Posen/Poznań and the Kaiserreich

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This episode will cover the fascinating and multicultural city of Posen or Poznań during the days of the German Empire. It explains how ethnic Poles were seen and treated by the Prussian government and where that sentiment came from. It then gives an overview into how the city changed into an imperial residence for the German Kaiser.
Sources:
- Balzer, Brigitte: Die preußische Polenpolitik 1894-1908 und die Haltung der deutschen konservativen und liberalen Parteien (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Provinz Posen), Frankfurt am Main 1990.
- Blanke, Richard: Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871-1900), New York 1981.
- Lerp, Dörte: Imperiale Grenzräume. Bevölkerungspolitiken in Deutsch-Südwestafrika und den östlichen Provinzen Preußens 1884-1914, Frankfurt am Main 2016.
- Schwendemann, Heinrich: Das Posener Schloß. Von der „Kaiser-” zur „Führerresidenz”, in: Schirmann, Sylvain (Ed.): Annexion et nazification en Europe. Actes du colloque de Metz 7-8 Novembre 2003, Metz 2004, pp. 119-132.
- Serrier, Thomas: „Deutsche Kulturarbeit in der Ostmark. Der Mythos vom deutschen Vorrang und die Grenzproblematik in der Provinz Posen,(1871-1914), in: Müller, Michael G. & Petri, Rolf (Ed.): Die Nationalisierung von Grenzen. Zur Konstruktion nationaler Identitäten in sprachlich gemischten Grenzregionen, Marburg 2002, pp. 13-35.
- Urban, Thomas: Von Krakau bis Danzig. Eine Reise durch die deutsch-polnische Geschichte, Munich 2000.
- Volkmann, Hans-Erich: Die Polenpolitik des Kaiserreichs, Paderborn 2016.
Karnau, Oliver: Hermann Josef Stübben. rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/... (accessed on 26.08.2023)
Neubach, Helmut: Gründung der Königlichen Akademie in Posen. kulturstiftung.org/zeitstrahl... (accessed on 26.08.2023)
Chapters:
0:00 Era of Tolerance
1:15 Posen as a Prussian Province
3:25 The Polish Population
5:40 A “Prussian Prague”
8:39 The New City
10:03 The Imperial Quarter
13:55 The Kaiser’s New Castle
16:15 Outro

Пікірлер: 493

  • @jakubcesarzdakos5442
    @jakubcesarzdakos54428 ай бұрын

    One interesting fact you didn't include: one of the buildings build by the Kaiser after demolishing the old walls became the place where the Poles first broke the German Enigma code

  • @jakubcesarzdakos5442

    @jakubcesarzdakos5442

    8 ай бұрын

    Also, they have a very good museum of Enigma breaking there (although the original building was destroyed after the war and the Communist Party build their local headquarters there)

  • @LordDamianus

    @LordDamianus

    8 ай бұрын

    Wasn't that in Saxon Palace in Warsaw, though?

  • @jakubcesarzdakos5442

    @jakubcesarzdakos5442

    8 ай бұрын

    @@LordDamianus they moved there later but they started their work in Poznań

  • @pawekobylinski4634

    @pawekobylinski4634

    8 ай бұрын

    @@LordDamianus Saxon Palace in Warsaw was the headquarters of Polish Army and there was an office of Polish Inteligance responsible for informing general staff about situation. Workshops ware in other places.

  • @deathgobbler4774

    @deathgobbler4774

    8 ай бұрын

    we, profesionals, call this "we do a lil trolling".

  • @Czaroslaw
    @Czaroslaw8 ай бұрын

    Fun fact about the germanization attempts: when German settlers settled in Wielkopolska, they often adopted Polish culture. Why would they do that? They did that because at the time Polish culture was deeply tied to nobility, and therefore it was a way of increasing your social status.

  • @amadeosendiulo2137

    @amadeosendiulo2137

    8 ай бұрын

    And now we have a lot of Poles with German surnames... coincidence?

  • @stelmaxd

    @stelmaxd

    8 ай бұрын

    I've heard other reason for that. To my knowlage, most of setteling germans came from catholic parts of germany. Thus they had deeper religius ties with poles than protestant germans and already had distrust towards german goverment.

  • @smilingpolitely12345

    @smilingpolitely12345

    8 ай бұрын

    My great grandfather grandfather was ethnic German , he was born in Poznan as his family have moved there from Germany when his father was a child , and from stories I have heardfrom his mother he was drafted to German army he fought in France , my mom told me that he had holes in his legs , from machine gun wounds , I know that when he returnd from war he have taken part in Greterpoland upprising ... on Polish side , he considered himself a Pole his name was Ignaz (called Ignacy) Schultz, and when I have grown up in Poznan there where loot of Poles with German surnames .

  • @beniaminorzechowski9913

    @beniaminorzechowski9913

    8 ай бұрын

    @@amadeosendiulo2137 they are from the Opole region

  • @amadeosendiulo2137

    @amadeosendiulo2137

    8 ай бұрын

    @@beniaminorzechowski9913 Only in Opole /jk

  • @nickgotvyak5890
    @nickgotvyak58908 ай бұрын

    Word of caution for everyone thinking of visiting poznań - wait a year or two. The city is having major infrastructure reconstruction and most iconic landmarks (market Square, and most of city centre really) have dug up roads and temporary fences. And sadly, progress seems to be very slow as the city overextended it's constructions beyond capacity. UPD: in a sudden hurry, they actually almost finished the Old Market Square by Christmas!!! Still few constructions here and there but my initial projection might have been too pessimistic.

  • @infeltk

    @infeltk

    8 ай бұрын

    true, true. Old Market Square should be finished in November 2023.

  • @nickgotvyak5890

    @nickgotvyak5890

    8 ай бұрын

    @@infeltk I see that there is some progress there but highly doubt that.

  • @jcoker423

    @jcoker423

    4 ай бұрын

    Good advice, we were there 2yrs ago, and the center was beautiful, but under reconstruction/a mess. Something else. Ludendorff was born in a village outside Poznan, and Hindenburg was born in the city. It would be nice to have a plaque commemorating them, they were a good team. And someone should rebuild the Tennenberg Denkmal, it would be a real tourist magnet in (what seemed to me) a poor part of Poland. Not a German or a Pole, but I really enjoy history.

  • @blitzy3244

    @blitzy3244

    4 ай бұрын

    If it was still under German rule the renovations would have been completed on schedule.

  • @larsnanders

    @larsnanders

    3 ай бұрын

    There’s still A LOT of construction sites going on in the town centre so you were right at first

  • @michaireneuszjakubowski5289
    @michaireneuszjakubowski52898 ай бұрын

    Wonderful as always, but I just wanted to take a minute and praise your pronunciation. Polish is hard as shit, especially for people whose native lg isn't Slavic, and yet you nail it with astonishing consistency. There's quite a bit of good content on Poland and Poles marred by tortured pronunciation, it's just so refreshing to hear someone talk about this topic as eloquently as you. Also, I'll add a personal bit - my great-grandfather from my mom's side had fought in the Greater Poland uprising of 1918-19 (among other places), in a cavalry unit. A document stating his service there hangs framed in my grandfather's room to this day. Gramps himself wasn't around for it (he was born in '33), but still, whenever he retells the stories of this period that he'd heard from his father, I can't help but realize I'm literally getting second-hand information on events that happened more than a century ago.

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Thank you for the compliment and for the interesting story :)

  • @hiyou1976

    @hiyou1976

    8 ай бұрын

    Jezyk polski to najtrudniejszy jezyk, bardzo dobrze, dzięki temu nauka innych języków to dla nas bułka z masłem.

  • @michaireneuszjakubowski5289

    @michaireneuszjakubowski5289

    8 ай бұрын

    @@hiyou1976 Czasem uczę polskiego anglojęzycznych (tak to jestem anglistą z zawodu), zaświadczam, gramatyka języka polskiego jest okrutnie trudna. Przykład: jedno z pierwszych pytań uczniów to "dlaczego w polskim jest kilka razy mniej czasowników niż a angielskim?" Odpowiedź: derywacja prefiksalna - zajechać, dojechać, najechać, rozjechać itd. Następne pytanie, jakimi zasadami rządzi się dodawanie tych przedrostków? Otóż prawie żadnymi, jak chcą państwo mieć B1 to jest ok. 1000 kombinacji do nauczenia się a z następnymi poziomami liczba rośnie niemal wykładniczo. O takich rzeczach jak przypadki i składnia nawet nie wspomnę xD Okrutnie trudny język. PS: najtrudniejszym językiem jest Ithkuil, jest tak trudny że nawet jego twórca nie dał rady xD

  • @michaireneuszjakubowski5289

    @michaireneuszjakubowski5289

    8 ай бұрын

    @@SirManateee The pleasure is all mine!

  • @Elvuz
    @Elvuz8 ай бұрын

    I'm from Poznań and I'm Polish. Two of my great-great-grandfathers were decorated with the Iron Cross for the War of 1870. One my high school classmate's great-x3-grandfather fell at Wörth/Froeschwiller. The Poznań regiments consisting to a great extent of Poles were among those who conquered the Danish sconces at Dybbol, who prevailed at Königgrätz and who fought at Sedan and Gravelotte.

  • @eskil6096
    @eskil60968 ай бұрын

    Region of Poznan is a place where Poland was born 1000 years ago, it's a core of our national identity.

  • @goese868

    @goese868

    8 ай бұрын

    it's a gorgeous city as well

  • @Rapture-nv5vj
    @Rapture-nv5vj8 ай бұрын

    My city! :D Poznań has very intresting history, but it's often overlooked by other cities like Cracow, Warsaw or Gdańsk. This is why I love your channel. Great work

  • @astro5439

    @astro5439

    8 ай бұрын

    Poznań miasto doznań B)

  • @amadeosendiulo2137

    @amadeosendiulo2137

    8 ай бұрын

    @@astro5439 Rozkopane.

  • @astro5439

    @astro5439

    8 ай бұрын

    @@amadeosendiulo2137 Jeszcze jak

  • @PiotroVpl

    @PiotroVpl

    8 ай бұрын

    Nie przesadzaj. W lipcu się o Was dużo mówiło

  • @astro5439

    @astro5439

    8 ай бұрын

    @@PiotroVpl I to z jakiej przyczyny

  • @Bergdampf
    @Bergdampf8 ай бұрын

    Ich bin froh dass du zurück bist. Ich freue mich darauf, dieses Video anzusehen

  • @Emel_unlegit

    @Emel_unlegit

    8 ай бұрын

    Immer gut ein Video von ihm zu sehn

  • @martinledermann1862

    @martinledermann1862

    8 ай бұрын

    @@Emel_unlegit Stimmt!

  • @arkadiuszarczi1559
    @arkadiuszarczi15598 ай бұрын

    a bit of history about the city of Poznan Poznań was one of the capital and religious centers of the Piast state (Polish Dynasty) in the 10th and 11th centuries, in the past it served as the seat of Polish rulers, and was also one of the most developed fortresses in Poland at that time. Poznań was also the capital of Poland in the years 1290-1296. It is one of the oldest chartered cities in Poland - it was granted city rights in 1253. The city had the right to actively participate in the act of electing the king. In the Poznań cathedral there is a symbolic tomb of the first rulers of Poland - Mieszko I and Bolesław I the Brave. On the island of Ostrów Tumski, there is the seat of the curia of the Archdiocese of Poznań - the oldest in Poland, and the second oldest university in Poland. The capital of Greater Poland was one of the royal cities of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The meeting place of the election assemblies of the Poznań Voivodship from the 16th century to the first half of the 18th century. Shows of the nobility of the Poznań Voivodship of the First Republic took place near Poznań. In 2008, the complex of the oldest districts of the city was declared a monument of history.

  • @Artur_M.
    @Artur_M.8 ай бұрын

    Another great video of yours! 😊 A bit of a correction about 15:33; Piłsudski was never the president of the Polish Republic. In the formative period, after regaining independence, he was the temporary, extraordinary head of state (Naczelnik Państwa), and when in 1926 he came back from retirement by staging a coup and becoming a de facto dictator (sort of a soft version, but still), he engaged in "backseat driving" from the position of the General Inspector of the Armed Forces. Fun fact: German authorities failed even to re-Germanize/stop the Polonization of the community known as Bambrzy or Bambry (anglicized as Bambers) aka Polish Bambergians - descendants of German emigrants who settled around Poznań after the Great Northern War, before the Partitions. I guess they were united with the indigenous Polish population by their Catholicism and dislike for Prussians. 😉

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Thanks :) you're obviously right but I just love the picture of Piłsudski proudly walking through the castle ;)

  • @squonkhunter8994
    @squonkhunter89948 ай бұрын

    Poznan and its surrounding area was the home of many of my German-Polish ancestors. A beautiful and mostly forgotten city.

  • @kubagozdzik9708

    @kubagozdzik9708

    8 ай бұрын

    What do you mean forgotten lmao 600 thousand people live there

  • @ldubt4494

    @ldubt4494

    8 ай бұрын

    Itsmone of the biggest polish cities

  • @hordeman8933

    @hordeman8933

    8 ай бұрын

    As the matter of fact, it is one of the biggest cities in the country and one of the most prosperous cities in Central Europe. Definitely not "forgotten".

  • @electricink3908

    @electricink3908

    8 ай бұрын

    Hardly " forgotten"😂

  • @Nalesnik158

    @Nalesnik158

    8 ай бұрын

    I will live Germany for Poznań, because this city is powerful, beautiful and very clean. Not like in Germany dirty cities without future. I did very big mistake to go to Germany. But soon I will go back to Poland and you will live in Germany with your "NEW INGENIEURS" from Africa and South East. Good Luck for you. This history you should to have in your schools, because you Germans have no idea about participation of Poland, 1WW and 2WW. You have no idea about Gdańsk, Teutonic Order, Silesia.... NOTHING! You are only proud of your nationality and too much arrogant for foreigners who accept your language and culture. Thats why I will live this stupid country like Germany- country without future, country of massive burocracy, country without digitalisation, country of rascism, country of no respect, country of dirty cities, and country of people without knowledge. I cannot to speak with you guys about life or something more than the weather or climate! You do know nothing about the world. But you think that you are very smart nation. You were. Your time was over 10 years ago. Your place took central and east Europe. Soon your ship is going down, but without me. I lost my 10 years in this shit! Never again in Germany!

  • @SamAronow
    @SamAronow8 ай бұрын

    I'm most surprised that any of Poznan from this time period still exists. I was waiting for the moment where you'd explain how it was all destroyed in World War II and replaced by commie blocks.

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    There were indeed plans to tear down the Imperial Castle, but the city desperately needed rooms to keep its business running and demolishing it would have been way too expensive. Only the badly damaged tower was shortened a bit. Poznań and other Polish cities that got destroyed during the war such as Warsaw, Wrocław and Gdańsk were actually rebuilt very beautifully and are still some of the most picturesque cities in Central Europe. The same can't be said for many cities in West Germany lol

  • @amadeosendiulo2137

    @amadeosendiulo2137

    8 ай бұрын

    We're not Warsaw 🙂

  • @robb264

    @robb264

    8 ай бұрын

    Poznan city center retained most of its old charm (thanks to renovations, reconstructions and historicist movement in the 40's & 50's) and rest of XIX-century districts were barely damaged.

  • @benq3009

    @benq3009

    8 ай бұрын

    @@SirManateee Warsaw, Wrocław and Gdańsk unfortunately were only rebuilt in the very old medieval city centers, outside of these they are mostly commie block galores, with some old tenements that only recently get renovated. I'd say most polish cities have prettier old towns, but german cities are more pretty overall, even the ones badly destroyed in ww2. They are just more renovated and have better urban planning, but also because Germany was richer then Russia before ww1, when most of the old tenements were built

  • @gunterxvoices4101

    @gunterxvoices4101

    8 ай бұрын

    The only stuff that gor ruined was after the cold war. Sadly, not enough commie blocks to keep people living there. Lublin is much more suitable lol.

  • @saperek7975
    @saperek79758 ай бұрын

    great video! As a Pole i welcome more topics covering polish-german relations in history

  • @farmonxqc9370
    @farmonxqc93708 ай бұрын

    I really love history of the German empire, especially when it's little things like these. Your videos are really good, I love learning German history.

  • @naroga7757

    @naroga7757

    8 ай бұрын

    Fev german Provence/region?

  • @ElectrostatiCrow

    @ElectrostatiCrow

    8 ай бұрын

    Schlezwig-Holstein. Bavaria is my second favorite.@@naroga7757

  • @ericauskewneut5598

    @ericauskewneut5598

    8 ай бұрын

    @@naroga7757Königsberg

  • @naroga7757

    @naroga7757

    8 ай бұрын

    @@ericauskewneut5598 😏

  • @Pumblepik

    @Pumblepik

    8 ай бұрын

    @@ericauskewneut5598 kaliningrad* :3

  • @arghroar
    @arghroar8 ай бұрын

    Ahhh a fine slice of my home towns complicated history delivered in a very eloquent manner. Thank you.

  • @michalniebyl3404
    @michalniebyl34044 ай бұрын

    When I studied at Adam Mickiewicz University in the late 1990s we still had a couple of books in the library which were stamped with "Königliche Akademie Posen".

  • @alaska6678
    @alaska66788 ай бұрын

    Thank you for your videos. You cover topics I would have never thought to look into or even be aware of. I hope your channel continues to grow as your quality as of now is exceptional.

  • @TheWeedIsland
    @TheWeedIsland8 ай бұрын

    I visited Poznań last month and it's a beautiful city. I've been at a bunch of the places you've shown and seeing old photos of them is stunning. I also liked the kaiserforum square and reccommend anybody to also visit Fortress Winiary in the north, which is now a huge park which also includes a small open air military museum as well as some projects built by the Soviets in the name of friendship like an amphitheatre.

  • @JulianSki
    @JulianSki8 ай бұрын

    Another good video linked to the relationship between Poles and the partition era! I love your videos and keep up the work. On a side note, would you ever be willing to make a video on the topic of Silesia? it is another contentious part of the time and saw many conflicts between the Poles and Germans.

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    I would certainly be willing ;)

  • @forthrightgambitia1032
    @forthrightgambitia10328 ай бұрын

    I would add the university in the city (I am not sure if this is ironic or not) played another walk on part in history where three mathematicians from that university did much of the crucial early work in deciphering the mechanism of the Enigma machine. Much of their work was later taken on by codebreakers Bletchley Park and formed part of the early work that lead to the bombe deciphering machine.

  • @Luxnutz1
    @Luxnutz18 ай бұрын

    Another fantastic and important episode. I cant wait to see the followup episodes you mentioned.

  • @dangoth6667
    @dangoth66678 ай бұрын

    As always, you have a very good grasp on the historical facts and present them in a very interesting and teaching manner. The history of German and Polish states can tell us a lot about national identity and geopolitics. Also- brilliantly accurate Polish pronunciation, bravo!

  • @joachimvonvolkenrose6925
    @joachimvonvolkenrose69258 ай бұрын

    Really love the fact that you actually perfectly pronounce all foreign names rather than try to leg it like many youtubers

  • @NetEngs4UA

    @NetEngs4UA

    8 ай бұрын

    I was amazed by that too! And his Polish pronunciation was spot on!

  • @starseeker1334
    @starseeker13348 ай бұрын

    Amazing material yet again. The only small correction could be that Marshal Józef Piłsudski was never a president of Poland. He was in early years and during war against the Soviets in 1919-21, a head of state, same after the May Coup, but never a president.

  • @astaksantyna5780
    @astaksantyna57808 ай бұрын

    Wonderful video, but for anyone concidering visiting Poznań, please wait some time. Our entire city centre is dug up due to renovation, and half of our tram lines are now replacement buses.

  • @NetEngs4UA

    @NetEngs4UA

    8 ай бұрын

    kzread.info/dash/bejne/fK5k2K5vl7ysorA.html 😅

  • @davidblack1405
    @davidblack14053 ай бұрын

    Really great video!!! Brisk and fun and good detail. Respect

  • @Hilosiak
    @Hilosiak8 ай бұрын

    another great video! i know i said it once but really, you have a knack for picking interesting topics!

  • @thevichox07
    @thevichox078 ай бұрын

    Hugely underrated channel

  • @TheTb2364
    @TheTb23648 ай бұрын

    My city mentioned! Love your vids.

  • @Ponanoix
    @Ponanoix8 ай бұрын

    Nice video! By the way, I sure hope the majority of its viewers are mature and objective in their approach to this subject!

  • @vorynrosethorn903

    @vorynrosethorn903

    8 ай бұрын

    No, we are obviously all Russian imperialists, and will show it whenever the autocracy returns and our tears dry up about the holy martyrdom of the romanovs. In all seriousness though videos on topics this obscure have a self-selecting audience.

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Right now, they're actually quite alright but give it one week and the weirdos will appear

  • @Werty715_25

    @Werty715_25

    8 ай бұрын

    Honestly, I think that the comments will either maintain the status quo or turn into fighting grounds between nationalists.

  • @meteuor2859
    @meteuor28598 ай бұрын

    Oh the city where I studied, good stuff bro, subbing to the channel, a lot of info I did not knew about

  • @kaisar4091
    @kaisar40918 ай бұрын

    Very lovely video, a lot of good information overall! Do you think about doing a similar video in regards to those who lived in Alsace Lorraine?

  • @4TheWinQuinn
    @4TheWinQuinn8 ай бұрын

    Great video really interesting 👍

  • @ericson5038
    @ericson50388 ай бұрын

    I am from Poznań. Thanks for this interesting video!

  • @wholesomebaker5410
    @wholesomebaker54108 ай бұрын

    First time I see video about my home country that truly caught my attention! So well putted and interesting! Lately I find interest in Japanese Empire and I like to research about Japanization attempts in Taiwan and Korea! It's refreshing to take a good dose of knowledge about similar attempts but closer to home!😄

  • @ellidominusser1138

    @ellidominusser1138

    8 ай бұрын

    - 💀

  • @alexmatel33
    @alexmatel334 ай бұрын

    Interesting video. I've been to Pozan few times and I recognize serveral of the buildings and locations in the old photos. Now I know more context behind behind them.

  • @rainerwinkler8635
    @rainerwinkler86358 ай бұрын

    I actually have a family story related to Poznan. My great great grandfather (Grandfather of my grandma) was from Poznan. He was a dentist. Although he was a german patriot, he also spoke Polish at a really good level, because he had polish patients and business partners. And he wanted polish children to brush their teeth probably. So he wanted to explain to them in their native language. It was not unusual for eastern Germans at the time to speak Polish and we are also to some extent genetically related to Poles or partly descended from them. So at the end of the war when the Red Army came, a soviet soldiet came to him. He wanted him to remove his teeth and replace them with golden teeth. He had gold (propbabyl stolen) already in his pocket. My greaggreatgrandfather refused, saying he has healthy teeth and doesnt need it. The soviet soldier got angry and took him to the Poznan central market square and wanted to shoot him and his granddaughter (my grandma). In panic and not knowing what to do, he used the worst polish swearing words he knew at the Russian. Because polish swearing is so much more nastier than german swear words and he hoped the russiand would understand him. what happended? The russian was first suprised and then started laughing manically. So much that he decided to let him go. After that, my greatgreatgrandfather and my grandmother (my greatgrandfather fell in the war) sold all their stuff to a polish dentist he was friends with and settled in east Germany.

  • @krowaswieta7944

    @krowaswieta7944

    8 ай бұрын

    Good choice tbh. Red Army soldiers were in fact pretty savage. You know, even after nazi occupation of Poland, my grandma claimed: "Germans at least were trading with us, pay for honey, milk and stuff... All Russians were able to do was stealing and raping". And people who didnt leave (including those Germans who werent expeled right after the war [like 2 mln]) those territories, had to deal with this crap several more years after the war. Ofc i didnt mean to say that those are "inherent qualities of Russians" or any nationalistic bs of that sort. Red army soldiers were simply highly depraved due to the conditions they had to live in under Stalin's regime (and i guess wars also change people).

  • @DogDogGodFog

    @DogDogGodFog

    7 ай бұрын

    How do you know family history so far back?

  • @rainerwinkler8635

    @rainerwinkler8635

    7 ай бұрын

    @@DogDogGodFog my grandmother told me. she is old but still mentally sane.

  • @rainerwinkler8635

    @rainerwinkler8635

    7 ай бұрын

    @@krowaswieta7944 Russians will have to choose what they want: continue their current path and end up like North Korea, or get rid of Putin and return to the civilised world.

  • @krowaswieta7944

    @krowaswieta7944

    6 ай бұрын

    @mechupaunhuevon7662 What are you talking about?

  • @mirinda2956
    @mirinda29568 ай бұрын

    as a pole i think your polish is pretty good

  • @mustbegross
    @mustbegross8 ай бұрын

    Interesting video and subscribed 😊

  • @jebise6656
    @jebise66568 ай бұрын

    great content as always, u made me elarn a lot abt imeprial germany thru this :3 keep it up

  • @jolotschka
    @jolotschka8 ай бұрын

    Sehr lehrreich, Dankeschön

  • @LordDamianus
    @LordDamianus8 ай бұрын

    My home city! I live there since forever. :) This was honestly a surprise to see your video about it! Lovely but very underrated Polish city full of beautiful architecture, which you can notice looks very Prussian/German, but that's alright. Germans are great architects and they had a huge minority here (the largest one up to even 40% at one point). I must say, Poznań looks more pretty than even Kraków, but no one would believe it cuz... like I said, very underrated city. ;)

  • @babyyoda1898

    @babyyoda1898

    8 ай бұрын

    May we live forever in peace

  • @oc8636

    @oc8636

    8 ай бұрын

    I am curious. Do you have a clue if some of your ancestors were germans? Or were they Poles who were sent west by the Soviets for resettlement? One side of my Family comes from somewhere around that city but as they had to flee from there in a hurry it is impossible to know if they were Germans or Poles.

  • @LordDamianus

    @LordDamianus

    8 ай бұрын

    @@oc8636 I don't think so. Most likely not.

  • @meinhd1483

    @meinhd1483

    8 ай бұрын

    Wrocław is the most Germanic looking city in Poland. The question is how many prominent architects in Poznań's history were Germans, Poles or other Europeans? The market square and town hall do not look very Germanic to me. Are there any old buildings in Poznań that have the Polish eagle displayed on it's facades?

  • @aleskoutek8228

    @aleskoutek8228

    8 ай бұрын

    @meinhd1483 I'd say Bydgoszcz and Poznan have the most Prussian vibe of all polish cities I've visited. In Poznan I guess it's caused by sheer amount of representative buildings. The square with town hall in the middle is similar to quite a few towns in Silesia like Lwówek, Jelenia Góra or Zittau on german side.

  • @wendischhanse2555
    @wendischhanse25558 ай бұрын

    Thanx. Shown topic is very interesting for me. Social en enonomic everyday ties of old borderlands between Czechia, Germany and Poland

  • @rennor3498
    @rennor34988 ай бұрын

    Can you do a video on the city of Memel/Klaipeda which despite having been under Teutonic/Prussian/German rule for 700 years being something of a Lithuanian Posen.

  • @michaelmazowiecki9195

    @michaelmazowiecki9195

    8 ай бұрын

    Fundamental difference is that Poznań was Polish from its founding in mid 10th century and has been Polish ruled for over 900 years of its history and only 123 years of Prussian German rule.

  • @cezarywwy849

    @cezarywwy849

    8 ай бұрын

    Poznań was one of the capital and religious centers of the Piast state in the 10th and 11th centuries, in the past it served as the seat of Polish rulers, and was also one of the most developed fortresses in Poland at that time. Poznań was also the capital of Poland in the years 1290-1296. In the Poznań cathedral there is a symbolic tomb of the first rulers of Poland - Mieszko I and Bolesław I the Brave. On the island of Ostrów Tumski, there is the seat of the curia of the Archdiocese of Poznań - the oldest in Poland, and the second oldest university in Poland. The capital of Greater Poland was one of the royal cities of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

  • @Vitalis94

    @Vitalis94

    8 ай бұрын

    I would rather compare Klaipeda to Gdańsk, both were mostly German speaking cities throughout the history(although they began as Slavic and Baltic settlements, with Gdańsk being mostly Pommeranian/Polish up to the Teutonic conquest, while Klaipeda has shorter pre-Teutonic history, with the Teutons building the core of the old town) with significant Polish and Lithuanian minorities. Both purged the German majority after the war. Poznań on the other hand has always had a Polish majority with a large German minority (though it was majority German speaking in the medieval/renessaince era), that belonged for Poland for most of the history, not really comparable.

  • @rennor3498

    @rennor3498

    8 ай бұрын

    @@Vitalis94 Indeed I should have made a comparsion to Klaipeda and Gdansk as a more accurate presentation. However, I wanted to have some relevance to the videos topic, that being the development and existance of a non-German minority such as the Poles from Poznan, in a German dominated country.

  • @Superrichy261985
    @Superrichy2619858 ай бұрын

    Little Fun Fact: Angela Merkels grandfather Ludwik Marian Kaźmierczak was from Poznan and an ethnic Pole

  • @IhaveBigFeet

    @IhaveBigFeet

    8 ай бұрын

    I always thought she looked like your typical Polish babcia. She literally looks like my grandma

  • @rainerwinkler8635

    @rainerwinkler8635

    8 ай бұрын

    @@IhaveBigFeet actually there is an old guy in Poznan who said he met Merkel a few years ago at a family meeting and ssaid she was very friendly and spoke a few words of Polish. He is like second or third degree cousin of hers. he was in an local interview by a reporter. The reporter was quite suprised.

  • @amadeosendiulo2137
    @amadeosendiulo21378 ай бұрын

    Hello, I'm watching from the Poznań Old Town!

  • @susanharris3092
    @susanharris30923 ай бұрын

    Thank you for this video! My ancestors came to the United States from Posen/Poznan in the 1880s. They were German-speaking. I have always wondered about the political situation there and why they came to the United States. You have given me some much sought after information.

  • @johnholt890
    @johnholt8908 ай бұрын

    Beautiful city loved it when I visited.

  • @SireJaxs
    @SireJaxs8 ай бұрын

    Another great video mats, learning about the history of Germany even if I’m an American with no cultural ties, still amazing to learn about other nations peoples and cultures

  • @cezarywwy849

    @cezarywwy849

    8 ай бұрын

    Poznań was one of the capital and religious centers of the Piast state in the 10th and 11th centuries, in the past it served as the seat of Polish rulers, and was also one of the most developed fortresses in Poland at that time. Poznań was also the capital of Poland in the years 1290-1296. In the Poznań cathedral there is a symbolic tomb of the first rulers of Poland - Mieszko I and Bolesław I the Brave. On the island of Ostrów Tumski, there is the seat of the curia of the Archdiocese of Poznań - the oldest in Poland, and the second oldest university in Poland. The capital of Greater Poland was one of the royal cities of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

  • @elliot2773

    @elliot2773

    7 ай бұрын

    this is history of poland not germany retard

  • @darek4470
    @darek44704 ай бұрын

    Thx you 4 content about that

  • @Fruzhin5483
    @Fruzhin54838 ай бұрын

    A german talking about the history of a polish city with a russian folk song as the outro. Outrageously based

  • @NetEngs4UA

    @NetEngs4UA

    8 ай бұрын

    He covered all the bases, didn't he? xD

  • @Superrichy261985

    @Superrichy261985

    8 ай бұрын

    Russia is a little naughty at the moment

  • @alejandrotoro9676
    @alejandrotoro96768 ай бұрын

    9:51 good note to add 😅

  • @rodrikforrester6989
    @rodrikforrester69898 ай бұрын

    You're a real scholar of Eastern European historty, Manatee. Bravo.

  • @mieszczuch

    @mieszczuch

    8 ай бұрын

    *central Europe

  • @rodrikforrester6989

    @rodrikforrester6989

    8 ай бұрын

    @@mieszczuch Eastern Europe is always one country to the east of yours :)

  • @smiglo112

    @smiglo112

    8 ай бұрын

    @@rodrikforrester6989 Mate, geographic center of Europe lies, quite literally, somewhere between Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. Calling Poland "Eastern European" is both ignorant and insulting.

  • @ming2980

    @ming2980

    8 ай бұрын

    @@smiglo112 Polaka dupa boli

  • @smiglo112

    @smiglo112

    8 ай бұрын

    @@ming2980 Faktycznie, dupa mnie boli, że ho-ho. Polecam poważnie przyjrzeć się kiedyś mapie Europy, zamiast próbować być (marnym) trollem.

  • @prathamsingh1481
    @prathamsingh14818 ай бұрын

    Comrades wake up ! Sir Manatee has posted.

  • @AL73250
    @AL732508 ай бұрын

    What is your background? I have just discovered your channel.

  • @user-nt6ee8td7u
    @user-nt6ee8td7u3 ай бұрын

    Most interesting thing i found is Changing course of River Warta.The river was never flowing how its now.

  • @HannaARTzink
    @HannaARTzink8 ай бұрын

    Od course the period od tolerance was short lived. The Germanic hate for the Slavic element has been pathological. Germans arę capable of individual acts od kindness and understanding towards Poles, but those arę still - exceptions. The nicest thing they left for the Poles im Poznań os the Opera House, pleasant to look at and very useful as we respect musical culture immensely.

  • @holgerlinke98
    @holgerlinke988 ай бұрын

    11:10 is a map about the language areas in the 1400s really a good choice here? Wouldn't it be a good idea to make a video about the uprising post ww1 and how the city became a monoethnic one? It's not a nice story but maybe worth telling it in an honest fashion.

  • @alfredandersson875

    @alfredandersson875

    8 ай бұрын

    What are you on about bro

  • @holgerlinke98

    @holgerlinke98

    8 ай бұрын

    @@alfredandersson875 about the map or the other thing?

  • @martinledermann1862

    @martinledermann1862

    8 ай бұрын

    You're definitely right about the medieval map not being the most optimal choice given the context of this video, however I'd argue that an ethno-linguistic map from the end of 19th century or early (pre-WW1) 20th century would make much more sense here.

  • @TheLastCrankers
    @TheLastCrankers8 ай бұрын

    5:20 I think the more accurate translation would be the Society of Friends of Sciences, rather than learning (Nauk - (of sciences) vs Nauki - (of learning))

  • @satomi4179
    @satomi41798 ай бұрын

    I study in Poznań, and when I went to Collegium Maius for the first time and saw all this expensive marbles, lavis staircases, mossaics and stained glasses I thought: "Well, now I know why Settelment Commision failed and where all those money went"

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Tax payers money well spent

  • @elliot2773
    @elliot27738 ай бұрын

    living here all my life good place

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Indeed it is :)

  • @pawx33380
    @pawx333808 ай бұрын

    I'm from Poznań, and I have to say that Germans have huge impact on local customs and language. "Prussian traditions" still exist in local identity for example the German phrase of "Ordnung muß sein" is still in use, and residents of Poznań are proud of the unique combination of Polish and German traditions, traits and dialect, and it is sometimes a reason to feel superior to the rest of the Poles. We still use in some cases German language constructions, for example zrobić łóżko(bett machen) instead of grammatical correct ścielić łóżko, we use in common language word fyrtel(viertel) for city districts and word Bamber(from settlers from Bamberg) which means "rich farmer" who have great possessions in agricultural lands. As a Pole and resident of Poznań, the biggest problem I have with past german imperial decisions is the way of developing the city. Poznań could be of similar size to Wrocław, but german approach to the city was much diffrent.

  • @KKSLKS1922

    @KKSLKS1922

    8 ай бұрын

    Wiele rzeczy zabraliśmy od Niemców, co nie było problemem żeby z nimi walczyć :)

  • @hordeman8933

    @hordeman8933

    8 ай бұрын

    My favourite is "wihajster" (wie heißt er) to describe something one does not know an actual name to call.

  • @ObywatelMurawjow

    @ObywatelMurawjow

    8 ай бұрын

    I think Bamber is used mostly as "person that don't know manners". Like farmer that come to the city don't know local customs and behave poorly

  • @martinledermann1862

    @martinledermann1862

    8 ай бұрын

    @@ObywatelMurawjow Yup, my granny was from Bromberg, which used to have its own variant of the Posener Dialekt and the only meaning of that word my family knew is exactly the one you presented here. :) But it's interesting to learn that in Posen/Poznań itself, it can actually mean sth completely different, as I guess you wouldn't normally associate a RICH farmer with someone who lacked Kinderstube. ;D

  • @ravenravenPL

    @ravenravenPL

    8 ай бұрын

    Too bad that this „Ordnung” is a thing of a past. Poznan is no better than the rest of the Poland, and frankly, Germany itself is not so well organised as everybody thinks.

  • @ShadowSkryba
    @ShadowSkryba8 ай бұрын

    I can't wait for you to cover the absolute troll that was Mr. Drzymała

  • @NetEngs4UA

    @NetEngs4UA

    8 ай бұрын

    I was actually wondering whether he's gonna do that, too. Would definitely enjoy listening to a German perspective on Drzymała's story. :)

  • @bak606063
    @bak6060634 ай бұрын

    My grandmother’s family immigrated to America in the 1880’s from Posen. (Father was a Semler & Mother was a Lave) We have zero information about her family history. I know that her parents both spoke German, I hopefully once I find out more family history can visit one day.

  • @someguy7881

    @someguy7881

    2 ай бұрын

    Thats crazy! I have Semmler surname from my ma

  • @walsch80

    @walsch80

    Ай бұрын

    Lave could be Levy, and maybe they were a mixed couple that decided to go in America to escape some kind of discrimination. Especially in the past, the conditions for mixed couples sometimes were not properly good. In America, many surnames changed because the words were anglicized. Like De Niro, that is Di Nero in italian.

  • @VolkerGerman
    @VolkerGerman8 ай бұрын

    Thanks a lot for that fascinating video. I learnt about the rather self-defeating 'Germanization' policy in the Eastern provinces of Prussia in very gerneral terms in the history course at school -- also of course as a warning against any arrogant, overbearing nationalism that does not respect other nationalities -- but it is all the more interesting to learn the details of what this policy looked like in a city like Posen/Poznań, and how it developed and radicalized during the last 70 years of Prussian rule.

  • @___________________________._
    @___________________________._8 ай бұрын

    1:25 Passierschein A38 I see what you did there :)

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Hihi

  • @smellyaltka
    @smellyaltka8 ай бұрын

    Poznań now have a cool catchphrase „Poznań miasto doznań” which translates to "Poznań city of pleasures/experiences"

  • @tedbed1389

    @tedbed1389

    8 ай бұрын

    Doznania translates the best as "stimulae"

  • @martinledermann1862

    @martinledermann1862

    8 ай бұрын

    @@tedbed1389 Not really.

  • @tedbed1389

    @tedbed1389

    8 ай бұрын

    Yes, really.

  • @martinledermann1862

    @martinledermann1862

    8 ай бұрын

    @@piotrklos9543 That too, but let's not kid ourselves, that slogan is a clear sexual innuendo and stimuli (which is the correct plural form used in English rather than what tedbed suggested) sounds too 'medical', too 'scientific' to fit with that context.

  • @tedbed1389

    @tedbed1389

    8 ай бұрын

    Not to be too petty but, from google translate : "stimulus - a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. a thing that arouses activity or energy in someone or something; a spur or incentive" an interesting and exciting quality. "she loved the stimulus of the job"" The sexual innuendo is precisely why you should use the more technical soundimg term, because it also has that connotation. It's playfull. Sorry that escaped you, but I am right.

  • @stephanottawa7890
    @stephanottawa78903 ай бұрын

    Strange that the king of Prussia considered Protestantism "German" and Catholicism as something Polish when at least 40% of German-speakers at the time were Roman Catholic including a large RC majority in the Rhineland which at the time was under Prussian control. Possibly he saw the Protestant churches (I use the plural as there were Lutheran, Reform and United kinds) as more German in that the RC settlers to Poland tended to become Polish after one or two generations. I believe that is why the society for Germanization only took on Protestant farmers. Is there anything to this idea? Thanks for a great report. I would love to see the buildings of the Poznan University minus the statue of Bismark. I wonder what they did with it? I suppose it could be turned into something else.

  • @tori10tori10
    @tori10tori108 ай бұрын

    It was similar with Irland where die Brits build a lot of castles and other buildings and Irish were forbidden to speak Gaelic language. British succeeded with the language but were eventually forced to leave after 500 years of occupation

  • @MonsieurMoustachio
    @MonsieurMoustachio8 ай бұрын

    Hallo Freund, Ich schaue deine Videos mit großem Interesse und bin im Begriff, mein Begleitfach zu Geschichte zu wechseln. Bin Ebenfalls Student in Mitteldeutschland und Ich würd mich freuen, wenn Ich dich 1-2 Sachen diesbezüglich fragen könnte :)

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    Hi, die Idee ist wirklich toll! Was willst du denn wissen?

  • @dorianwilde2235
    @dorianwilde223528 күн бұрын

    great video, but one def mistake: Pilsudski was never a president of Poland so instead of his picture you should have used one of Wojciechowski or Mosciki. Besides that one could, argue, that a building can have an important function and meaning without being occupied. there a book on the topic which is freely accessible: "Politics of space in Prussian and Austrian-Hungarian cities" (2016)

  • @jstefens
    @jstefens20 күн бұрын

    I'm an American whose family is Polish from Poznan. Needless to say, my grandfather had little nice to say about Germans

  • @tablecjuszomega
    @tablecjuszomega6 ай бұрын

    Idea for new video: relations between Germans, Poles and Kashubians in Pomerania under the Prussian rule.

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    6 ай бұрын

    That could be very interesting indeed

  • @dreamcaster143
    @dreamcaster1437 ай бұрын

    Könnte Sie ein Bideo zur den Sudetendeutschen machen?

  • @randriu1221
    @randriu12218 ай бұрын

    Poznan is beautiful and one of the best cities to live in Poland

  • @NetEngs4UA

    @NetEngs4UA

    8 ай бұрын

    Indeed! And that's precisely why we included it on our long list of the most important places in Poland: kzread.info/dash/bejne/fK5k2K5vl7ysorA.html 😍

  • @Langustin69
    @Langustin698 ай бұрын

    Damn this boy cooks!!

  • @meinhd1483
    @meinhd14838 ай бұрын

    What was the status of Germany before WW1 within Europe (in terms of wealth)? I noticed Germany has a lot of imperialist looking palaces. Who were they for? Did the Germans invite the Dutch and Italians to help design their cities and palaces? Around what time period did Germans start to move out of the countryside and into big urbanized cities? Pre-WW2 German cities looked very densley populated, with heavy looking, ornate stonework. This must have been expensive. Lastly, why were they determined to Germanize the Slavic lands to the east?

  • @peterbushby9009
    @peterbushby90098 ай бұрын

    Met a busty Polish lady in the city in 2019

  • @Axolotls_out
    @Axolotls_out8 ай бұрын

    There are definitely interesting contrasts between how the polish regions controlled my each of the three powers (Germany, Austria, Russia) developed in the 19th century. Seems to me that the austrians gave more intellectual freedoms but kept the region economically very backwards, while the german controlled bits kind of had the opposite and became by far the richest/most industrialized. Overall, it seems to me that while Germany wished to germanize the area they could not hold back on their rational economical interests in the region which more or less prevailed. I visited Katowice a year ago, and it seemed that city was completely built up as an industrial hub of the German Empire, despite being polish speaking.

  • @piesewowexe2464
    @piesewowexe24648 ай бұрын

    Next video history of Silesia

  • @michaekrynicki8330
    @michaekrynicki83308 ай бұрын

    Family on my mother side was from there never been there tho

  • @NeroPiroman
    @NeroPiroman8 ай бұрын

    why was the tower of the castle decapitated?

  • @robb264

    @robb264

    8 ай бұрын

    WWII damage. After war there was no money or political will to fix it (people just renovated it to the point it could function normally but nothing more than that). Since castle is still standing there is always a chance to rebuild lost details as towers or spires in the future.

  • @NeroPiroman

    @NeroPiroman

    8 ай бұрын

    @@robb264 unfortunate

  • @alfredandersson875

    @alfredandersson875

    8 ай бұрын

    @@robb264 thanks for the info!

  • @Hadar1991
    @Hadar19916 ай бұрын

    0:10 It would be nice if somebody would fact check me on this, because I am writing from memory and I may be completely wrong, but if I recall correctly, in what you described as Era of Tolerance, Prussia was very eager to give predatory loans to Poles, for whom it was a novelty and did not realized what strings were attached. It would not be that bad if not for the brief era of Duchy of Warsaw during which Poles did not pay off those loans (you know, suddenly creditors became part of completely other and quite hostile country). After Napoleon defeat and reintegration of Western Greater Poland into Germany creditors demanded the debt back from Poles with all the interest stack up which put a lot of Posen into generational debt and strong economic disadvantage compare to Germans. But I remember this scheme very vaguely and I can mix up the facts so it would be great it somebody fact checked what I just wrote.

  • @theodoreroosevelt3143
    @theodoreroosevelt31438 ай бұрын

    I'm sure Bismarck wasn't so harsh on the po... "HIT THE POLES SO HARD THAT THEY DESPAIR OF THEIR LIFE..." : / damn Otto you mf

  • @SirManateee

    @SirManateee

    8 ай бұрын

    he was an interesting character to say the least

  • @grassnothing1631
    @grassnothing16318 ай бұрын

    👍

  • @mzwierzycki
    @mzwierzycki8 ай бұрын

    Pyry górą!!!

  • @goldenfiberwheat238
    @goldenfiberwheat2388 ай бұрын

    9:48 so that’s why he took all those hands. That wasn’t a punishment. He was using their dna to *build* clones

  • @rekke92
    @rekke928 ай бұрын

    Yay! The manatee is back! :)

  • @user-yv4gg7jb2f
    @user-yv4gg7jb2f3 ай бұрын

    I hope the content contains some truth ansonsten ist es aufjedenfall sehr amüsant merci

  • @pzkpfwivausff2774

    @pzkpfwivausff2774

    20 күн бұрын

    🧑🫸🇩🇪🐖

  • @metanoian965
    @metanoian9658 ай бұрын

    @ 1' 44" = That is a "Star Fort". Who built it and when ? It was deliberately destroyed. There are many around the world. Many have been deliberately destroyed by TPTB. Why ?

  • @tomaszkarwik6357
    @tomaszkarwik63578 ай бұрын

    16:12 well you won't see anything as the whole city is in constant state of renovation

  • @legitplayin6977
    @legitplayin69778 ай бұрын

    I sure hope that the comments won’t be filled with kaiserboos

  • @chinesetaxevader

    @chinesetaxevader

    8 ай бұрын

    its hard to be anything else with this history of ours :/

  • @jtgd

    @jtgd

    8 ай бұрын

    “God save the Kaiser”

  • @SwePol

    @SwePol

    8 ай бұрын

    “Posen ist deutsches!“ -Kaiserboo who’s never been to Germany.

  • @yarpen26

    @yarpen26

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@SwePolMost German nationalists are non-Germans. Yeah, peculiar.

  • @legitplayin6977

    @legitplayin6977

    8 ай бұрын

    @@chinesetaxevader You can be a Chad Weimar Republic enjoyer

  • @paulwebbiweb
    @paulwebbiweb8 ай бұрын

    "National conscience" should be "national consciousness".

  • @tarikmehmedika2754
    @tarikmehmedika27548 ай бұрын

    At least Germans came to their senses after doing what Serbs have been and are still doing to Bosniaks but when will Serbs come to their senses ? 🤔

  • @pawekuczynski6350
    @pawekuczynski63508 ай бұрын

    A czy przypadkiem szlachetni amerykańscy lotnicy nie zbombardowali Poznania w 1944 jako niemieckiego miasta chociaż było już po Teheranie i wiedzieli że polskie granice będą do Odry

  • @fattshea8085
    @fattshea80858 ай бұрын

    w vid

  • @axlYode
    @axlYode8 ай бұрын

    Grundwald Jezyce

  • @GeneralCurtisEmersonLeMay
    @GeneralCurtisEmersonLeMayАй бұрын

    Posen war immer schon deutsch und eine sehr tolerante und pluralistische Provinz 🇩🇪🇩🇪

  • @pzkpfwivausff2774

    @pzkpfwivausff2774

    20 күн бұрын

    🧑🫸🇩🇪🐖

  • @pzkpfwivausff2774

    @pzkpfwivausff2774

    20 күн бұрын

    🧑🫸🇩🇪🐖

  • @maxwalker1159
    @maxwalker11598 ай бұрын

    !

  • @wojtek1180
    @wojtek11808 ай бұрын

    I'm from Poznan, this buildings are scars on the face of my beautifful city, scars given by the chauwinistic colonizer, The father of nazi. they show how the roots on naizsm started, and all who worship them always follow the suit of what was about to happen ;)

  • @ImperialDiecast

    @ImperialDiecast

    8 ай бұрын

    lmao these buildings were beautiful compared to soviet architecture