Hi everyone! As you may have guessed, this isn't normally the kind of video that I'd even bother posting to my channel. However, things have changed in the past few weeks. After posting my latest video on making sodium metal, views across Scrap Science have increased by a factor of ten (which is awesome!). With an influx of many new subscribers and viewers over the past three weeks, I've got a new camera, and this video is kind of just here to test it out. Basically, I now have the capability to film in 4k, with slightly better audio quality too. I'm still working out a few things (you probably noticed I have some issues with focusing and exposure at the moment), but I wanted your opinion here. Is filming and posting in 4k worth it? It takes a little longer to edit and upload, but I'm very happy to spend a little extra time waiting for these things if people will appreciate videos with better resolution. Either way, I promise my next video will be more entertaining than this one.

@WaffleStaffel

2 жыл бұрын

IMHO, the difference between 1080 and 4k is nearly imperceptible on a computer size screen. The fact that a sodium video increased your viewership that much is interesting. Unless you have ambitions of living off of youtube income, you just keep doing you.

@evilplaguedoctor5158

2 жыл бұрын

Even though I don't watch in 4K I do find things look sharper when done in 4K and then scaled down. There also seems to be an unspoken requirement now a days to have 4K video to get KZread to share your videos more frequently. So I would definitely recommend sticking with 4k, at least recording in 4k.

@DaftFader

2 жыл бұрын

@@WaffleStaffel Na the difference between 1080p and 4k is massively noticeable on any modern day, average sized monitor ... it's the difference between 1440p and 4k that's less obvious. Unless you're talking about a laptop, then ye it's probably not as noticeable.

@DaftFader

2 жыл бұрын

I didn't realise this was such a small channel .... I've been a sub for a while ... just never looked at the sub count .. I just assumed it was one of them huge science channels like Cody's lab etc. as it's very well presented. I hope the growth continues for you sir, you deserve it, and have some really interesting content! Keep up the good work mate!

@0Arcoverde

2 жыл бұрын

The best part about recording in 4k is being able to zoom in without losing quality that much

I love the recursive aspect of a KZread U-tube video.

Must admit the video quality is very good and also audio seems more distinct. Shame the cell worked so slowly but from these experiments we learn things and helps understanding. No experiment is a real failure if you learn something.

@riggsed

2 жыл бұрын

Good video, but you gave up when it was just getting interesting! Why not test the voltage drop across the U (at 7 ma it should be negligible)? Why not try different electrode materials (carbon, activated charcoal)? Try adding various catalysts and wetting agents... Have fun and try again!

@paulmaydaynight9925

2 жыл бұрын

low surface area & minuscule Urea concentration -morning dark pee is more concentrated than this- is the problem... oc caustic potash is cheap everywhere

@whatelseison8970

2 жыл бұрын

@@riggsed And if none of that works just plug it into the mains and run!

@bigjay875

Жыл бұрын

Very well said good sir 👍

Nice experiment! it's interesting to see that ammonia can be oxidized to nitrate but in urea it only oxidizes to nitrogen.

Ok. subscribed,liked,recommended Reason. Excellent audio. And the comments themselves were very useful. Your experiment has saved me performing a similar one. I regularly generate pure hydrogen and pure oxygen using a spare solar panel,and upcycled household trash,for the kids.

You tend to learn the most important lessons from it wasn't supposed to do today. Great video!

The experiment may not have been spectacular, but ya got style, Harry! Enjoyed and I appreciate you uploading it.

These are informative, pleasing videos. Not too click-baity, matey! Great stuff.

This was interesting. Especially your solution for capturing the gas in the glass tubes. And I liked the surprise of the tiny amount of nitrogen after 24 hours. So definitely upload those videos please.

Thanks for keeping it real, not every experiment is a success but usually we only see successful projects on youtube. It creates a false sense of what is possible and easy, people need to learn that failure is part of life and to be expected and that it should not put one off. Just keep trying :)

When I was a teenager, me and my friend preformed electrolysis on a concoction of random chemicals we found in his shed, including spermicide powder amongst other things xD. We took power straight out the wall into the cathode and anode and the liquid instantly started bubbling like mad, as you'd expect with that kind of power running through it. We then got what we called "lightning in a jar" where the spark was bridging the gap between the probes, again, as you would expect with that kind of power going through it. We then blew out the fuses for the whole house xD. Those were the days lol.

@TheTubejunky

2 жыл бұрын

Nothing like take random chemicals and making electric induced gas out of them to inhale for later use in your cancer production. -=x Lucky summa bish!

@conceptofeverything8793

2 жыл бұрын

Im glad nobody got hurt that day.

@DaftFader

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah, I wish I could say it was the dumbest thing we did, but it really wasn't. I don't know how I still have all of my limbs tbh. 😊

@edwinsalisbury83

Жыл бұрын

@@DaftFader Wait a minute, electrolysis cannot occur with alternating current

@bigjay875

Жыл бұрын

I had a very similar experience as a young teen. My liquid mix was sulfuric acid and salt water and my electrodes were .07 mm graphite pencil leads. God help the house breaker it took it in stride But my gass collection system was retarded and I had a minor violent detonation and that scared the hell out of me! So shutting it down and hiding the evidence of my stupidity

Thanks for your videos bro, I'm pretty sure that you'll have 100k subs one day!

I've subed to your channel. It's interesting even if it was a failure in your eyes I enjoyed watching your approach and your evaluation of the procedure. Don't be so hard to yourself not any youtuber show the whole journey most youtber show only their successed experiments and don't share them experience that they made by the failed attempts that they've done , so keep the good work up pal 👍. I'm looking forward for more of your content.

"I suppose my channel could do with a bad video or two..." That's the spirit Harry! Best get the bad ones out of the way while the channel is small.

Congrats on the new followers (me included)! KZread always needs more home chemistry.

Thank you for doing this video it answer some of my questions

Chin up mate! If experiments worked as we hoped first time, they wouldn't be called experiments ;) I'm planning to attempt a couple of your experiments later (when it's not so hot in Adelaide) - H2SO4 from CuSo4 and then some chlorate synthesis. Thanks for the videos, keep it up!

As much as you might think your voltage for dissociation is correct you also have to take into consideration the resistance. The voltage needs to be measured at the electrodes and not at the reading of your power supply ! I for one was very interested in your video.The atruggles we go through are becoming the higher veiwed videos as of late . Great Scott in electronics shows many stuff ups till he gets it right and explains what the problems were . It makes geeat real world content!

Finally! I've learned what a youtube is.

Rob's channel is plain awesome ❤️

Still useful info if remembered. In the event the techno-world shuts down, and one survives that aftermath, we will still need to have the info for the potential next future😊

Although not a successful project, it looks like you still learned a lot

I loved it, thanks mate!

Very nice experimentation good sir.

Love your channel bro

you should report the number of coulombs passed through the solution and the applied voltage. If your power supply has a const voltage mode then you need to note down the current at regular intervals.

the KZreadr uses a U tube to electrolyze a unit of urea

Can I use KAN for electrolysis? Could I get N2O from it?

So I’ve been subscribing to glass tubes all this time? That explains a few things.

12:45 _is this video even worth uploading to my channel?_ Yes, it is and thanks for uploading this. I actually wanted to know *the opposite* of the electrolysis of urea. I'm planning of separating impurities from urea through the use of electrolysis. The plan is as follows: Carboxylic acids are the impurities in this solution of urea. Through Kolbe electrolysis, they'll be combined with each other, slowly making hydrocarbon molecules with few or no polar groups. These molecules, lacking polarity, should separate out from the aqueous phase as an oily layer on top of it. Your video gives me confidence that it will be hard to break down the urea in this process (which is what I'm hoping to happen), so I'll experiment. I think this process might be more energy efficient than boiling the water (which does takes a lot of energy), thus it might be an interesting approach to separate carboxylic acids from other things in an aqueous solution.

Hello, do you have any calories for sale?

Great video, very interesting! What was the current being drawn during the 24 hour experiment?

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

The current pretty quickly dropped off after the oxidised nickel catalysts were generated. Most of the 24 hour run was drawing about 2 mA.

Nothing wrong with an experiment that gives results different than what you were hoping for. I think that it is a real problem in the current system for people to publish results that "unsuccessful" experiments never get distributed.

Nice! 👏 Is it possible to make nitric acid by urea electrolysis?

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

It may be technically possible. Some studies have shown that nitrate is generated by some anode choices (such as boron-doped-diamond) at high current density. However, I'd imagine it would be very difficult to scale the reaction to efficiently produce reasonable quantities of nitrates or nitric acid.

@CatboyChemicalSociety

2 жыл бұрын

its possible but the increasing nitric acid concentration will eat most membranes. you need to use PTFE films as your membrane to do this and your electrodes are limited to the following. Platinum, Ir-Ta MMO, PbO2, tantalum

si se libera nitrogeno y nitrogeno no deberia liberarse monoxido de carbono tambien ?

How is urea converted to liquid ammonia?

got a good laugh out of this video, thanks!

I think this is what's used as a gas generator in some variable rate automatic lubricators. And a battery and you can change the rate of gas generator by choosing a resistor.

Hi I need your unswer ...Nickel electroplating (brightener) solution additive Polyethylene Glycol + choline cloride or KCL ..correct ??

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

No idea, sorry. I've never really tried metal plating experiments

What is that power soucrce contraption in the beginning? Is it made out of a multimeter?

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

That's just my buck converter I use for electrolysis experiments. I put it on top of my multimeter for some reason.

I hope you can make video about HYDROLYSIS

nice video

I really like your videos and I'm currently trying to get a chlorate cell running but all I could get my hands on is a power supply that has a max. output of 3 A. I haven't found any videos about what you are using so I would be really grateful if you would share what you use and where to buy your kind of power supply.

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

I actually use an ATX power supply from an old PC, coupled with a $15 adjustable buck converter from Ebay. The ATX power supplies are free if you extract them from an old or broken computer, and can supply up to 20 amps at 3.3/5/12 volts in most cases, so I've found them extremely useful in the past. I actually have a video on converting an old ATX power supply into a usable lab power supply, but it's a VERY old video, and not one of my best: kzread.info/dash/bejne/q5uqxMawnJCWkrA.html

@Samortal

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience Thanks, that's a great help

Supposedly somehow there is a way to get hydrazine from the electrode where ammonia/nitrogen comes out. The addition of nickel or iron powder to the electrolyte supposedly draws the carbonyl component to even make iron or nickel carbonyl, but idk. If you build an electrolytic hydrazine generator you will have TONNES of viewers!!

Looking at efficency. If the voltage urea starts to break down at is .37 and one applies 1.5v then you 1.5v supplied - 0.37 breakdown =1.13v over bolted to push amps. If a cell has one amp flowing through it at 1.5v then your feeding it 1.5 watts, while 1 amp × 1.13v overvolted = 1.13 watts making heat, while 1 amp × 0.37v 0.37 watts of power overtime doing the actual chemical work of breaking urea to H2 N2 and CO2. 0.37 watts/1.5 watts consumed = 24.6% efficent. Of cource the hydrogen has much more energy when oxidized to oxygen.

H2SO4 via SO2 + 03 + U.V(c) >SO2 + O > SO3 + H2O = Video suggestion ???

Ha I like the hint on the bag of urea soluble nitrogen suits with your electrolysis 😅

Could this accidentally make cyanide?

@goranaxelsson1409

2 жыл бұрын

No, there is no carbon that could form the CN molecule.

@6alecapristrudel

2 жыл бұрын

@@goranaxelsson1409 What about the one in the middle of the whole urea molecule? lol

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Not that I'm aware of. Most studies point to the electrolysis generating nitrogen gas, or in some special cases, nitrate ions. If cyanide were produced, I'd imagine it would be quickly destroyed by further electrolysis anyway.

@boogieknee3781

2 жыл бұрын

cyanide,can be found in various plants. apple seeds come to mind.

Was your solution saturated with urea, just thinking of reasons for low gas production.

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

I just kept the concentration of urea at around 0.33 mol/L, since that's what everyone tends to do in the papers I read. I wouldn't expect it to make much difference (since the conductivity shouldn't be affected much by the urea content), but increasing the concentration could definitely be worth investigating.

what an interesting coincidence, he has a U-tube and I'm watching it on U-tube 🙂

nice 👌

do you use deionised water

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Yes

The experiment may be tricky in the paper they state urine and urea aside of each other. But urea is non conductive at first...it may become a bit conductive if hydrolyses occurs and that is what happens if you put a huge excess like 5 mol/L KOH vs 0,33 mol/L urea (putative average content of human urine is 33g/L what means 0.55 mol urea/L urine)...then there is a lot of K(+) and OH(-) and less CO3(2-) and NH3 as NH4(+). But there is more into urine than urea... there are conductive salts of chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium...so why the need for external hydroxides? To my feeling...the process to convert urea to hydrogen and nitrogen via the use of nickel is not really interesting on a production scale because it consumes a lot of KOH, energy and some Nickel...Ok it generates H2 gas as a potential fuel and N2 (but that is also cheap and findable into the air) ...but NH3 and urea are much more valuable because much more handlable and reactive...NH3 can be used as a fuel too on its own. If I was to make a no cost H2 generator...I would use Aluminum waste and a little NaOH...(or a little HCl). The Aluminium would be scrapped of its protective oxid layer to naked metal and react with water to make Al2O3, AlO(OH), Al(OH)3 (or AlCl3 and Al(OH)3+HCl) and a lot of H2...aswel as heat if needed. Al + 3H2O --> 3/2 H2 + Al(OH)3 + heat 2Al +3H2O --> 3H2 + Al2O3 + heat Al + 2H2O --> 3/2H2 + AlO(OH) + heat Al + 3HCl --> AlCl3 + 3/2H2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O --> Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl (HCl is thus simply a kind of corrosion catalyst here)+ heat So we get hydrogen, heat and with the Al oxides and hydroxides we have some extra money when making microwave rubies, sapphires ;o) and we clean up all those Aluminium wastes :o) ;o) As a plus the destruction of urea to make H2 and N2...generates one equivalent of CO2...what is absolutely not eco/evironmentally friendly while everybody on Earth tries to get CO2 emissions as low as possible...Right ;o) PHZ (PHILOU Zrealone from Science Madness forum)

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Precisely. There are much better ways of generating hydrogen. This process is interesting from an efficiency standpoint, but since it requires (and consumes) hydroxide salts - which are energy intensive to generate - it's really not a feasible method of large-scale hydrogen production. And the production of CO2 is definitely not something the world is looking for. It may have some use in wastewater treatment, but I don't expect it to have many uses past that. Honestly, I was only interested in this process for the nitrogen generation, but even that isn't particularly exciting.

@poskoz

Жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience if using urine since urine is mostly water can you get o2 and n2 at the anode and h2 at the catode? thank you

Actually this is really interesting! Hydrogen without oxigen could be used for a lagmuir torch. A Kind of torch that has the hottest Flame of any known chemical reactions. IT s also used for atomic hydrogen welding. The single H Atoms Düring recombination create a very very very hot Flame. Could you try making a Lagmuir Torch?

So you could make a solar Urea electrolysis setup. If it only used ~0.37V to work.

Is there a way to remove medication from my urine? I live in the states, and medications are stupidly expensive. Can I just pee in a cup, and do some science, and tada, whatever percentage of my medication is back, so I don't have to buy them again every month.

@xxxm981

2 жыл бұрын

I am afraid that is not how that works

3:17 I don't think I've ever seen anyone use a glass rod like that

I would like to know how a commercial device for medical use of hydrogen works without the electrolyte. Can you show and explain that.

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

I've never heard of these devices, could you provide a link or something to point me towards what you're talking about?

@edwingolddelirium

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience yes kzread.info/dash/bejne/haR-06Owibvcm9o.html

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Sure seems like a pseudoscience scam to me... Nonetheless, these hydrogen generators definitely have electrolyte in them. But since the electrolyte is technically a catalyst for the electrolysis, the initial electrolyte sold with the machine won't ever need replacing, so you only ever need to add distilled water. It's similar to a deep-cycle battery, which uses a sulfuric acid solution as an electrolyte. With repeated charging/discharging, it requires additional distilled water over time, but adding extra sulfuric acid isn't necessary since the water is the only thing which is consumed.

@edwingolddelirium

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience thanks for the knowledge i didn't know that .I still have 10x10cm plates of graphite and wanna build that kind of stuff.

2Min30, those are also handy to upload Videos to, you may give it a try.

Now I'm wondering what kinds of garbage would be created with thiourea and lots of current

@Unmannedair

2 жыл бұрын

I would be concerned about the sulfur content.

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

From a quick search, it seems possible to generate cyanamide and sulfate in poor yield with the right electrodes and conditions. Under most circumstances, thiourea seems pretty electrochemically inert though.

@6alecapristrudel

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience Oh yeah, I expect nothing other than than magic unobtainium anodes and 5% current yield :D I did google regular urea, but after seeing the words electrolysis and cow urine in the same sentence I decided not to push it. This was piss-chemistry already, adding sulfur would make it even worse :D On a more serious note: You just made me wonder cause it's definitely not inert for what I've used it. It has a huge effect on stuff like metal plating solutions. But it's in like ppm levels and idk what would happen with any real amount. Over a week of playing with it I managed to get both the shittiest and shiniest copper plates I've ever gotten!

Use a carbon or lead dioxide anode and add a small amount of aluminum potassium sulfate. You will get nitrate if you stir the cell.

A U-tube on KZread! HAHAHA! And you said that this was going to be boring!😅

Could you make another video of making nitrogen gas? A different method.

@guytech7310

2 жыл бұрын

The best practical method is to filter Nitrogen from air. This can be done using a zeolite and pressure swings (Pressure swing adsorption) . You load an pressure container with a zeolite, and add compressed air. The Zeolite will absorb the Nitogen first. Then you bleed off about 20% of the pressure leaving a very high concentration of nitrogen. The other was is to use a membrane filter that seperates Nitrogen from oxygen using compressed air.

@Vinasaurius

2 жыл бұрын

@@guytech7310 I didn't know that! I thought the only method I can think of was to burn something in air and then use NaOH to capture the CO2.

How often do ya get a You Tube video featuring.... A U-Tube

I was kind of expecting this to make a bunch of side products that are essentially a random combination of N, C, O and H. Maybe it still does?

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

That's kind of what I expected as well. That tends to be the way it goes with many organic compounds. However, from what I've read, urea seems to be an exception in that it nearly exclusively splits into nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Under some conditions, you can also get nitrate as well, but that's under high current density with some weird electrodes.

Thumbs UP for the little bubbles of GAS!!! ....you know it was you anyway.

tbh this was actually interesting

I'm pretty sure nobody has used KZread as an electrolysis container before you did :D

cool

Short videos pls

GOD I LOVE SUFFERING!!!!! BRING IT ON!🤬🤯☠️🙅

barely? infact i cant see the nitrogen at all!

Electrolysis in a U tube on KZread. 😁 If you think of the U tube like a wire then it should become readily apparent why theres very little current. Ionin flow is being restricted by the cross section of the tube much the same as electrons flow is restricted by too thin of a wire.

Yeah.... 🧐😍

If sodium hydroxide is not easily available, you can substitute sodium bicarbonate. The solution will off gas CO2 first and then sodium hydroxide will form once the bicarbonate has been broken down. Not to contradict you, but sodium carbonate is not stable in solution, esp once the pH has been shifted from neutral. It will form carbonic acid at one electrode, and once the concentration gets too high that will decompose into co2. The opposite electrode will form the sodium hydroxide as coordination ions and will thus not absorb your co2. It should definitely assist in the breakdown of the urea though.

@Unmannedair

2 жыл бұрын

I strongly suspect that your hydrogen is contaminated with co2. The good news though is that it should be easy to separate.

@janami-dharmam

2 жыл бұрын

For all practical purposes, sodium carbonate is perfectly stable in solution. That the solution is alkaline is a different matter altogether.

@philouzlouis2042

2 жыл бұрын

Following the paper there is a huge excess of KOH vs the urea (5/0.33 is 15 fold excess) So basically urea is decomposed into K2CO3 and 2 NH3 and there is stil plenty of KOH. No CO2 can form in such a basic media. Especially not on the H2 production side where K(+) comes to react. No idea to what happens to CO3(2-) on the other side? PHZ (PHILOU Zrealone from Science Madness forum)

"put your urea in the youtube". Subtle.

Holding two test tubes with electrodes in, inverted in a beaker of solution next to eachother is a far simpler setup.

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Yep, that'd probably work better. Would require a lot more solution though, I don't really want to have to deal with too much caustic waste.

Glad you warned me. Only watched a few seconds.

Hello Nile Green :)

Woah. U-tube on youtube. U tube. KZread. Woaaah.

You probably know this already but if not just put the electrodes closer together.

Why not let it go a week? Just pop in on it during the week, what effort? It runs in the background lol

@ScrapScience

2 жыл бұрын

Could do, and you're right that it wouldn't require any effort, but I want to use my power supply for other things in that time. I just didn't want this apparatus sitting on my bench for a whole month.

@mikecorleone6797

2 жыл бұрын

@@ScrapScience true but i was looking forward to seeing your end results is all. Quality of nitrogen etc. I’m a new subscriber to your channel

Hello

If you provide free Beer I can produce all the free Urea you need😁

and here i was told electrolysis of urea wouldn't do anything

Calcium amoniom nitreat next time

"U-tube..." 🤭

:)

Yo man. The fact of the matter is that the voltage used in this process is too big for the volume and shape you are using. You need a bigger (at least 2l) container and the same process as where you produce hydrogen and oxygen. Instead of nickel, try using stainless steel. It should do the correct math of what you were speaking about in the video.

I would not touch robbert murry smith's channel...not much to see there... anyone subbed to channels like this won't get much from him.... though there might be a few videos worth watching. Just saying lol

@Unmannedair

2 жыл бұрын

Actually, there's a lot of good content on his channel, unfortunately it's diluted with a lot of boring stuff. Finding the good stuff is worth it though.

@procactus9109

2 жыл бұрын

@@Unmannedair I can't stand the way he thinks volts is power and current is power, never does he measure voltage and current at the same time for actual power. I ragged on him to measure volt and amps in his experiments for almost 2 years. But he don't care realism... he lives in fantasy land.

@kulpritblk1578

2 жыл бұрын

What are you on about yah mad F. Roberts channels sick. Don't knock it if yah can't do it

@kulpritblk1578

2 жыл бұрын

@@procactus9109 power is work over time, & voltage is current over resistance. The power rating of a motor is dependent on it's performance. Knowing the voltage and amperage doesn't tell you the power you need to actually measure how fast it spins and how much it can push to work that out. Coz if you have the same circuit with two different efficiency motors one might draw less power and work better and one might draw more and work worse. Without the specifics of the motors design, it's a bit hard to predict it's power from a formula which is why it's best to actually measure it like people often do.

@procactus9109

2 жыл бұрын

@@kulpritblk1578 lol... go back to his channel

Mmmmm pee science. I wonder if this can be used on urine after you distill it to remove it from solution. Doing research on purfying urine into drinking water, and using the leftovers for other stuff lol.

Murry Smith just want to make batteries, not even good ones.

Why did I click this

U-tube 😅