For all the people who are lazy to watch this video XD: This stage involves chemiosmosis which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Cristae) • Reduced NAD and FAD are passed to the electron transport chain. • Reduced NADs and FADs release hydrogen atoms which then split up into H+ and 1e • Electrons move down an energy gradient across the ETC to release energy. • This energy is utilised to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space producing a proton gradient. • H+ then move down conc. gradient through ATP synthase back into the matrix via facilitated diffusion. • ADP + Pi → ATP, also occurs while the protons pass through ATP synthase. This happens by utilising the protons’ electrical potential energy for chemiosmosis. • Oxygen acts as the final e- acceptor to form water. 1/2(O2) + (2H+)+ 2e- → H2O Theoretically • Reduced NAD produces 3 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 2 molecules of ATP However, some energy is used to transport ADP into the mitochondrion and ATP into the cytoplasm ∴ Realistically • Reduced NAD produces 2.5 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 1.5 molecules of ATP

@user-bk6uc5pi7n

2 жыл бұрын

Goat

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

Love this 😄 But sure reading is just as much effort 😆

@Zen_Zen_Zense

2 жыл бұрын

thanksss

@lilyofthevalley005

2 жыл бұрын

ily

@Idkchangethislater

Жыл бұрын

I love you so much

I don't know what I would have done without u. Thank u miss estruch!

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

You are so welcome and I hope this videos help you to achieve the grades you deserve!

Thank you so much for this to the point and clear explanation, you're a life saver❤️

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

So glad you liked it and found it clear to understand 😊

Thankful for these vedios they are helping us in our studies in biology

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

You're so welcome 😊😊

@edwarddjan8319

Жыл бұрын

It's true

@yahyarassam2991

7 ай бұрын

Videos mate

The best explanation on the net.

This helped so much with my hw. Also really appreciate how succinct the information is👍🏾👍🏾

@MissEstruchBiology

4 жыл бұрын

Hello Venus, I'm really glad it helped :) Thanks for the feeback.

I love these videos so much. Thanks so much Miss Estruch.

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you! So glad you like them 😊

What would normally take the better part of an hour, you did it in under 6 minutes. That is more than 10 times faster. Thanks!

I have never commented on a video before, but I have to say thank you soo much, these videos do really help me a lot with my pharmacy foundation year, appreciate your time and effort, kind regards ❤️

@MissEstruchBiology

Жыл бұрын

oh wow, I'm honoured to have earned your first comment! That's so amazing that my videos help with beyond A levels too!!

Thank you so much Ms Estruch

@MissEstruchBiology

9 ай бұрын

You're so welcome

thank you so much ,these explanations are more than clear

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

So pleased you found it clear to understand!!!

This helped me so much! I have spent the past week completely baffled about the entire process. Thank you so much

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

awww I'm so pleased to hear it has helped you understand 😀

@rachelluo2978

3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology :)

great video, made it very easy to understand :)

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

Really glad you found it easy to understand 🙌

This is amazing. So clear and made so easy. Thank you!! You have a new subscriber!!

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

So glad this video helped you! Thanks for subscribing, hope you enjoy all the new content too.

So helpful and so well explained thank you!

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you :) Glad it was helpful!

HELLO, I JUST WANT TO KNOW THE NET PRODUCTS PRODUCED AND THEIR AMOUNTS PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE IN THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PROCESS, JUST LIKE YOU MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS VEDIOS.... BTW THIS VEDIO IS A LIFE SAVER. THANK YOU SO MUCH

i have bio tommo afternoon and you've just saved me, thank you so much :)

@MissEstruchBiology

Жыл бұрын

Happy to help! Good luck!!!

@MissEstruchBiology

Жыл бұрын

this video is papar 2 content though!

@ruben9510

Жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiologyOMG scared me for a second. I do OCR which has it on paper 1

This video is very helpful thank you so much! So does the atp synthase act as a enzyme and a protein carrier at the same time?

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Yes it does! :) You are very welcome.

this 5 min video taught me more than lessons

@MissEstruchBiology

Жыл бұрын

ahhhh so pleased!!! I hope the rest all help you too@

thank you very much!

@MissEstruchBiology

3 ай бұрын

You're welcome :D

Goated teacher 💯

@MissEstruchBiology

7 ай бұрын

ahh thank you :D

lifeee saver!!!!!!

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

So glad it helped

Wowww This is soo good and explanatory!!!! Definitely recommend your videos !

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you! 😃 Really glad you liked it

you explain it really well and make it easy to understand and remember, thank you :)

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Hey Ella, So glad you think so and that it helped you!! Hopefully it helps you remember for your assessments 🤞🤞

@ellamountain3087

3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you :)

The day before my A Level and I finally understand respiration, thank you so much!!

@eragon1378

Жыл бұрын

how did it go?

@zara8313

Жыл бұрын

@@eragon1378 it went well i got the grade i needed :)

@eragon1378

Жыл бұрын

@@zara8313 Fantastic! really nice to hear, I've got my a levels this year 😬😬😬

@zara8313

Жыл бұрын

@@eragon1378 good luck!!

Thank you for your video. I could completely understand what I wanted to know. I have one question. In your video you mentioned that "Reduced NAD and FAD" , are "Reduced NAD and FAD" NADH and FADH?

@MissEstruchBiology

5 ай бұрын

hey! Yes they are the same thing 😊

Hi in class my teacher spoke about NADH dehydrogenase which oxides NAD. Where would this take place ??:)

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

Hello, That would happen in the mitochondrial matrix. It is the enzyme that removes the H from NAD, and then H splits into protons and electrons. Hope that helps 😊

I have a test on cellular respiration tomorrow, and i have to say ur videos helped me alot !! Thank you so much🙏🏼❤️❤️

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

So pleased the videos have helped! I hope your test goes well :)

where have the 10 reduced NAD come from. I thought there were 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the links reaction and 4 from the Krebs cycle

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Hello, You gain 6 from the Kreb's cycle (3 per cycle, but the cycle runs twice per glucose molecule)

Amazing video, just wondering if the Oxygen is also important in preventing the protons build up in the matrix?

@MissEstruchBiology

3 ай бұрын

thank you. Mark schemes always link it to oxygen being important as the final electron acceptor to enable the electron transport chain to continue and therefore ATP can still be made

hi miss, do we need to learn about the cytochrome chain? my teacher explained this but i have no idea what its about and you havent mentioned it

@MissEstruchBiology

24 күн бұрын

not for AQA

Where do the electrons come from when this process first begins? great video by the way, thank you

@MissEstruchBiology

2 жыл бұрын

They come from photolysis. The water is split into h+ , electrons and oxygen

@jacobbraithwaite6264

2 жыл бұрын

NADH and FADH is oxidised to NAD and FAD, releasing electrons

so the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation is NADH and FADH releasing hydrogen atoms that are split into electrons and protons? (btw love your videos super easy to understand honestly wish i had found your channel much more earlier)

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Hello, So glad you are finding them helpful! Yes, that has to happen first in order for chemiosmosis to occur 😊

@animationbooth_28

Жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology is chemiosmosis another name for oxidative phosphorylation?

Hi Miss, I don’t get why oxygen is important with accepting electrons. If it accepts the electrons wouldn’t there be less electrons available for the electron transport chain?

@MissEstruchBiology

Жыл бұрын

the elections are continually released by the reduced coenzymes, but if oxygen didn't pick them up at the end of the chain then the chain couldn't continue and therefore no more H+ would be pumped across and then no more ATP would be made. Hope that helps!

very helpful thank you

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

You're welcome! Really glad it helped !

You are an honest boss at what you do, thank you so much!

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

haha thank you!!! 😁 So pleased you like them

Also, what is the role of Cyt C in this process?

@MissEstruchBiology

4 жыл бұрын

Cytochrome C is one of the proteins in the electron transfer chain, which is part of the redox reactions when the electrons move from protein to protein embedded within the cristae (this is not on the AQA A-level specification though if you study this).

what is the chemiosmotic theory?

@MissEstruchBiology

3 жыл бұрын

Hello, chemiosmosis is at 3.20min in the video. It is the movement of protons down their concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. Hope that helps :)

around 3:35 you made the mistake of saying H+ move down their concentration gradient via ATP synthase

@MissEstruchBiology

4 жыл бұрын

Hello, that isn't a mistake, that is what happens. First, H+ is actively transported through proteins embedded in the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space (using the energy released from the ETC). This creates an electrochemical gradient, (more H+ in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix), and therefore H+ move down their concentration gradient, through ATP synthase back in the matrix.

❤🌹

@MissEstruchBiology

4 жыл бұрын

Hope the video is helpful

@MrMidoo2010

4 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology well done really

Jesus loves you all

@dele.n1

2 ай бұрын

amen bro🙏🏾

@anguu3544

Ай бұрын

Amen bro

@Letik3x

20 күн бұрын

Loves you too fr fr ❤