from european countries too, but still, most of their battles were between each other in europe. France for example had to face multiple coalitions alone and won against most of them. And thats an apparte since i am not sure avout the data, but werent the US much stronger than any of the tired countries in europe, including germany by the end of ww2 ? Did the US really send all of their might to vietnam ? (no disrespect for the brave US vets, but if it wasnt a secondary war against a weaker opponent, they would have had at least a few nukes, making open war impossible.)

@cboisvert2

4 жыл бұрын

@@popkhorne5372 "much stronger than Germany by end of WWII" - yeah well, that was the point of WWII, so yes, but that doesn't prove your point. Vietnam - even harder, and that shows what's wrong with casting war in a strong vs. weak frame. Viets and US had different motives, tools, cultural approaches to the war, uses of the terrain, weapons, strategies - that's how the US could believe they were winning until they suddenly had lost (one of the reasons there were no atom bombs, other being risks of escalation, moral damage, and having no clue where to drop them).

@popkhorne5372

4 жыл бұрын

@@cboisvert2 what i mean is that the US never had to face an opponent stronger than them. The only reason they lost wars was because they didnt send their full might : no more total war. Even though many soldiers were sent to vietnam, the US never used anything near their full capacity. Well the war of indépendance is the only evident exeption.

France has the best military record of any european nation, quote from the second book of general ignorance byohn Lloyd and John Mitchinson : "According to historian Niall Ferguson, the French have fought more military campaigns than any other European nation and won twice as many battles as they have lost, of the 125 major European wars fought since 1495, the French have participated in fifty - more than both Austria (forty-seven) and England (forty-three). And they’ve achieved an impressive batting average: out of 168 battles fought since 387 BC, they have won 109, lost forty-nine and drawn ten.this makes France the most successful military power in European history ! The British always prided themselves on superiority at sea, but this was only because they realised they could never win a land war on the Continent. The French army has, for most of history, been the largest, best equipped and most strategically innovative in Europe. At its best, led by Napoleon in 1812, it achieved a feat that even the Nazis couldn’t repeat: it entered Moscow. These remarkable achievements help explain another French military victory. Whether it is ranks (general, captain,corporal, lieutenant...); equipment (lance, mine, bayonet,epaulette, trench...); organisation (volunteer, regiment, soldier, barracks...) or strategy (army, camouflage, combat, esprit de corps, reconnaissance...), the language of warfare is written in one language : French."

@hansriseli6975

4 жыл бұрын

Nice info

@AdityaShirolkar

4 жыл бұрын

Wow

@mashedpatatos2000

4 жыл бұрын

Napoleon was able to enter Moscow because the Russians let him so that they could set it on fire while the french were still inside the city.

@polishherowitoldpilecki5521

4 жыл бұрын

LARCHANGE1 They also lost a fair share of notable conflicts.

@matthieuwise5950

4 жыл бұрын

@Jameson Audette Not cool dude

Hi everyone! So this is (by quite some bit) my longest video to date as I take on the insanely difficult task of trying to cram all of French history into one video. This obviously means missing out some stuff, and some oversimplifications where necessary, but I hope I've done their history justice, which really is truly fascinating. This is something that could potentially become a new series, The Entire History of [Country] in X Minutes, depending on how this video goes. So I could really use your feedback and if that's something that you would like to see in future, please let me know. Thanks for watching and subscribing!

@nolane.916

6 жыл бұрын

Hi Chris! Amazing video once again! I love the 'History of __ in __ Minutes' concept!

@williamdesmond4289

6 жыл бұрын

Loved the video! If I could recommend a country, I'd ask for the History of Brazil, Paraguay or Argentina next. They all have lesser known but very interesting histories, and I think it would be a less daunting task then doing another history video of a huge European country like Germany or Britain.

@bmteastern256

6 жыл бұрын

Y u put b oobs in the thumbnail?

@nikostsirogiannis7689

6 жыл бұрын

I think it's a great idea, you should do the History of Greece or whatever else is in your mind

@lydhavet-music

6 жыл бұрын

Reims isn’t pronounced “Reems” it’s pronounced: “Rance”

Napoleon styled himself Emperor of the French, not Emperor of France; there is meaning in that.

@quantamioshowler8390

5 жыл бұрын

:D he actually had hope for the French, instead of his actual ancestors. That does tell you something, I guess.

@veraciteabsolue1221

4 жыл бұрын

it comes from the monarchial democracy in 1789-1792 ie after revolution and before the republic. the tiers-état - the representative of non nobles nor ecclesiastic - requested the king louis 16 to accept to reign for the people (under their control) instead of remaining as traditionnally the king of Frane. Napoleon remembered this and appeared as obedient to revolutionary spirit in spite of gathering all powers not to challenge the intelligentia.

@wilhelmlegothdegascogne9674

4 жыл бұрын

Napoleon I the Emperor of EUROPE

@mr.meeseeks3074

4 жыл бұрын

@@veraciteabsolue1221 Even though he wasn't a democrat, he truly was a believer of the revolutionnary ideals.

@genstudio7859

4 жыл бұрын

@@mr.meeseeks3074 as he said, 《La Révolution est terminée, elle est fixée aux principes qui l'ont commencée 》

Quite harsh on Napoleon III, he really improved France's economy.

@lecomtedemirabeau5548

3 жыл бұрын

The most underrated France's leader.

@fahoodie1852

3 жыл бұрын

@@lecomtedemirabeau5548 certainly. He was also decent at war, diplomacy was alright, and his reforms and improvement ideas had so many good effects

@theemperor-wh40k18

3 жыл бұрын

@@fahoodie1852 sadly he was a leader at the same time as Bismark.

@fahoodie1852

3 жыл бұрын

@STENNELER Jérémy everyone remembers sedan but no one remembered Solferino

@lecomtedemirabeau5548

3 жыл бұрын

@@fahoodie1852 Sebastopol too

Napoleon was technically “Emperor of the French” not “the emperor of France”. It made a big difference, even if just a silly word swap

@militaryjunkie6207

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah first emperor of the French and France first emperor And last greatest

@Hugo-cn9no

3 жыл бұрын

@@militaryjunkie6207 Encore un pécno qui ne connait rien de Napoléon III... vraiment décevant

@militaryjunkie6207

3 жыл бұрын

France Rugby Vraiment.... Napoleon the 3rd was Napoleon nephew he wasn’t as great as Napoleon he got his ass whooped many times. Au revior

@Hugo-cn9no

3 жыл бұрын

@@militaryjunkie6207 Oui donc tu ne connais rien de Napoléon III, de sa politique économique à la reconstruction de paris à la conquête mexicaine et la victoire de crimée et le début de l'alliance militaire anglo-francaise, et le retour à l'unité française..

@FootballFury

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah if he emperor of France he’d have to wear a baguette on his head rather then a crown

A small nitpick: the Francia wasn't divided into three because of communication issues, rather because the law dictated that the kingdom would be divided between all of the king's sons upon his death

@dmdoudou

3 жыл бұрын

This part was simplified probably because at that time France was more its proto-self. Focused clearly more on later eras.

@user-qe3zy7cv3c

3 жыл бұрын

@@dmdoudou there's a huge difference beetween simplification and false information though.

@zazacitron

2 жыл бұрын

Great point, all because of succession law. Back in the day, they hadn't made laws specifically for royal families. The country was legally considered as the propriety of the king, he was even free to sell it, and as a propriety it was devided between the sons during succession.

@toutcramer2027

Жыл бұрын

This fact is actually crucial. The Holy Roman Germanic Empire of Charlemagne has been shared between the three sons, according to the Frankish tradition... All the wars between France and Austria and then with Prussia / Germany are a consequence of this fact.

@sebe2255

Жыл бұрын

@@toutcramer2027 Except the actual Imperial title passed from Charlemagne to his son, and then onto Lothair of middle Francia. It then passed to Lious II of Italy before being passed around even more finally ending with Charles the Fat. The HRE is a new empire created by the Ottonians who took control over East Frankia, and is not a direct continuation of Charlemagne’s empire

History of the entire world (I guess): 19 minutes History of France: 23 minutes Conclusion: France makes up 121% of the world

@thathistoryiscoolguy

5 жыл бұрын

I have the force I sense force I sense force of a window into the into it is a flash flood warning

@abhaymanoj6746

5 жыл бұрын

"France has probably been the most influential country in shaping modern history. " Greece - Am I a joke to you?

@skysthelimitvideos

5 жыл бұрын

Pepe the Frog Nah that would probably be the Roman Empire (or if you don’t want to count them as a country the UK).

@geopixels6886

5 жыл бұрын

skysthe limitvideos Uh. Greece

@ducharribo9789

5 жыл бұрын

skysthe limitvideos surely not the uk

The part on WW1 is an insult to the millions of french soldiers that died for their country

@roms4154

3 жыл бұрын

1.4 millions to precise !!

@ludov1308

2 жыл бұрын

Same with WWII actually

@ppttpp6739

2 жыл бұрын

copie de toto vito et sa ndinga's bande

@rhiannejones3815

2 жыл бұрын

@@ludov1308 who? The Vichy who betrayed the homeland or Free French who f***ed all the French territories?

@lg0804

2 жыл бұрын

@@rhiannejones3815 it's easy to say this now but I'd love to see what you'd have done in such a situation. You can't judge the past based on what you think you would've done today if this happened to you. Free French fought for their freedom and it was brave of them. As for those who collabored, who knows, maybe you would've been one of them. Or not. It's easy to degrade them while seating peacefully behind your screen but beware of such anachronisms.

The french foot is 1.066 english feet.

@tommarch.4493

5 жыл бұрын

and the french meter is the universal unit

@eduarddv00

5 жыл бұрын

@@tommarch.4493 /woosh. 1066 is the year william the conqueror conquered england

@tommarch.4493

5 жыл бұрын

@@eduarddv00 i know, but what he said is true too

@jacqueline23788

4 жыл бұрын

french foot does nt exist anymore they invented metric system ( napoleon times )

@Victordstg

4 жыл бұрын

Electroflame 618 I see what you did here France

Napoleon Bonaparte's Illyrian Provinces , despite being short-lived, kindled the area's patriotism. For the then Slovenian lands it was a massive deal, due to Slovenian becoming a schooling language for basic education, French was a higher education language. It left a mark in Slovenia and Slovenians never forgot Napoleon, having the biggest monument to him outside of France. In Croatia this sparked their national revival. The Illyrian Provinces lasted not even 4 years.

@thomascatty379

5 жыл бұрын

CyrusBluebird I'm glad you spoke out about this brother 🙏🏻

@AYVYN

Жыл бұрын

Slovenia is a beautiful country with great people. Deserves more recognition.

@bunk95

3 ай бұрын

Kings? Theyre all over the place over here.

Portugal is always just sitting in the corner. Minding its own business...😂😂

@sophiemartin7778

6 жыл бұрын

Bill Kemawor Switzerland seems to just sit there, not do much but is in the middle of where all wars are.... and walk out of the war undamaged.

@leowilly29

5 жыл бұрын

@@sophiemartin7778 Actually since the battle of Marignan swiss are neutral?

@axelcorreia6834

5 жыл бұрын

Well napolean tried to conquer Portugal but failed 3 times (with the help of England army mostly) - Portugal was always trying to mind their own business since the beginning of their history, even on the discoverment era we mostly just wanted to establish trade routes and spread knowledge (slave market was a consequence of the politics surrounding nobility) tho

@lucofparis4819

5 жыл бұрын

@@sophiemartin7778 Untrue. What is now Swiss was a country heavily involved in european history for thousands of years. The neutrality politic of modern Swiss is in fact a consequence of being now reluctant to get involved too much.

@lucofparis4819

5 жыл бұрын

@@axelcorreia6834 Untrue. Like other european countries Portugal was involved into politics, wars, and yes, religious affairs for quite a while. There was indeed a will to "live and let live", so to speak. But this was never truly achieved. Greetings from a half french, half Portuguese by the way 😉.

16:26 haha France against all and finally won ! Badass

Talk to any french and they will tell you that the first french King was Clovis in the sixth century...not Charlemagne and his successors in the ninth... Nothing to talk about: Just 3 centuries... (longer than the entire history of the us)but, hey ! Whose counting ??? ( no offense to US here Just pure algebra) lol 😁

@aeralu4986

3 жыл бұрын

Clovis (Chlodwig) as Charlemagne (Karl der Große) were kings of the franks, not french kings. They are part of the french History as they are part of the Germany History (could include even more western countries history)

@roms4154

3 жыл бұрын

@@aeralu4986 are you german ? if we want to find a date that make the fondation of germany is in east francia with otto the first in 842 ! so yes we share france and germany the same history at the beginning !! but i think you call france frankreich in german ! no ? the franks are the people who founded france !!

@aeralu4986

3 жыл бұрын

@@roms4154 I'm not german but it doesn't matter right? All I'm saying here is it doesn't make sense to consider Clovis and Charlemagne as french kings because we are talking about something that didn't even exist back then (or if you prefer, they were kings for what is called now France, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, switzerland, even a part of Denmark) I have no idea how the History is taught in France but if you consider franks as the only people who founded France, then you have a lack of knowledge of your own History. Franks were Germanic speakers coming from the East and yes they were part of the foundation of many nowadays countries but not only France... By the way, France has not been founded only by Franks but also by Celts, Greeks, Romans, Iberans, Vikings, Ligurians, Gauls and what french people are today is a mixt of all these origins and influences.

@roms4154

3 жыл бұрын

@@aeralu4986 look you make a confusion with the maker of france and the ethnicity of french people ! we french are a mixt between celts (gauls) , romans and germanics tribes "like franks , burgundy ,wisigoths" ! but the franks make francia and that is nowday called france ! belgium ,netherland , switzerland were made by HRE !! not the franks ! there is some franks DNA for sure but they didn't found kingdome of netherland , belgium, switzerland or germany ! those countries arrived as unified countries much more later than the reign of the franks in europe !! france as state is very old like england but not the others !! i don't understand how you can't get it ! PS: belgium was a part of france for centuries !

@itsad7194

3 жыл бұрын

yea and im amazed by how short was the medieval France part on this video

So much royal history with revolutionary music playing

@strasbourgeois1

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah. But La Marseillaise was made my a royalist. And it was made when the le roi was still reigning.

This is pretty good. A lot of stereotypes tho (Robespierre never ruled France alone, and Napoleon III's reign is largely underestimated), but I understand you would spend hours if you had to explain and debunk them all.

@LobiX2411

2 жыл бұрын

@@oui2826 Are you French ?

@quoniam426

2 жыл бұрын

Napoleon III was a good economist but a poor diplomat. He launched France into the industrial era but ultimately failed to keep peace and awnsered too quickly to provocation.

Absolutely loved this video! You did a great job of illustrating how, for better, for worse, or both, France has been instrumental in shaping Europe. I would love to see you do a video on Poland, if possible!

Louis XVI reigned for 72 years, the longest reign in Europe’s history. Queen Elizabeth: *Hold my Tea*

@frunce

5 жыл бұрын

thats only 67 years for Elizbeth II

@Percevalois

4 жыл бұрын

it was Louis XIV and not Louis XVI

@cboisvert2

4 жыл бұрын

so much that by the end, the country was ruined. Voltaire writes: "so long that the end makes us forget the beginning"

@alistairt7544

4 жыл бұрын

Louis XIV monsieur 😉

@fioncalme6008

4 жыл бұрын

Guillotine that bitch Oups... Sorry I'm French 🙂

15:26 Fun fact: THIS is where the political terms of "Left-" and "Right-Wing" came from.

@derpynerdy6294

2 жыл бұрын

yep and when napoleon was now in charge of france both the left and right were worried that sometimes hes lefty and sometimes hes righty good stuff

"France cannot be France without greatness." - Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle

@rafaelcalvo3516

5 жыл бұрын

Too much empty nationalism. Look at all the poverty ,misery and violence in most of the ex-colonal empire of France.

@lucofparis4819

5 жыл бұрын

@@rafaelcalvo3516 Oh, you mean, like in former New France aka USA for example? Seriously dude, confirmation bias won't help you understand anything in the world. If you wanna compare apples, compare them to apples. You'll quickly see what's really fucking up the "former colonies" you're mentioning without realising they were from various countries that had either different or similar approaches. All results were the same regarding certain areas... Because it has nothing to do with colonisation, duh. This is not the factor at play here. And you won't make any progress unless you actually get the full picture.

@Marhakon

5 жыл бұрын

Then France is no more...

@lucofparis4819

5 жыл бұрын

@@Marhakon That's debatable. France is still top 20 out of the 198 countries that exist in the world. Could do more, sure, but being in the top 10% is certainly what you could call greatness. The problem of France isn't that it needs to be "Great again". It is that it needs to *stay great* and for that, it needs to clean up the political and cultural mess that threatens its greatness.

@mohammedelshrief2687

4 жыл бұрын

@@lucofparis4819 I wish I was French :(, I live in Canada least.

After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William "Guillaume le Conquérant" marched on London and received the city’s submission. On Christmas Day of 1066, he was crowned the first Norman king of England, in Westminster Abbey, and the Anglo-Saxon phase of English history came to an end. French became the language of the king’s court and gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxon tongue to give birth to modern English. (Illiterate like most nobles of his time, William spoke no English when he ascended the throne and failed to master it despite his efforts. Thanks to the Norman invasion, French was spoken in England’s courts for centuries and completely transformed the English language, infusing it with new words.) William “ Guillaume le conquérant “ I proved an effective king of England, and the “Domesday Book,” a great census of the lands and people of England, was among his notable achievements.

@cpj93070

Жыл бұрын

Normans were Vikings, you are speaking English today not French you better get used to that.

@jbqu3142

Жыл бұрын

@@cpj93070 la civilisation est arrivée en Angleterre par la France et ça tu n’y peux rien. Aujourd’hui les normands sont français et parlent français, tu es mieux de t’y habituer. De plus, j’ignore comment écrire connard en anglais et ça ne me tente pas de l’apprendre.

@wertyuiopasd6281

Жыл бұрын

The invasion was accepted and helped by the King of France. At hastings, there were Frenchmen, bretons and French normans.

@cpj93070

3 ай бұрын

@@wertyuiopasd6281 You are speaking the language of my people from England, you still mad that English is the number one world de-facto language, and French isn't,your nation is turning into Muslim land as well.

What a historical video! I loved it! 🇫🇷💙 France has a history like nobody else. I just finished a book of Gustave Le Bon Psichology of revolution and I see that everything is connected. What is happening now in France it is just a reflections from past all these protests is in their blood from previous generations. I am from Lithuania and when Napoleon Bounaparte went to Russia he stopped in Vilnius. And from this time we have St. Anne's church which got in to the eye of Napoleon. He was so fond of it that he said: "If I would be able I would take it to my palm and take it to France". It is one of Europe's Gothic style diamonds 💎 I kindly welcome you to visit Vilnius 💛💚♥️ #Gothic #France #Lithuania #Vilnius #VisitVilnius

@Gruzditas

4 жыл бұрын

goo.gl/search/Vilniaus+%C5%A0v.+Onos+ba%C5%BEny%C4%8Dia+Maironio+g.+8 📍 Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia Maironio g. 8 (8-676) 74463

Being french myself, it really helped me to have a more objective view on my own country... thanks! :) The Entire History of Russia would be great, considering how important their story is!

@agoncalves5241

2 жыл бұрын

Je ne suis pas sur que la vision de l'histoire de France écrite par des peuples en guerre avec elle soit très objective non plus. Sa vidéo est pleine de raccourcis, d'omissions et d'analyses fortement contestables.

@catenaris

2 жыл бұрын

@@agoncalves5241 Certes! Mais c'est quand même intéressant d'avoir les 2 sons de cloche...

@ThibaudD__

2 жыл бұрын

sa video est bourré d'erreurs et de raccourci..., il ne parle presque pas du moyen age alors que c'est notre apogée et les 2/3 de notre histoire....

There were 53 major conflicts in Europe. France will have been a belligerent in 49 of them, and the United Kingdom in 43. Of the 185 battles that France has fought over the last 800 years, its armies will have won 132 of them, and lost 43, leaving only 10 indecisive battles Thus giving the French military the record of victories in Europe and therefore in the world. France is the nation that has participated in the greatest number of war and battle throughout the history of Humanity. - Over the last 800 years France has beaten more than 200 years against England, more than 150 years against the Germanic nations, more than 190 years against the Spanish / Portuguese, and against many other nations. Very often these wars were waged against France, which was outnumbered by coalitions of several nations aimed at destroying it. France, the warrior nation par excellence, the strategies deployed by these generals are still studying today, including the campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte. On all the lands and continents France has shown the world what it was worth in the fight. But France is also the one that colonized England in 1066, this Francized country for centuries to the point that 40% of English words are of French origin. It is the Nation Daughter-eld of the church, because the first barbarian King of Europe to be converted is none other than Clovis I, King of the Franks, she is therefore the protector of the Christianity, even in her national borders we feel the destiny. The one that dismantled the 900-year-old Holy Roman Empire. Allowing Germany to be born 65 years later. That which allowed the independence of the USA fighting in America against the English. The country of "Dynasties" Many European kings have French ancestries. - Under Saint Louis France is the richest and most populous country in Europe as well as the most developed intellectually and artistically influencing all of Europe. - The Amerindians nicknamed the King of France the Great Onontio "the greatest mountain of the earth" at the end of the seven-year war, overwhelmed then by the French defeat and their fate throw in the hands of the English who will exterminate them thereafter. The one that dominated Europe for several centuries making her royal court the most popular and appreciated by the Kings of Europe. The country of humanism and human rights and the first modern European democracy. But France is something else: France is the second nation in the world to have done the most invention and discovery. - It was the 2nd largest colonial empire in the world, spanning all continents and oceans. - It has the 1st largest global maritime area before the US in 2018 - It is the largest nation in the European Union in terms of area. - First European Agricultural Power and 4th world. - 5th world military power and 1st European. - 5th World Economic Power. - Permanent member of the UN alongside the USA, Russia, China and England. - 2nd industrial and commercial power of Europe. France is also the third country in the world to have manufactured the atomic bomb. France is also a space power, the third nation to conquer space, the most important space budget of the European agency. France is also famous for its gastronomy around the world. France is also the first nation in terms of Art.1 world tourist destination far ahead of the others French is today the 5th most spoken language in the world - French is the 3rd language of business in the world - French is the 4th language of the internet. - French is the 4th language of the internet.

@steph77491

6 жыл бұрын

yay

@charlesottowilliamwade5328

6 жыл бұрын

I'd love if you typed that up but instead of posting it you discarded it

@leowilly29

6 жыл бұрын

J'ai envie de dire: Bravo! C'est magnifiquement écrit en tout cas! You sum up it very well.

@jacquesdurieu3855

6 жыл бұрын

Le gars est déter

@matthewdokoupil1664

6 жыл бұрын

4th nation to develop and use the bomb Manhattan Project - America and Britain developed jointly but deployed by America. 1945 RDS-1 - First Russian/Soviet deployment of a nuclear weapon. 1949 Hurricane - First British atomic detonation. 1952 Gerboise Bleue - First French bomb. 1960

Thanks for putting all these fragmented historical nuggets in a tightly knit context. Bravo! 🎉

well, the frankish empire was divided not because of its size, but because of the salic law that stated that each son had to inherit a part of their father possession...

2:08 Charles the VI aka time traveling Vladimir Putin

@ofeliarios4042

6 жыл бұрын

KUNGFUFUMAN Putins everywhere man. You just have to keep your eyes open to spot him.

@stefanetienney2666

5 жыл бұрын

Made my day

@firstnamelastname4249

5 жыл бұрын

he was called the mad btw

@hansriseli6975

4 жыл бұрын

Lmao

@Perririri

3 жыл бұрын

*R O I C H A R L E S VI L A R G E*

The French surrender jokes got old really fast(literally 70% of the comments). It’s pretty dumb considering the victories in the Napoleonic era and WWI.

@OdysseyThe01

6 жыл бұрын

Felipe Luengas And literally every part of French history excluding WWII...

@barnvandiebos9070

6 жыл бұрын

Doesnt matter because you surrendered in ww2.

@me67galaxylife

6 жыл бұрын

You're not funny anymore you underaged kid

@triplesharigan

6 жыл бұрын

WWI? was mostly won because of english blockades and germany faced depleting resources. At the end of WWI not one russian, belgian, english or french soldier set foot on german soil before they surrendered. France has a rich history on which they may be proud, but WWI is kinda a bad pick... even though I love the French history and see what a great nation it once was. During WWI i was disgusted with them that has a lot to do with the respect and moral compass between the leaders during different times of the same country.

@louishaumont8566

6 жыл бұрын

Laurens Brand Sure, Germany was defeated more by the blockade starving out the country BUT a- the french did just as much as the british to put together that blockade (they patrolled the Mediterenean while the brits patrolled the North Sea) and b- the french practically held France alone from 1914 to 1917, against a stronger country that had invaded their industrial regions. So if France had not held for all that time, the blockade wouldn't even have begun to had an effect.

Germans: Proclame themselves an empire in Versailles French and allies: Take colonies from germans, control their country and make them pay for the war *_in Versailles_*

Excellent video. I didn't know it was possible to teach good history in so short a time. Well done and thanks for posting.

But how can it be 23 minutes if the entire history of the world (I guess) is under 20???

@guyperson5832

6 жыл бұрын

Spencer Twiddy Because the French already think that the world revolves around them.

@grahamturner2640

6 жыл бұрын

Guy Person XD

@benselectionforcasting4172

6 жыл бұрын

Guy Person we can make a religion out of this

@Syvorji

6 жыл бұрын

no, don't

@danacosta5841

6 жыл бұрын

Aditya Sanjeev no, we Americans just don't care about the rest of the world.

Wow thank you so much for that detailed diagram of the 7 coalitions at 17:09, that will come in handy someday

This is a really great video summarizing the events, also the way you decide to end it is very professional. Welldone!

Fantastic vid, you hit all the high points for us to look into detail on our own. Merci.

Wooow, this video was so amazing! If you do do more of these History videos, I'm sure people would love them - I certainly did. 👏👏👏👏 Thank you for this History lesson😊

Thanks man. Can you do a Winners and Losers about languages? That would really cool. Keep doing the best videos.

I was adopted in 1959, and lived in The Bronx, NY, then, Brewster, NY and was born in Montreal. I found my biological family in 1999 at 40 years old Canada. Since I love history, I researched when I received a genealogical chart, of both my grandparents family, that dates back to Normandie in the 1600's. Now, I need to know why they left when they did for Canada, and with this video, I can produce a timeline....I love history, especially when it's my own! My father had come to Canada from Hungary during the Revolution in 1956. I have quite the heritage, and I want to be certain, my grandchildren are left with a book of both my backgrounds, biological and pure love and acceptance...

Hi! I love your videos! I can’t wait for part 4 of the Complex Borders Series

Who else loves watching history in this accent

@Ida-xe8pg

6 жыл бұрын

boris accent is better

@Ida-xe8pg

6 жыл бұрын

that spanish accent is good bbbuuutttttttttttt life of boris accent is better

@AlexBaklanov

6 жыл бұрын

Oh God, yes!))) My favourite accent on KZread! )

@norik434

6 жыл бұрын

What even is his accent? Northern Irish?

@JS4____

5 жыл бұрын

norik434 Scottish

you're an absolute and fascinating riot of information ! do everything ! ( I'm not in agreement with everything thing said , as so much is left out , but you're witty and entertaining and full of tidbits of fun , and historical facts ! actually I'm amazed at how much you're able to squeeze into such a short span of time , condensing over a thousand years of story into twenty minutes is a feat ! really enjoyed it , do more !

Great job! Your efforts are much appreciated!

Great short but very informative piece of work. Well done

20:56 WTF ? tens of thousands of american change nothing about french victory ... review your books honestly (you played too much at Battlefield 1 maybe ...)

@julienbouet2066

3 жыл бұрын

Russians have done a pretty big part of this job.. But you'r soldiers haven't be useless and this help was really appreciate

@teslaasmr9375

2 жыл бұрын

@@julienbouet2066 What are you talking about ? Russians surrendered to Germany. You confuse WW1 and WW2 I guess.

@pianoman1857

2 жыл бұрын

@@teslaasmr9375 No he's right, the eastern front was devastating for both Russia and Germany ad that's not because one belligerant "surrenders" that it has done nothing in the war

@baptistebrigand5882

2 жыл бұрын

..

Omfg... This was a blast. Would personally love more of these... Of course, Russia, Britain, Roman, Ottoman Empires, and the various dynasties that ruled China are wanted videos. Hope you cover these as fast as you possibly can.

Excellent video mate! Really thorough and interesting

Thank you so much for this video. It has been such a convenient, information packed, way to learn about France. I will have to watch it again to make sure I didn't miss anything.

@chickenwings5821

Жыл бұрын

Moi aussi! 🇫🇷

A very good summary! Thank you. Just one quibble - the first World War was won on the eastern front - the West (France) was mostly a stalemate situation with horrific losses on both sides (just look at Verdun!). The critical factor was the breakthrough on the Macedonian front in 1918 and the surrender of Bulgaria that exposed Austria's eastern flank, even before the Americans could be fully deployed. Certainly the USA was important, but the eastern front (and Romania coming back on the Allies' side) was decisive.

Can you do a video on Spanish and French colonization in North America? Everyone knows the British colonies, but my hometown in Wisconsin is 350 years old, and most people outside Canada & the Great Lakes/Upper Mississippi don't understand the fur trade era. And many Americans have a poor grasp on the full extent of Spanish colonization.

Thanks! Really great summary. It gives me a framework of what to. Ow go off and learn about French history

Brilliant, thanks for your summary! Much appreciated!!!

There were 53 major conflicts in Europe. France has been a belligerent in 49 of them, and the UK in 43. Among the 185 battles that France has delivered over the last 800 years, her armies will have won 132 of them, and will have lost 43, leaving only 10 undecided battles, giving the French military the record of victories in Europe

@MrGarrett

6 жыл бұрын

This fucking guy gets it.

@tryphonunzouave8384

6 жыл бұрын

+Barn Van die Bos Alan Parker, British flag, does that sound French to you ?

@stefane4581

6 жыл бұрын

Barn Van die Bos We surrendered in one war, jackass.

@barnvandiebos9070

6 жыл бұрын

Geneva Mapping yes the last war you fought and you lost

@me67galaxylife

6 жыл бұрын

+Barn Van de Bos Don't speak about history when you don't know about history

As someone from the UK, I am only glad we had such a worthy opponent 🇬🇧 ❤️ 🇫🇷

@myri_the_weirdo

Жыл бұрын

As someone from France, I wanna say you were a pain, we wanted to fight the Austrian what were you doing messing with us

@wertyuiopasd6281

Жыл бұрын

Only Europe was a worthy opponent.

@MikeYm98875

8 ай бұрын

We fought eachother like house of the dragon and now our decent begins

Truly amazing video, although several important details are skipped. But I enjoyed watching it!

Just brilliant. Thank you for your efforts.

France actually won most of it's wars, it's batting average would be above 500. Yet it's only know for losing and surrender.

@barnvandiebos9070

6 жыл бұрын

KeyWestGlenn because they surrendered in ww2 so all those previous "wins" dont matter

@sneakydragon9108

6 жыл бұрын

In that case the American loss in Vietnam is more important than their victory in 1945, there is also Iraq and Afghanistan where the US Army didn't really shine either.

@barnvandiebos9070

6 жыл бұрын

Léo but no one cares about vietnam or afghanistan

@illonakarl-fuyu4180

6 жыл бұрын

US totally won WW2 pacific war, but it's Russia&England who won European. Sorry for anticommies hollywood propaganda.

@grandmanitou6563

6 жыл бұрын

In the end germany as pretty much won nothing for the past 150 years ( including losing WWI and II ) and is now seeing its original population dominated by newcomers from the middle-east with a stunning spike in rapes and criminality, after losing everything to the rest of the world they are now being little bitches in their own country, truly a country of weaklings and failures.

Have a drink everything he says "Rivarly that will last for centuries"

17:01 *Emperor of the French

@wilhelmlegothdegascogne9674

4 жыл бұрын

Of Europe*

Probably the best video I've ever seen on youtube. If I had a super like or a super favourite to show this was my favourite video I would. Good work my friend.

The only event that I'm somewhat disappointed by the fact that it was left out was the Cathar Crusade, but beyond that this was a very concise and informative video giving a broad overview of French history from its origin to the 20th century. Bravo my good sir.

10:16 Just looking at that family tree makes me cringe

@WonderWhy

6 жыл бұрын

The more you look at it the more horrifying it is, really. Philip IV married his first cousin and then his niece...

@urmum3088

6 жыл бұрын

AHHHH the Habsburg chin strikes again!

@oliverhees4076

6 жыл бұрын

Makes my head hurt just looking at it.

@merrittanimation7721

6 жыл бұрын

And this is why incest is bad. You may cause several wars

@Etrehumain123

6 жыл бұрын

Look at CPG grey british family tree on youtube man

This was quality, would be great if you could make this a series with other countries ;)

Wow . France history so complicated. you did well explaining in chronological order to make other people understand. Good Job

The number of errors, intentionally or unintentionally, is incredible and always in favor of the Anglo-Saxon vision. Let's take for example the last century. It was not the arrival of the US soldiers that turned the tide of the war, they entered the battle when the balance of power had already tipped. The presence of the US soldiers made us win 1 years of war and therefore of preserved lives, which must be admitted. Then, he forgets the preponderant role economically, energetically, financially, politically (enormous pressure of the diplomats so that France does not build the Maginot line until the North Sea, or we can evoke the British role to prevent France from allying itself to the Soviet Union as soon as Germany was remilitarized, to prevent the influence of France in Western Europe and to allow the continuity of the German-British commercial exchanges) and industrially (surface military) of the United States and the United Kingdom on the recomposition of the German power and therefore the Nazis. And, it is better not to speak of the revolutions supposedly originating from the people, while they were organized by the bourgeoisie, and followed by urbanites affiliated with bourgeois affairs. And so the excuse of balance of power invented by the English makes me laugh, unless we call balance of power the important of the talented English diplomats who excelled in their fields. It is the only country, which however dominated the seas, and thus the maritime trade to their profits, never suffered a single coalition against it. The alliance between Saxon and Germanic cousins was always easy. The problem with videos or films is that they are now based on the Anglo-Saxon vision of history, whereas we have known for a long time that they have a mania for rewriting history for their own benefit. They only celebrate their victories, while in the Latin vision, we can also honor our defeats, the most example is camerone for the legion.

@supersayan8951

2 жыл бұрын

Youre not wrong but someone already made this comment, word for word.

@zeitgeistx5239

Жыл бұрын

Eh JP Morgan and Friends literally bankrolled France during WW1. You are right that the war turned before US troops entered the war but US aid was critical to France’s ability to fight the war as long as it did as ww1 was a giant battle of attrition.

@cpj93070

Жыл бұрын

Seriously what is it with you French? you just can't take it that you lost quite a lot of wars in your history can you?

@granitesevan6243

Жыл бұрын

​@@cpj93070 exactly. They're almost as bad as the Americans. Those jokers have never won a serious war without British help either, but you wouldn't know it to hear them brag

@filipasales9291

Жыл бұрын

True. We Portuguese are ignored the same way😂. Their language being spoken everywhere does this.

"The whole history of the Roman Empire", from the foundation of Rome in -753 BC to the fall of the last Byzantine territory, the Principality of Theodoros in 1479 AD. this is the dream.

Excellent presentation dude! Well researched and scripted.

13:20 “Although some minor skirmishes happened in North America between the French and British colonies...” Where I come from, those were HUGE events. Fort Duquesne, and later Fort Pitt, held a major strategic position at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, in what is now Pittsburgh. In fact, the entire American theater of the war started with a dispute over control of the area. They had a major impact on the history of this area.

Palpatine would have a good relation with Louis XIV

@quitmarck

6 жыл бұрын

Palpatine is basically based on Louis XIV

@jeanvaljean9293

5 жыл бұрын

except Louis XIV never actually said "I'm the state", that's a myth and he understood good was above him. the protestant history is very different that what was explain. The lower administration were coming to him with list of fake conversations and he tried to push the "few" protestant left.

@kakhagvelesiani3877

5 жыл бұрын

+Shruk Pls Based on Louis XIV ? Is that how they teach history in USA ? Palpatine and Louis have almost nothing in common

@GY-bd9bo

5 жыл бұрын

@@kakhagvelesiani3877 the way they teach history in America is "focus on american events, gloss over the genocides, mention Europe about once"

@kevinnigins9488

4 жыл бұрын

GY1415 ya not true.

15:31 It's the Declaration of Pillnitz (or »Pillnitzer Deklaration« in German), named after the place, Pillnitz, where it was signed. The -er is just a German suffix indicating origin, just like »Pilsener« means 'from Pilsen (Plzeň)'.

Thanks for this Video . Explains so much !

Hey , French subscriber here!! I thank you a lot for your work and the quality of your videos! About this video: first, It is really a pretty good summary, even if it's a bit "too scholar" for me. Beside, to respond to other french comments, I actually agree with you about the beginning of your timeline. For a lot of French people, the Gauls are part of the French history, whereas there are as "german" as "french" actually! But I would like to underline what I think is an major omission. In less than 25 minutes, i totally understand that you can't quote everything. But at least, you could have spent 30 seconds for the years between the two world wars, in particular to talk about "Le Front Populaire". The social system that rules the country nowadays is a very important part of our current identity (like paid vacations, social security, free education, etc.), and this was more or less caused by the political decisions took by Le Front Populaire. We are not the only one with such a social system, but we were the fisrt on many levels (I think...). Voilà! It is just my very humble opinion! Thanks again for your channel. Looking forward to the next video.

@augth

Жыл бұрын

The Gauls have nothing German, you are thinking of the Franks

You should do this with more countries

I wish they kept making videos, because these are so great

Many thanks ! I’m french and I try to improve my English while watching your video ahah that’s really ethnocentric...

13:52 "France was more than happy to help" might be a bit misleading. It took a lot of convincing by John Adams to get France, still a monarchy, to support a country that just revolted to form an elected government, however their naval support was critical in the revolutions success.

That one person that is immortal and is French: are you ever going to stop having wars

@TheCureLoverr

3 жыл бұрын

No we love wars 😍

Ooh, a long one! *brews tea* Long videos are good. Also, opening with "Le Début" - I knew it was going to be good, just from that. Love your work, as they used to casually say.

I would be very interested in seeing a video on the crisis of 1958 and how DeGaulle came back to power and how the modern 5th republic was established.

Love France from Romania...France was the only contry who helped us...I know that now days France didn't like us but my respect remain the same...God bless you

@echomarin8893

4 жыл бұрын

I wonder why you say we don't love you. You are a latin people. Maybe because a lot of roms (gypsies) go in France? I have a friend marry with a moldovian girl (yes not romanian but you are cousin) et they have french children. 🤗

Before saying that the France just surrender, remember: -France has the most successfully army in Europe -France is the country that most wined wars in the world -France has the best army in Europe in now days -They had a 100 years war (and technically wined) -France X England (4X3 for France) -France X Germany (7X4 for France) -France X Russia (4X2 for France) -United States, Chile, Peru, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and all Central America, just are independents because France

@pedrohenriquecarvalho5722

6 жыл бұрын

1-If you are just making a JOKE, no problem, this comment is for peoples who really think France has a bad army 2-Coalitions are individually wars

@AgentSmith911

6 жыл бұрын

Nah, the only time France was tough was when Napoleon got to rule

@terribledecisions5413

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah they "wined" alot

@Damo2690

6 жыл бұрын

#triggered

@pedrohenriquecarvalho5722

6 жыл бұрын

Hoss Cartwright nah, the only time they didn't wore badass was in the 16th and 17th centuries

Thank you so much for this! French history has always been blurry for me. Thanks to this and a Wikipedia article, “Family Tree of French monarchs (simplified)” it’s a lot more clear now! And holy cow! That’s a lot of wars!!!

Great stuff! Thanks. Of course, it amounts to an hour because you have to watch it several times with pausing just to figure out who's who. Our modern world seems remarkably stable by comparison!

Great video as usual. Of course you had to skip some important parts but you had to keep it short. I have just a regret is that sometimes this type of videos focus a bit too much about military history and not enough about the construction of some social specifics of a country. For example some events like la Commune or the Dreyfus Case had major consequences on the French social structure. It might be really interesting for outsiders to discover those things that are our defining heritage for us but overwhelmingly unknown for foreigners.

I've been taking a course on the French Revolution, and I've got the exam next week, so this was actually quite helpful!

@goofygrandlouis6296

Жыл бұрын

Here's a good summary for your exam : 1) guillotine 2) guillotine 3) guillotine.

Very much liked the video, hopping you make more like them.

Quick thing on WWII and decolonization : French managed to retain its independance from a US-controlled nation (such as Germany), not only thanks to De Gaulle and the Resistance, but also thanks to the colonies. French colonies and its warriors (known as the tirailleurs) fought valiantly alongside British troops against Nazi Germany and actually made the tide turn long before D-Day (in Algeria, the résistance took Alger from Vichy in 1942). De Gaulle even mentioned them in his infamous speech of the 18th of June 1840. On the 8th of May, 1945, as the French colonial power was celebrating the victory against Germany, algerians nationalists began peaceful protests for their nationalization, as 15% of its male population was enlisted for the war and the country was starving. They were asking for equal rights as the colons and the same status. One protester was shot by the French police (which was still filled with Vichy-minded officers) and riots began. This later became known in history as the Massacre of Setif, Guelma and Kherrata, as 100 Europeans were killed, and between 10 000 to 45 000 Algerians, men and women, protestors and innocents were massacred by the French police and army with methods that very much resembled the nazi way (such as burning the bodies in ovens). This horrendous historical crime is what triggered a huge national sentiment in Algeria, which led, 9 years later, to the beginning of the Algerian Revolution.

2:45 Does anybody else think Philip the Good looks like Frollo from Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame?

I don't know why I expected an image of a blonde anime Saber-face girl from Fate when you mentioned Joan of Arc XDD

Well done and thank you an ole history teacher

amazing video sir. learned a lot.

Interesting, I was hoping that you would have covered some of French history in south east Asia. I have read some interesting books on Vietnam and growing up while the US stupidly followed all of France’s mistakes. Of course we also failed to read the history of Afghanistan, when we didn’t look at 3 different wars with Britain (some of my maternal and paternal relatives died for “crown and country”) and we didn’t learn from history in that case either. But it was an interesting and educational video. Not much about the auld alliance, that would have also been interesting. Having been to Scotland 12 times to visit my family, I don’t have any difficulty with your mild accent ( Edinburgh? Low lands?) but I’m curious how many Americans can understand you?

Napoleon: I'm back, y'all ready for round 2! French Army: ok. *Speech 100*

@Perririri

3 жыл бұрын

Normie

Excellent video my friend. As a French i can say you nailed it.

Top class! I love this channel.

The Carolingian empire was nog dividend because of the lack of communication but by the law that each son must inherate a part of the empire. And in this case it was divided between Lothaire Charles the Bald and Louis the German