The Republic of India's head of state is the Prime Minister of India. The executive power is held by the Prime Minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the fact that the President of India is the constitutionally designated, nominal, and ceremonial head of state. The prime minister is chosen by the party that has a majority in the Lok Sabha, the Republic of India's main legislative body, which is the lower chamber of the Indian parliament. The Lok Sabha is the prime minister's permanent accountability body. The upper house of the parliament, the Rajya Sabha or the Lok Sabha, can both contain the prime minister. The prime minister is ranked third.
The Prime Minister of India is chosen by the President of India; but, unless a Prime Minister resigns, the Prime Minister must have the support of the majority of the Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years. The Union government's Council of Ministers is presided over by the prime minister. The appointment and removal of Council members, as well as the distribution of positions within the government, are all unilateral decisions made by the prime minister. The President receives assistance from this Council, which is collectively accountable to the Lok Sabha under Article 75(3), regarding operations carried out in accordance with the latter's powers; however, due to Article 74 of the Constitution, the "aid and advice" provided by the Council is legally binding.
India has had 15 prime ministers since 1947. India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, presided over the Dominion of India from 15 August 1947 to 26 January 1950 and then the Republic of India from that point on till his passing in May 1964. Nehru was succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose 1 year 7-month term ended in his death in Tashkent, then in the USSR, where he had signed the Tashkent Declaration between India and Pakistan. Nehru had previously served as prime minister of the Interim Government of India in the British Raj from 2 September 1946 until 14 August 1947 (India held its first general elections in 1952).In 1966, Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi succeeded Shastri as the nation's first female prime minister. Eleven years later, the Janata Party, led by Morarji Desai, became the country's first non-Congress prime minister after her party, the Indian National Congress, lost the 1977 general election in India. After Desai resigned in 1979, his longtime associate Charan Singh briefly served as prime minister before Indira Gandhi won the general election in India in 1980 and took office once more. Five years later, on October 31, 1984, her bodyguards assassinated her, bringing her second stint as prime minister to an end. Rajiv Gandhi, her son, was sworn in as India's youngest prime minister. For around 38 years, members of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty served as prime minister.
Rajiv Gandhi's five-year mandate came to an end after he lost the general election; his former cabinet colleague, Janata Dal leader Vishwanath Pratap Singh, established the National Front coalition administration, which lasted for one year beginning in 1989. Following a seven-month interim period during which Chandra Shekhar served as prime minister, the Congress party regained control. Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated earlier that year, and the Congress party formed the government under P. V. Narasimha Rao in June 1991. Four short-lived governments-Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for 13 days in 1996, H. D. Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral for one year each as prime ministers of the United Front, and Vajpayee once more for 19 months in 1998-1999-followed Rao's five-year mandate. Vajpayee's National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the first non-Congress alliance to accomplish so, won the general election in 1998, and he held the position of prime minister for the full five years. In the general elections of 2004 and 2009, the Congress and its United Progressive Alliance triumphed, with Manmohan Singh serving as prime minister from 2004 to 2014. After the BJP won the 2014 general election in India, its leader in parliament, Narendra Modi, established the country's first majority single-party non-Congress government. Since then, Modi has become the country's prime minister thanks to his party's victory in the 2014 general election.
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