Rome's last stand in Egypt - Battle of Heliopolis, 640 AD - Arab conquest of Egypt
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🚩Big thanks to Eastern Roman History and Warhawk for collaborating with me on this video. Check out their awesome history content:
Eastern Roman History / @easternromanhistory
Warhawk / @warhawkyt
📢 Narrated by David McCallion / david-mccallion-815ab1a6
🎼 Music:
Instinct - Bensound
Impact Allegretto - Kevin MacLeod
Crypto - Kevin MacLeod
Epidemic Sound
Filmstro
📚 Primary sources:
Al Baladhuri, The Origins of the Islamic State, translated by Philip K. Hittil, Vols. II (New York: Columbia University, 1916).
History of the Patriarchs, Severus ibn al Muqaffaʿ, Alexandrinische Patriarchengeschichte von S. Marcus bis Michael I 61-767, nach der ältesten 1266 geschriebenen Hamburger Handschrift im arabischen Urtext, edited by C. F. Seybold (Hamburg, 1912).
John of Nikiu, The Chronicle of John Bishop of Nikiu, translated by R. H. Charles (London: Williams and Norgate, 1913).
📚 Scholarship:
Booth, P., 'The Muslim Conquest of Egypt Reconsidered' in Zuckerman, C. Constructing the Seventh Century, (Paris, 2013). 639-670.
Butler, A. J., The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the Last Thirty Years of Roman Dominion, Reprint 1978 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1902).
Howard-Johnston, J., Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
#byzantine #documentary #historymarche
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@danielsantiagourtado3430
13 күн бұрын
HUGE fan of your work ❤❤❤❤❤
@ailediablo79
11 күн бұрын
One Omar was in Medina at the time and the focus was on Persia. Moreover by the time Amar son of Al-Aus came to the picture Omar and Muslim gov where too bussy. Egypt attack was early because Amar requested. He insisted he has a plan and that few thousands are enough. The force that went in first was very tiny all on horse back and where elites. It was a skirmish. Amar forces where 8k. 2k given to him by Omar and 2k of his own personal troops and he rounded up 4k volunteers, big % of new Muslims from Levant. The later reinforcement was 4 men not 4k. The 4 great ones the 4 strong. 4 of the top 8 best warriors and unite commanders in Islam: Qaqai (is a portrait dissing the enemy in battle, also has a strong commanders voice that shakes the battlefield). Each equal to a 1000 elite Arab warriors, each of the 4 are equal to the likes of LuBu in might and Aura. They also very tall, the shorterest is 2m tall , without being slower but very fast and quick. Also Omar wanted the army to be 12k as it is a key number divisible by 2, 3 and 4 ie a very strong structure. As of Prophet Mohammad words about 12k and multiples of 12 are strong unite when used properly. Amar plan was to stabliiish a foot, annoy the Byzantium forces, skirmish them, weaken them, test them, limit business and hold the line running around ambushing them and show you here to stay. Then after a while plus diplomacy and politics get the local powers and people on your side after showing them you can hold ground and could win high chance. Then gets tens of thousands for free and takeover Egypt. Alexander was annoying and hard though.
@soroushtorabi98
10 күн бұрын
In 622 Persians had lakhmid, ghassanid and most of Anatolian lands in their hands. The Romans had also lost many cities to avars and they had reached almost near Constantinople from the north west. Sassanians had captured Chalcedon and reached Constantinople from the east .The map you made is incorrect
@ailediablo79
10 күн бұрын
@@soroushtorabi98 They where very short live near Constantinople so maybe that. That one is a tiny error.
@rfal883
6 күн бұрын
Hi, would appreciate it if you have a video on Yemen invasion by the Romans in 24 BC..
A small correction concerning the map. By the time Amr invaded egypt, Mesopotamia was firmly in arab control. By the time of Umar's assassination, the whole of persia was conquered.
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
Good point. Shame I missed that in production.
@MohammmadAlshurman
13 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarche I would also point out that khosrow II was dead by the time the invasion of egypt started.
@user-dx7eg4vc6q
13 күн бұрын
لا عليكم يا أصدقاء نحن سعداء جداً بما تقدموه@@HistoryMarche
@AliSyed711
13 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarcheHow though? It’s so blatant and you should know this from the Yarmuk video.
@hegantank6495
13 күн бұрын
no it wasn't, in 644 the persians were still resisting and would continue to do so for another 7 years
Fun fact: During the march on Egypt, Amr ibn al-As, known as the cunning of the Arabs, received an important letter from Caliph Umar. Amr deliberately delayed opening the letter until he entered Egypt. When he finally read it, the message simply said: "If you are already in Egypt then continue with the blessing of god, but If not, halt your advance and return with your army."
@GAarcher
13 күн бұрын
He actually knewed it anyways
@mrsillywalk
13 күн бұрын
A story that is made up after an event.
@KGF-zf2qj
13 күн бұрын
@@mrsillywalk All history is made up after the events
@riche1601
13 күн бұрын
@@mrsillywalk source?
@Blu-111
13 күн бұрын
Why was it made up if they won ??@@mrsillywalk
It was a great honour to research and write the script for this episode. I received some help from the HistoryMarche team and helped story board the campaign and the big fights. I am very happy with the final result.
@christopherevans2445
13 күн бұрын
It's a honor to watch your Channel too sir! Many thanks!
@EasternRomanHistory
13 күн бұрын
@@christopherevans2445 Thank you very much.
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
It's was a pleasure working with you. I hope we do more in the future.
@chezgomit
12 күн бұрын
Cringe roman history vs based Makedonian history
@streetscholar3539
12 күн бұрын
Superb as always 👌
Interestingly, the capital of Egypt was under the Rashidun Caliphate was al-Fustat. Cairo was later build by the Fatimid Empire. Many have the misconception that Cairo existed since the days of the Pharoahs.
@user-mm3cs1kt5r
9 күн бұрын
You are right. Dw, those people are just ignorant.
Fun fact: Amr ibn Al-'As actually barely had 4000 men in the beginning of the expedition and was forbidden by Umar (R) to enter Egypt, but Amr ibn Al-'As didn't open the letter sent by Umar (R) forbidding him that, and went on with mere 4000 men. Upon arriving inside Egypt, he requested for more men, and was given 4000 more. Just before arriving in Heliopolis, Amr ibn Al-'As was given 4000 more men, totalling his soldier count to 12000 which was nothing compared to 20,000++ Romans he had to face. Amr ibn Al-'As wasn't even a military officer btw, he was just another Arab tradesmen, he just happened to know and understand Egypt because of years trading with Egypt.
@hegantank6495
13 күн бұрын
how can he have not been a military officer if he was commanding troops?
@kuronoch.1441
13 күн бұрын
@@hegantank6495It might be his first or one of his first stints.
@Faisal-pb5gu
12 күн бұрын
@@kuronoch.1441 Amr was one of the four main leaders of the Islamic conquest of Syria and a close friend of Khalid Ibn al-Walid
@ghostd69
12 күн бұрын
If he was only trademan he wouldn't lead army in conquest
@ChongYinKoon
12 күн бұрын
@@hegantank6495 If the Roman have someone like Domentianus to hold a fortified city, a merchant is more than sufficient to lead an army against the Roman.
رضى الله عن عمرو ابن العاص و الحمدلله على نعمة الاسلام و رحمة الله على الفاتحين 💜💜💜
Once again, I had a great time collaborating with yall! I hope everybody enjoys the video!
@saifmustafa665
8 күн бұрын
Nice video. May I ask what was your role in this?
@WarhawkYT
8 күн бұрын
@@saifmustafa665 I animated it, you can check the description ;)
"An Egyptian called John" - made me laugh so hard
@somebodysoon
13 күн бұрын
Yeah these were common names during the Greek administration.
@ohlangeni
13 күн бұрын
Could have said "a Greco-Roman Egyptian named John". The real Kemetyu (ancient Egyptians) has fallen to the Assyrians of Cambyses 1,300 years before the Arab conquest.
@Mohammadkwt
13 күн бұрын
More yohanah for the local name unlike the latinized one, John.
@nisrmasry2134
13 күн бұрын
We have a very famous Egyptian star of social media. A Coptic Man whose name is : John El-Masry (John the Egyptian).
@yousseftalal4520
13 күн бұрын
@@ohlangeni Assyrian and cambyses? I can predict your iq by that comment, Egyptians still live to this day and they are the direct descendants of their ancient ancestors, ok hotep?
Please continue your Hannibal series soon🙏 your work is always amazing and i think that series is your magnum opus, would love to see it finished someday
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
That's the plan. I"m working on part 20
@TotalFiction18
13 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarche So happy to hear that, i know the wait will be worth it
@araariadem7251
10 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarche Oh thank god for that, and thank you very much for all your amazing work!
I think a series on the Komnenian restoration would be a very good project, as for me that period of history is one of the most interesting ones and I'm sure many agree
@SolidAvenger1290
13 күн бұрын
I think HM could combine some of their older videos. They already did a video on Komnenos I a few years ago.
Amr ibn Al-'As then wrote to 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab telling him that Allah the Almighty had granted them victory and opened Egypt for them. He told him as well that he reached Fayum and Abwat. He also asked for reinforcements because he concluded that the remaining army was not sufficient. 'Umar reinforced him with 4,000 men. At the head of each 1,000 was a man who was equal to a 1,000 men by himself. These 4 vigorous men were Al-Zubair ibn Al-'Awwam, Al-Miqdad ibn 'Amr, 'Ubadah ibn Al-Samit and Muslimah ibn Mukhlid. In his message to 'Amr, 'Umar said, "You had better know that you have 12,000 men and these twelve thousand will not be defeated because of their small number."
Over 1 million subscribers, congratulations!
Khalid Bin Waleed , Sa'ad Ibn Abi Waqas , Abu Obaida , Amar Ibn Al Aas all were great general . Rashidun Caliphate Was Full of CHADS 🗿✨
@wesamalkenai
8 күн бұрын
Yes akhi ❤
I like how this invasion was explained: Roman Egypt was none conquered by sword, it was through the infighting, indecisiveness, and the low morale of the Romans. The Arabian Sword was just the icing on top.
@sammainman9464
12 күн бұрын
plus most Egyptian Coptic sided with the Arabs since they were oppressed by Rome and the Roman Catholic church an Orthodox Coptic monk who lived in that era named Yuhanaa (John ) of Nicosia wrote on his book History of the Ancient World that a most Coptic did that and noted that some even converted to Islam even Before the Muslims were able to take full control of Egypt because of the tyranny of the Emperor and the harassment he caused to the Orthodox.
@MaSa-bp5qe
11 күн бұрын
Yes. The Egyptians and Arabs who lived in Egypt requested from the Muslims to liberate them.
@1sultan189
10 күн бұрын
That’s coping. Romans tried to fight the Arabs and they lost despite outnumbering the Arabs. The early Islamic conquest was simply unstoppable for the most part as simple as it is.
@veran6219
10 күн бұрын
@@sammainman9464 Not true at all. copts did not side with Muslims at all and there was no Islam - Islam/Quran was not written even after invading Egypt - how a nation would ask another nation to invade them ??? what would be the reaction of Romans who were ruling the country towards Copts if they requested such thing???!!!! silly thinking and false propaganda Islam is not a religion, it is a political armed movement to control Arabic tribes and united them
@veran6219
10 күн бұрын
@@MaSa-bp5qe Lies. Not true. no body requested Muslims to liberate them, evil propaganda- what would be the reaction of Romans who were ruling the country towards Copts if they requested such thing???!!!! silly thinking and false propaganda
I love your videos they are so incredibly well made, im gripped by your narration and entertained throughout the videos as history is one of my favourite subjects and you are one of my favourite channels on youtube.
I just wanted to take a moment to express my appreciation for your latest episode. It was truly magnificent! Your content is always so unique and engaging, and this episode was no exception. Thank you for your dedication to delivering such high-quality historical content. Looking forward to the next one!😀
Your roman videos are awesome! Thanks For this ❤❤❤❤❤
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
Glad you enjoy it!
@danielsantiagourtado3430
13 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarcheAlways do!
Must get up early tomorrow for work but this is important too.
Well done, thank you HistoryMarche.
Amazing work HM! as always.
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
Glad you enjoy it! Thanks so much for watching and commenting. It's heartwarming to see old subscribers are still around!
Wish you release more content and that i could pay to be patron! Its always a GREAT DAY when HistoryMarche releases a video
Great collaboration = Great documentary. Thank everyone for the hard work!!!
Another Saturday, another excellent history marche video.
Last time I was this early Egypt was Roman
@Interestinguiniyyah
13 күн бұрын
I wish I was as early as Egypt being Egyptian
I was beginning to wonder when the next one was! I look forward to all these videos
Excellent video! I always enjoy learning about this period in history.
The intro is basically summarised in the quran in chapter Rum. Where it was prophesied that the romans will win against the Sassanids.
@Arima.p
13 күн бұрын
🤮🤢
@daarom3472
13 күн бұрын
predicted*
@History_Teller1250
13 күн бұрын
@@Arima.p ?
@guzelataroach4450
13 күн бұрын
Yeah cause ir was written after it happened duh
@History_Teller1250
13 күн бұрын
@@guzelataroach4450*Before
Another great episode!
@HistoryMarche During Battle of Yarmouk and in the Conquest of Egypt, "Umar" was the Caliph not 'Abu Bakr'. I am sure you would correct the mistake.
Always love your historical battles about Rome
Always learn from your videos!
Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
Thank you so much 😁
@danielsantiagourtado3430
13 күн бұрын
@@HistoryMarcheyou're the Best ❤❤❤❤❤❤
@chasechristophermurraydola9314
13 күн бұрын
@@danielsantiagourtado3430you said it
Damn this Channel is good.... Never lets you down
I very much enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up
Cool level of detail in this one. Political intrigue, disastrous leaders, the duel!
It’s AMR IBN AL AAS .not ASEEEE
Perfect explanation with the advertising 👌
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage work about the last stand of the Roman empire in Egypt at ( 640 AD ) confronted Islamic caliphate army .How Egypt felt in the Islamic Rasheddin caliphate (empire) . Thank you for an excellent( history Marche) channel for sharing that magnificent work.
El mejor canal para aprender historia e inglés a la vez! Gracias ❤
3:31 This is why its more appropriate to call these the Muslim/Islamic conquests. Arabs were already familiar with these lands since they lived and traded at the fringes of Eastern Rome and Persia for centuries, some were even Christian or Jewish. What spurred them on to conquer was Islam.
Considering that Egypt was the breadbasket I’m surprised the praesentalis army was not sent there. Also seems like Heraclius was the only competent general on the Roman side my goodness.
Excellent work.
Congratulations on the over 1 million subscribers.
As we all know, one of the most important factors that determine the outcome of wars is morale and not leaving the battlefield. Of course, the political situations in Eastern Rome are important. I think the real question is, how and with what motivation did these people achieve this, while all the armies of the period trembled against the Persians and Romans? Assalamualaikum brothers and sisters.
As always this was a great episode. That little "sidestory" with the two commanders fighting in duel was great.
Im at work, gotta sneak this in!!
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
If the boss comes in just say: "But there's a war in Egypt! Look!"
@FreeFallingAir
13 күн бұрын
"The Roman's are getting pushed out of Egypt sir, I'm sorry this is urgent. "
Happy may the fourth be with you history Marche.
Fantastic video!
This Arab general is unappreciated
@SolidAvenger1290
13 күн бұрын
I agree. Unfortunately, most Western sources tend to frown upon or at times downplay the history & military capabilities of the Arab world. The Arab strategy, alongside indirectly some of the incompetence/overconfidence of Byzantine leaders on the other end, set the stage on what happened at Heliopolis On the surface, it reminds me at least partially (some subtle resemblance) of Hannibal's early tactics many centuries ago against the Western Roman sect from Hispania to Trasimene until the Battle of Cannae Hannibal, in some regard, would have approved of the tactics the Arabs used against Byzantium.
@justevil100
13 күн бұрын
Most of them were. Being any sort of a powerful Muslim general was / is a dangerous proposition for their health.
@JOGA_Wills
13 күн бұрын
Aren't they all? The two who conquered Spain were jailed as a reward
@adamelghalmi9771
13 күн бұрын
@@JOGA_Wills bad leadership sucks
@yousseftalal4520
13 күн бұрын
@@JOGA_Wills that story is not strong enough, most agree they just died on the way to hajj
Also, Egyptians loved Amr Ibn Al Aas more than the Romans and the Egyptian people allied with him against the Romans and they were the key for all his victories against the Romans. Even Coptic Christians loved Amr a lot. They were his spies against the Romans and they were opening the gates for him, giving him secret locations. God rest his soul. He was a great man. He was kicked out of leadership of Egypt by Uthman rw because he was drunk on power and refused to take jizya from the Christians and he was going on the way to take Egypt and separate it from the caliphate.
@J_FGCC4474
8 күн бұрын
Separate it from the caliphate! foolish...
@user-mm3cs1kt5r
6 күн бұрын
@@J_FGCC4474 Don't hate Uthman rw for it. He did his best to keep Egypt in the Caliphate. Look up, "Amr Ibn Al Aas' letters to Umar and feud with Al Sarh." On Google. You'll find it.
Nicely done video
Thank you.
1:15 By the time the battle of Yarmouk took place, Abu Bakr had been dead for years. Umar was the Caliph at the time
@mwhd629
12 күн бұрын
There’s so many other errors on that map, Mesopotamia is still shown under sassanid control while it was conquered before the levant. And there’s Baghdad shown on the map while it didn’t exist yet back then
Love the videos but when is the 2nd Punic War series going to continue :(
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
That's the plan. I"m working on part 20
great history content once again...we are lucky to have you...just finish the series with hannibal too...please ❤
your voice on the commentaries are really cool and fitting 👍
When a 1v1 has no winners
@parkeroof4705
13 күн бұрын
What do you mean? The Muslims won in this war lol
@ghostd69
12 күн бұрын
@@parkeroof4705 He talk about duel in video there was 2 fought in duel altough muslim general won but he afterwards died due for his heavily injuries was hitted by his opppenet
@thathistoryfam794
11 күн бұрын
So a tie perhaps?
great work as always
Awesome video
I really hope you can continue Vikings series soon, it's amazing
whole Roman empire to Demantanius : "Why are you running?"
@jonbaxter2254
10 күн бұрын
WHY ARE YOU RUNNING!
I never knew there was a Babylon, Egypt
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
Yep, it's an old Roman fortress. I presented it on the map as a city because it was significant during this period.
@ibrahimmohammed3484
12 күн бұрын
حصن بابليون the last fort against the muslim army then the egyptian Christians claimed that the fort was built on top of old church so the muslim openers gave it back to them
@seedo201
12 күн бұрын
Its a roman fortress now in Cairo. Under a church nowadays. I heard that its called Babylon because of ramsis the second having Babylonian prisoners there. Not sure if its true
never disappoints
Continue more Arab stories and Hannibal, those 2 are your GEMS of the channel
Great 👍 Video. But when Hannibal? It's been a year we didn't see him on a battlefield.
@HistoryMarche
12 күн бұрын
Working on it, should come soon.
How Sassanid Empire existed while the Egypt willingly turned into a Caliphate area?
@MAli-rr9km
13 күн бұрын
🤔, I also noticed it, Persia was conquered before Egypt,.
@sheikhss7250
8 күн бұрын
That was my question too 🤣
One of the best channels in KZread
I love HistoryMarche
The companions of the Prophet knew how to fight the strongest empires on earth
Probably one of those moments in history which can be considered pivotal. And one of the big 'what-ifs' in history is what would have happened if the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sassanid Empire didn't bled out each other just before the outburst of the Muslims. Would they have been able to stop them together? How would the world look today if they did?
@ntluck1592
13 күн бұрын
Probably not as big a difference as you think for the Arabs had also been warring for 30 years before the conquests began. Their numbers were never large either, yet what won the day for them was their zeal and excellent leadership
@user-kg3qg9rk3m
13 күн бұрын
Whoever reads my ridiculous comment thinks that the Arabs were better off... Why don’t you admit that the Arabs were also warring tribes and kingdoms as well?
@Verbindungs
12 күн бұрын
@ntluck1592 That's why it is a what-if. I don't know the answer, and neither do you.
@itzikashemtov6045
12 күн бұрын
@@ntluck1592 People often forget a very important factor in every Arab conquest, The line "They joined the Muslims" which means a large chunk of dissatisfied groups of people joined the enemy, Which is actually a rare case in history. And the major wars of Persians-Romans contributed a lot.
@Michael_the_Drunkard
11 күн бұрын
@@ntluck1592"The Arabs would have won anyway because it was inevitable" Don't make us laugh.
My favourite part was the duel, I didn´t know about it; the Arabs were more brave so that they deserve Egypt.
I love Roman history so much it’s hard to listen to their humiliating defeats. Anyone else ? 😂
@jackshannen809
7 күн бұрын
Same here man, whenever I see a video about Rome or Byzantium I automatically rute for them. I swear it hurts me to see them lose 😂
I dont think its a coincidence that the Middle Eastern and North African provinces fell so quickly both to the Sassanids and then to the Arabs. They had a lot of discontented minorities like the Monophysites, the Nestorians and in some places the Jews, who were persecuted by the Byzantines. The Muslims were promising not equality but toleration if people paid the Jizya tax. Donatism still persisted to some extent in North Africa too.
شكرا جزيلا على مجهودك 🌹
Man, this was a great video. I went down a rabbit hole on the hobnail boots (caligae) 😂
As a kid in late primary / early high school I was a huge roman history buff (yes i was a nerd...) - im only 7 min into the video so far o I don't know if this is addressed but: As far as I am aware there were Roman Legions present in Egypt at this point of time that were originally established in the late republic / early empire - so the Arab expansion into Egypt likely marked the beginning of the end of the oldest Legions in the Empire
the presenters' voice adds so much oomph to the video
Why did omar ra stopped khalid the sword of god to conquer the whole world 😢😢😢😢
@istvansipos9940
13 күн бұрын
:- ) It was better this way. The world would have stopped him anyway. Oceans and sh!t. Distance, disease, etc. besides, they did not even know where what was on Earth. F.e. the America.
@alvirarahman1559
13 күн бұрын
He didn't. Khalid sorta retired.
@HistoryBasis
13 күн бұрын
He didnt want his army to believe that Khalid gives victory and not god. Thats why he retired them. Btw, Amr is a very good general TBH
@animeszene
12 күн бұрын
@@HistoryBasis no but why he did that 😭😭 but many said omar forced him beacause everyone Was looking at him different
@HistoryBasis
12 күн бұрын
@@animeszene Yes, It is unfortunate that he did not command in more battles and campaigns. If it continued, we would have definetly said he is the greatest general in world history. But it is what it is. Sometimes sweet apples rot in the end. Doesnt matter. Even when Khalid ibn Walid was retired, they still had Amr ibn AL Aas (Conqueror of Egypt), And Saad ibn Waqqas (Conquerer of half of Persia). Two of the best generals in that era after Khalid ibn Walid!
Do you make your maps or do you get them from the internet
great video man can you make a series on baybars campaign against the crusader states? i can't seem to find anything good on that on youtube
@hegantank6495
13 күн бұрын
kings and generals has a video on him and his destruction and razing of antioch
For the algortithm 🍻🍻🍻🍻
Excellent video and graphic - just one inaccuracy at 8:45 when you say "troops from Lower Egypt were sent" to reinforce Theodosius and the graphic shows units going from South to North to Heliopolis. But "Lower Egypt" actually refers to the delta area of the Nile River in the North, i.e. downstream, not the upstream "Upper" Egypt in the South. So if your text is right, then the graphic should show units moving from the North to the South along the Nile, not the other way around.
Is it just me or has anyone else noticed that Amr Al Aas imitated the invasion strategy of Khalid by having the byzantines commit and pin down large numbers of their troops to one side of the country first before invading the emptied other half of the country so he can capture it with fewer troops?
@I_ML7
11 күн бұрын
Yh they were both geniuses, and fun fact they were friends and they became muslims in the same day.
it feels illegal for me to be this early
@HistoryMarche
13 күн бұрын
It's never too early for some medieval slaughter :)
if i am not mistaken i have read in different sources that the taxes were not changed when the muslims controlled egypt
Whoa, two battles today! Yaaaaay!
BRO FINISH THE HANNIBAL SERIES!!!! You guys left us hanging big time.
By the end Caliph Umar's reign more than half of the Persian empire was conquered by the Muslims. A fact not depicted on the map in this video.
The Arab Conquests are very underrated.
@Alexander-fl7ii
12 күн бұрын
Nah, they got lucky and hit two empires that just bled each other dry. If they had attacked at any other time, they would have been crushed.
@AliSyed711
12 күн бұрын
@@Alexander-fl7iiThe Arabs weren’t one united force. Immediately after the prophet’s death, most of Arabia rose up in rebellion And a large rebel army threatened Medina itself. They were only subdued after the extensive ridda wars against vastly superior rebel armies, culminating at battles such as Buzakha and Yamama. Most Arabian tribes - since they had rebelled - did not contribute to the war effort until later on when this was absolutely necessary at Qadisiyyah and that was only on the Persian front. You can’t just belittle the achievement of destroying Rome and ending Persia at the same time with the excuse of “they just fought a war”. Okay, so had the Arabs.
@MJ511KW
12 күн бұрын
@@Alexander-fl7ii the Arabs themselves were having a civil war of their own, if they didn’t have have civil wars and attacked the Byzantines in their prime, the Byzantines would still get crushed
@DrKarmo
12 күн бұрын
@@MJ511KWno they wouldn't, at their prime Belisarius would've sacked Mecca and islam would've never spread as far as it did
@Ghazi682
12 күн бұрын
@@DrKarmo lol keep creating your own happiness, belisarius would run for his life if he sees Khalid ibn Al walid not even the mongols can stop Islam you think Christians can ? 😂
Why are the 2 city maps in the same video of nikiou so different. Is this a massive oversight? First one at 22min mark. has many rivers meeting at nikiou as an important center, with the second map at the 27 min mark and battle of nikiou with it off set of the Nile and only a single river.
Fact the caliph umar didn't want to conquer Egypt at that time but amr was so excited to conquer it as he was a merchant before that had many caravans going in and out from alexandria, thanks for his insistence Egypt would be the base for many islamic early conquests
Thank you for this video! This video makes me cannot helped but wondering what's going to happen if the Roman Empire successfully reconquered Egypt back from the Rashidun Caliphate. Also, this video really explained in a way why the Coptic Christians during the Second Siege of Constantinople by the Arabs in 717-718 betrayed the Umayyad Caliphate and join the Romans in defending Constantinople by informing them where the newest fleet that come with supplies from Egypt and Tunis for Maslama's forces were.
@user-mm3cs1kt5r
9 күн бұрын
Not all of the Copts. Only a group did and that group was rejected by the Copts in Egypt. They were on the Romans payroll. Most of them are on the Arab side.
Legio V Macedonia was the oldest Roman legion, originating from the time of Caesar's Civil War. By that time, it was based in Egypt and had lasted 6 centuries before to be vanquished by the Muslims during the conquest of Egypt... This legion lasted from the time of Caesar to the time of Amr! From the beginnings of the Roman empire to the rise of Islam! Their annihilation signals a new era, where Rome would finally be supplanted by a greater empire...
@gheddafiduck8239
13 күн бұрын
Greater only by size, the caliphate didn’t leave half the legacy of Rome to the world
@BESTINTHEWORLD0007
13 күн бұрын
@@gheddafiduck8239 Rome legacy is only to Europe but the Caliphate legacy is in middle east, Asia, north africa What you say is ultimatly wrong
@gheddafiduck8239
13 күн бұрын
@@BESTINTHEWORLD0007 Rome’s legacy is everywhere through the world, most countries are republics, most countries are christians, most countries have laws modelled on Rome, I can go on..
@twistedsteeltv6130
13 күн бұрын
Alright chaps, let's just agree to disagree and enjoy the fact we're here to learn about it. We all love our favorite respective empires but let's maintain some decorum.
@gheddafiduck8239
13 күн бұрын
@@twistedsteeltv6130 that’s true but this is not a debate, there’s Rome and the civilisations that want to be like Rome
love the roman videos, any chance that the hannibal series hasn’t been abandoned hm?
@jozzieokes3422
13 күн бұрын
Part ,20 is being worked on !
@liamevers115
12 күн бұрын
@@jozzieokes3422 it’s been too long, it’s been nearly a year, im missing it😢
@jozzieokes3422
12 күн бұрын
@@liamevers115 same here, gotta have patience my man. You should play Rome 2 and play as Carthage, or the dlc in the game called Hannibal at the Gates! Great stuff
@liamevers115
4 күн бұрын
@@jozzieokes3422 what’s in on?
@jozzieokes3422
4 күн бұрын
@@liamevers115 ?
Please finish the second punic war series it's the best series i have seen on this war i am following it from it's start.
I'm not an expert on Egyptian history but I have a friend who is a Coptic Christian Egyptian and he is a history buff over the Middle East prior to the Arab invasion. According to him, most of the Middle East before the Arab invasion were full of Aramaic speaking Christians who made many advances in the sciences and technologies like "Greek Fire".
@aghstf8587
12 күн бұрын
Islamic invasion The Arabs were there before the invasion
@user-mm3cs1kt5r
9 күн бұрын
Well, you need to check the sources and verify your friend's claims. Do not take anyone's words for granted. Have a brain and verify his words and check the sources online yourself. You have the internet, you have no excuse to be ignorant unless you choose to be ignorant.
@zombieat
8 күн бұрын
@@aghstf8587 the arabization of the levant took place in the ninth century ad. and the arabization of egypt took place by the mameluke era. by arabization here i mean the majority adopting arabic as the ligua franca after aramaic and coptic.
@J_FGCC4474
8 күн бұрын
@@zombieat Syria is Arab Aramaic even before the Islamic conquest... everything proves this, even the ancient Roman and Greek historians. Yes, Egypt and North Africa were Arabized, but the point of Arabizing the Levant"alsham" and Iraq is not correct
@zombieat
7 күн бұрын
@@J_FGCC4474 it is kind of confusing because there are 3 different scripts called "arabic". and the one used today and in the quran comes from a small village in syria not the arabian peninsula. but obviously 5alegis and the shawam are genetically different.
The Legio V Macedonica were lost in Egypt as there are no more records of it after the conquest of the province by the muslims rip
@user-mm3cs1kt5r
9 күн бұрын
Your source: trust me bro.
his voice make it so much better
Hi.. Would appreciate it if you have a video on the attempt invasion on Yemen by the Romans in 24 BC by Julius..