The lockdown has been tough, and the livestream format we have is not ideal, but what we do absolutely love is that we are now able to bring you scientists from all corners of the world. Katie Mack has been one of our favourite people for such a long time so to have her speak as part of this series is a dream come true.

@patrickaycock3655

3 жыл бұрын

Id love to visit the R.I. one day, but i cant afford the trip.

@Enonymouse_

3 жыл бұрын

I appreciate the efforts persons like her make to bring this information to the world, we are all better for it.

@Mark_o_Helm

3 жыл бұрын

1:20 100 bill stars? Then Elite dangerous with its 400 bill. is far from acurate.😑

@PetraKann

3 жыл бұрын

Tough? On whom? Are you still being paid? Do you have a roof over your head? Access to the internet? Clean water, food, electricity? You're right - many are doing it very tough!

@Pikachu-iw1se

3 жыл бұрын

This presentation reminds me of a documentary by another man, his KZread is “melodysheep” he creates a 3D model of what the future will hold and the infinite wonders of deep space. This person has the sources to present a perfect sense representation of the topic of choice. The main source would be nasa themselves, I’d recommend watching the “time lapse of the future” video, that is a very interesting video with a fantastic form of describing how the universe will end.

It is an awesome book. I have through 100 pages and it has blown me away.

The pure joy she radiates at 32:49 - My heart melted

"...it would be hubris to think we know enough to be specifically scared of any particular ending." I just love this sentence.

@larrybud

3 жыл бұрын

I don't agree. We know a lot about a lot of stuff, some of which we can say for certainty. After all, we know enough to launch ships (and people) to other worlds.

@larrybud

3 жыл бұрын

@@panaccoman Not speaking of the specific rocket making, but of the physics behind getting there.

@ginsubrown

3 жыл бұрын

Love it too. (Re Emma Goldman: my grandfather was a union official on the Lower East Side and met her.)

@aguywhoreallywantsyoutokno8443

3 жыл бұрын

@@panaccoman thanks. corrected.

@philcoombes2538

3 жыл бұрын

@@aguywhoreallywantsyoutokno8443 p man you are being trolled by a clown who disbelieves the Apollo moon landings..

I learn something new every lecture and today it was the pink image at around 12:00, immediately before the microwave background and how it's only a turning up of the resolution that gives us the blue and yellow image. This adds to the understanding that the differences in colour are minute effect. So, well done for that Katie

Fantastic presentation. Thank you!

Higgs-field-tunneling cascade event (catastrophic vacuum decay) probability: "... it's like everybody on Earth winning the lottery at exactly the same time while being struck by lightning..." (ALL said with a glowing, confident smile, no less). I can't imagine a better, more realistic, OR more hopeful description of something that no one *ever* has to worry about, even though they know the odds demand that it eventually *will* happen. Brava, Dr. Mack. You *rock* at getting your message across in clear language. Please keep doing what you do the way you do it, and don't stop telling us about it. :-)

This is a super presentation with so much good information. It is tying up lots of ideas and concepts for me that were fuzzy. And thank goodness for the pause and rewind buttons! Really enjoying this!

Gotta admit, I listened to this on a whim after listening to the Hozier song and hearing Katie Mack mentioned for her heat death lecture. I'm really glad I did! I'm not very "science smart" but the way Katie explains everything is very straightforward and clear. This was interesting :)

Yeah, new RI video... always makes my day 👍

Such a concise presentation. Thanks for making my world a more meaningful place.

Thank you so much for this, fantastic viewing , much appreciated

What always amazes me about the CBR is how those guys figured out that it wasn't just an anomaly. She even points out that you have to really crank up the contrast to see what's going on. Really smart guys, as they say!

Absolutely fantastic content. Thanks a lot The Ri.

I'm gonna buy this book. I'm sure that I'll enjoy it!!

Excellent presentation. Thanks. Loved the pics of the night sky from earth of the collision with Andromeda. As a Minnesota Viking fan, I had to wonder if 188 billion years till the Big Rip is enough time for my Vikings to get to their 5th Super Bowl.

Thank you I loved this so much!! 🌌

So happy you mentioned the important Henrietta Swan Leavitt. My hero. 🌱☘️🍁🌺🌿 I liked your book very much. 🌻🌻🌻

Whoa! Mind blown. Great stuff here.

"The End of Everything" - You raise my hopes, and then crush them with 'billions of years'.

@grayaj23

3 жыл бұрын

I think 2020 has already been an eternity and it seems like it will never end.

@ishanr8697

3 жыл бұрын

Don't worry, the end of your universe will come much sooner.

@n.v.9000

3 жыл бұрын

@@grayaj23 just becuase you a little baby...if 2020 was tough how would you discribe 1939-1945...or any other year with no medicines, delivery of food, internet in home and lights during night time and indoor toilets and hot water from taps? we never had it easier then last 20yr....and then you cant take selfies outside becuase it is difficult to wear a mask and obey few instructions....if we listened in january it would all be over by now...

the end of the universe is in a very very very very long time. It's so long that calling it "forever" is an appropriate way. Right now, be happy. We were born at the right time in the right place.

What a nice presentation! congrats

Love and respect u all from Kashmir..... Thanks for sharing.... I love and enjoy yours debates...❤️❤️❤️

excellent talk, really enjoyed it

Thanks for sharing!

I love that you pointed out, that the universe can be infinite from the start, even though every point is expanding from each other point. Of course the curvature of the universe goes from flat to infinite, if the energy density is growing. At that point where the density is greater than in a black hole, we come to a paradoxical situation, where nothing can expand from a point, because it's future lies inside the point and not outside the volume it's in. There is something here we obviously have not understood yet.

@michaeldamolsen

3 жыл бұрын

What lies inside the point is the future of trajectories THROUGH spacetime. The limitations you think of have to do with geodesics, not with the underlying spacetime.

Very interesting! Thank you!

Do not worry about Vacuum decay. Me at 3 a.m. not sleeping: Still don't worry about vacuum decay.

Her book is great!

Taking the accelerating expansion of the universe into account. Could a phase transition catch up with its own cosmic event horizon (from the frame of reference of its own start point) or even its own particle horizon? If not, where does the boundary end? Also, is there a difference between a vacuum decay and a phase transition?

Thank you Katie this is a stellar presentation!!! Stay safe stay dangerous

25:15 "It's a rather depressing way to go, I think, if you're going to be a universe". I was thinking about being a universe, but I decided to work in an office instead.

Katie Mack is awesome

Katie, the joyous way in which you described the demise of everything we know, due to "a heat death" didn't sound at all frightening..(:

Katie mack so articulate 😍

Awesome ❤️❤️❤️

Wouldn't the "pull" of gravity lessen as objects become farther apart, which would allow the object to move away faster?

She is very delighted to witness the universe end!

A talk about the end of the universe, but no mention of the restaurant you find there? Heresy! :-D

@jogon1052

3 жыл бұрын

I think Douglas had to close it because of the virus. But they were able to wear a mask so could get round that.

@aussiebloke609

3 жыл бұрын

@@jogon1052 I wonder what happened with Hotblack Desiato - he was already dead (for tax purposes) before the virus hit. LOL

@n.v.9000

3 жыл бұрын

worse part of trying to learn about universe it's that there is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened.

@merlinpinkfeather

3 жыл бұрын

@@n.v.9000 what theories are u high or what?

@n.v.9000

3 жыл бұрын

@@merlinpinkfeather read the book we are talking about or watch a movie but you will miss on a lot of good jokes in a movie

What an eexcellent prsentation!

this book available in india?

Awesome

I was extremely interested in this book, but it can not hold my attention… I’m struggling with finishing

What a coincidence, i just listened to sean carroll's podcast featuring her with this topic.

What a lovely bedtime story, fur children who BELIEVE in Copernican pseudoscience. Good night kids❤️

Hi AstroKatie, really wish you can give a talk in the real RI hall!

So sad and so good. 🎭🥃

Thanks for your Presentation Chemistry explains the Process much easier

What can we do to prevent the end of everything?

Too bad you couldn't stand behind The Desk of Faraday.

Is it discrete or continuous? Only in the latter case we would only see white at the outside. Why do we see holes in the CMB?

@marvinmauldin4361

3 жыл бұрын

They are not holes. The different colors represent temperature differences of very small amounts.

The lockdown lecturers are talking too fast, they´re cramming my brain with information at top speed. In a lecture room, there´s interaction with the live audience and that seems to slow things down, at least there are pauses like when somebody drops something for example. The lectures are brilliant, but just go at a gentler pace, guys, for us less bright ones!

@n.v.9000

3 жыл бұрын

if you are slow just pause, go back and re-listen....it was fine for me....

an honest question: Where is the center of our universe? If everything is expanding from everything else, isn't there a centralized point from which they're expanding from? If there is a center, where is it? How far is earth and our solar system (or even milky way galaxy) away from this point? Does this place have a name? Thanks!

@Rattus-Norvegicus

3 жыл бұрын

The way it was explained to me is that everywhere is the "center". NGT has a bit about it, try searching that.

@peterhumphreys7078

3 жыл бұрын

Think of the universe as a balloon covered in spots. As the balloon is blown up, each spot gets further away from all its neighbours.

@aylictal

3 жыл бұрын

@@peterhumphreys7078 If it were a balloon, they'd still be contracting away from a singular point.... Sorry I still don't understand.

@lennykazlauskas1101

3 жыл бұрын

I am paraphrasing, but she said 'the universe is infinitely large and is getting bigger. And, it has always been infinite in size even when it was smaller'. She also said that it is hard to comprehend the concept. Personally, I am not believing it, but that is the explanation. They still can't find dark matter much less dark energy!

@lennykazlauskas1101

3 жыл бұрын

She addresses this starting at about 7:30 into the video.

Interesting theory. Though I think we have the numbers but the numbers can’t explain it all, as we know it to be as of today, wait till tomorrow you will see the reality of change...

The goal of all of humanity must be to escape the heat death of the universe!

Nice presentation. After 39:15, one can call it even great.

At the end you talk about the standard model and the fact that is only covers 5% of what the universe is made of. The rest is stuff we don't really know anything about, and indeed, may be artifacts of our equations and the structure of the universe, not really a "thing" like the matter we do know about. You do correctly identify dark matter and dark energy as things unknown. Our language has given them "substance", but this is illusory. So, it is clear that there is lots to do. The fact that we can do quantum mechanics on earth and produce fantastic devices and that we can measure the constants required by quantum mechanics so precisely, and not worry about dark energy or dark matter leads me to believe that these things are not real. We only need them to explain cosmic phenomena. I expect that there is something else going on here. General Relativity is also a successful theory. Of course, it is totally different from quantum mechanics. The issue we have is when we try to combine the two. There is also issue of measurements. Cosmic measurements are very different from quantum measurements. This may also explain some of the issues. Just discovered your videos and ordered the book. I think it in the mailbox. I will get it tomorrow. Looking forward to reading it.

What happened to the theory of Multi Verse or other universes.

@bobthedemon1975

3 жыл бұрын

The talk I watched had that part in it. I think you must be in one of those universes that didn't have it. Sorry.

@skaffen

3 жыл бұрын

@@bobthedemon1975 Wait, KZread is cross-universes now ? What an update :D

At the end of the video I witnessed "The End" I must say it was a lil underwhelming everything went black except for these curious white letters floating in the middle..

Given that there is a part of the Universe which has expanded outside the observable universe, how can we know how long ago the universe began it;s expansion?

@craigramsay53

3 жыл бұрын

Rather than me mangling her explanation of this, get her book. She goes into this in detail.

@AngelAndTheWolf

3 жыл бұрын

@@craigramsay53 I think I was asking her.

@craigramsay53

3 жыл бұрын

@@AngelAndTheWolf Just suggesting you get the book as, at this point, it's unlikely she will answer. And she does go into this.

@AngelAndTheWolf

3 жыл бұрын

@@craigramsay53 Maybe, but I will keep asking other scientist until I get a satisfactory answer.

If we stopped trying to look closer would they simply maintain their current position? ;)

If the Universe is expanding in all directions, how is the andromeda galaxy going to collide with our galaxy?

@carterdills169

2 жыл бұрын

A bit of a late reply, but it's the same as how two people might walk up to each other and shake hands. Since the universe is expanding everywhere, the universe is technically expanding between those two people. But it expands at a finite speed and when the distances are close enough, objects can move faster than the universe expands. The Andromeda Galaxy moves through space faster than space expands between it and the Milky Way, so they'll eventually collide. Your thought isn't entirely false though, because there are cases when the distance IS too large so the universe expands faster than one could travel it. It's just the space between the two galaxies isn't large enough.

🌌

If one assumes "static 3-D universe" then "huble argument" would be "correct" , unfortunately we live in 4-D universe, for example, galaxies collide & merge & some of them are no longer exist ; "bigBang" theory basically originates from from accretion concept as local events & not necessary as for "entire cosmos".....!.....

Quantum tunneling suggests that there are dimensions of space which we are not aware of. Well anyway it looks like that to me.

If all the galaxies in the universe are accelerating away from each other at an ever-increasing rate, how can they collide?

@frhe1970

3 жыл бұрын

Gravity!

@PMA65537

3 жыл бұрын

They aren't ALL - it's the trend over large distances where large means more than the gap between some galaxies.

Here From Bihar india

Not one mention of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology. Really?

Pray for vacuum decay

I'm not sure I understood why we know we're in a false vacuum and not a true vacuum as far as the Higgs field is concerned.

@ParadoxProblems

3 жыл бұрын

If what we know know is right, we can calculate where our universe is on that diagram she showed. That calculation tells us it is a false vacuum.

@McFugo

3 жыл бұрын

We don't... but don't think about it

the end is just the beginning..

I sure do wish we would have been I sure do wish we were in person as well girl. It would be a wonderful thing you me together thank you talking about the Stars

If our descendants are still around in the universe in 4 billion years, they certainly won’t be human anymore.

24:30 This has already occurred in the USA

@Jeon710

3 жыл бұрын

How? It is respective to a 13.8 billion yes old accelerating, expanding universe, not a mere country(relatively).

@mitseraffej5812

3 жыл бұрын

@@Jeon710 . My comment was a sarcastic swipe at the many millions of ignorant morons that call the USA home.

I play golf ⛳️ but I wouldn't tap that

"Once it was determined that distant galaxies were moving away from us ..." Newton and Einstein assumed that dark-matter-compensation-constant = 0. I suggest dark-matter-compensation-constant = (3.9±.5) * 10^-5. According to conventional wisdom, gravitational energy is conserved and the cosmological redshift is caused by the expansion of our universe. Consider the following hypothesis: Nature is finite and digital and, during each Planck time interval, precisely one unit of Fredkin-Wolfram gravitational energy is transferred from the boundary of the multiverse into the interior of the multiverse. Thus, it might be the case that the Riofrio-Sanejouand cosmological model is empirically valid, and the observers and their associated reference frames are blue-shifted, i.e. the observers are shrinking and the radius of our universe is a constant. Is Milgrom the Kepler of contemporary cosmology? Did the Gravity Probe B science team ignore Milgrom's MOND? Did the 4 ultra-precise gyroscope actually work according to design specifications?

Why couldn’t she have just recorded a video in 4K and sent it to Ri through Dropbox or something???

@Baigle1

3 жыл бұрын

Then I wouldn't know what to do with my eyes. Some people might even lose track of their hands.

Heat Death has already started ;).

@skaffen

3 жыл бұрын

Yes, she said it. The apogea of star formation was 10 billions years ago.

I don't understand why someone click the dislike button.... it was a perfect talk

"Hmm, today I will ignore the possibility of vacuum decay, propagating invisibly at the speed of light" *clueless*

Viva Cristo Rey

The goal of all humanity must be to escape this and become gods.

@harichard6366

2 жыл бұрын

@@ForeverStill_Fan1 You need to break from the nihilistic programming and understand humanity and humanity alone has the potential to do anything.

@harichard6366

2 жыл бұрын

@@ForeverStill_Fan1 These ideas have been put into your head by spiteful mutants people with genetic mutations that cause them to think this way. Humans are animals like every other animal, and humans and humans alone have the potential to escape the universe and save many kinds of life from extinction.

@harichard6366

2 жыл бұрын

@@ForeverStill_Fan1 All ideas are put into people's heads at some level, even my own. The world and universe, for that matter, is not a moral place; it belongs to those who take it we took this world at least, and we have the potential to save other animals from the upcoming extinction as well.

@harichard6366

2 жыл бұрын

@@ForeverStill_Fan1 Deal

@harichard6366

2 жыл бұрын

@@ForeverStill_Fan1 I have no problem liquidating some people; we probably will have to to get to the next level.

To all those who vouch for eternal economic growth: there are only 5% of stars left to be created and in the heat death phase, there will be no economic growth

"We won't be around"... seems kind of defeatist to me. If we survive this informed, and at once insanely ignorant phase, we'd BETTER be around, and masters of our environment to the point where we have the capacity to watch from close by. My hope is that we transcend the awfulness of now, and become able to witness the end of this universe as a species. Sure, you and I won't be here, but I hope the human race is here for the death of Sol, and for all the other stars we can see from here.

@skaffen

3 жыл бұрын

I like this. We still have a shitload of problems to solve, main one being sustainable development, but I do have hope like you.

gutted ... I was hoping Andromeda would collide with us in my lifetime .. not 4 friggin billion years *sigh *

We are all doomed.

A large enough thermonuclear explosion near an ocean would create a runaway fusion reaction using ocean hydrogen turning Earth into a death star. Asteroid belt. That would be “the end of the Universe - from our perspective

@Creabsley

3 жыл бұрын

That’s not how fusion works. Please read a book.

@philcoombes2538

3 жыл бұрын

in which case any one of the US' Cold War H-bomb tests at Bikini Atoll & other sites in the Pacific would have done so..

So the ultimate meaning of life is to stop the end of everything.

"... how things are going to progress in the fututure...." Coincidence? No such thing LOL.

I agree with Katie, there is no God.

Cute

Now I know how Thanos destroyed the universe! Just changing the value of Higgs field!

...sounds like a line of a cradle of filth song. 😀

Ur talking impermanence ...I Master impermanence

First, am I?

Aristarchus, the felled tree of life is revealed. it is indeed the end of everything. it is indeed the beginning of everything.

later I want to be scientist too, now I am only 9 years old. there are a few mistakes however in the presentation

Anyone else brought to this video by Hozier?

People who understand the vastness and complexity of the universe and deny the God are true illiterates.

not a good public speaker.. painful to listen to Pity because the subject is interesting ,,,and contentious. too many statements of fact instead of clarification of hypotheses. Mythical entities like black holes, neutron stars and Dark matter and dark energy. Where is the inclusion of Birkland currents, electromagnetic fields and plasma??

@nousernamejoshua1556

3 жыл бұрын

Didn't she say fusion was the speed of light? But it was the absence of any particles as well that came along with it. Sorry it was painful to watch. It has been for me to, painful to watch. But we can't say real light directly interfered with free-will or that em has anything to do with real light. What iff dark energy has intelligence and we just didn't know it, didn't recognize it until nothing but de existed in the plane. Of course you wouldn't recognize light coming.

@lh3540

3 жыл бұрын

correctile dysfunction.