For anyone having trouble getting over drinking recycled water that used to be pee, just remember, ALL water on Earth is recycled water that used to be pee.

@TheForbiddenDance

7 ай бұрын

That first untainted water a few billion years ago hit different though

@swadlol

6 ай бұрын

Lol my daughter had a water bottle with dinosaurs on it and we always called it dinosaur water. And yeah a dinosaur most definitely drank that water at some point.

I love that this demonstrates how some technologies that are simply not really viable outside of scientific study on Earth, would be life changing on another planet.

@marcfruchtman9473

7 ай бұрын

Exactly.

@etsequentia6765

7 ай бұрын

There's no limit to what Big Oxygen will do to try to push their 'product'.

@NeCoruption

7 ай бұрын

​@@etsequentia6765lmao oxygen Gate

@astralclub5964

7 ай бұрын

Bottom line: The worst day in Antartica is vastly better than the best day on Mars. Invest 1/10th as much money in creating new and improved biospheres here on Earth than you planned to blow on that red hellscape.

@NeCoruption

7 ай бұрын

@@astralclub5964 sorry but Antarctica isn't just excluded from the earths problems lol. Now if we figured out the OCEAN instead, that could be a step.

So we need a machine that turns carbon dioxide into oxygen. So a plant. We need to make an artificial plant.

@SirDoooche

7 ай бұрын

yes but no

@unnamedchannel1237

7 ай бұрын

Pretty much what we need on earth

@broke7436

7 ай бұрын

It's about efficiency if we can do it faster than plants we will.

@benjaminjones5744

7 ай бұрын

seems like a paradox that forests are burning at a rate so bad lately we need to efficiently go to another planet to be better than what we had

@broke7436

7 ай бұрын

what? the forest are shrinking sure but we still got plenty for now.@@benjaminjones5744

Anyone who plays the "Surviving Mars" computer game soon realizes that the least stressful way of surviving Mars is to take no people until the place is built up by the machines like a massive holiday resort. Not having to worry about people freezing to death, dying of thirst, suffocating, or just going insane is a big weight off your mind.

@amesbrice

7 ай бұрын

A day in that game is messured as a year tho....so 150-300 years to taraform the planet, plus we dont have any of the tech unlocked in our reaility...our trillions of dollars...all we got is a rocket that can get there..

@bernardedwards8461

4 ай бұрын

Not practical.

3:28 “…so long as you can psychologically get past that it’s almost all recycled urine…” Well, yes, Earth’s water has been recycled innumerable times. Every glass if water you drink has some component of water that has passed through Napoleon and a t.rex. Only a minuscule amount of water is truly virgin, never-gone-through-someone’s-bladder.

@fillemptytummy

7 ай бұрын

The amount of piss is tiny compared to how much water is in the sea.

@MyKharli

7 ай бұрын

Running out of toilet paper will make everyone kill themselves , if they survive who cleans the crap out of spacesuits ordeal , close call which will be first . They cannot even wash there own clothes on a 150 billion ISS lol .

@Texas240

7 ай бұрын

I had a friend trying to explain to me that Red Bull has bull sperm as an ingredient because it has Taurine in it which is a component of most meat and fish. I recently came across some click bait thing, that I avoided clicking, explaining that I was eating the wrong type of carbon atoms in my diet.

@Eva9000

7 ай бұрын

Some of the water comes from poop The humble water molecule is well travelled

The Martian atmosphere may be 95% CO2 but the atmosphere is very thin, meaning 95% doesn’t equate to a lot in a thin atmosphere. Two large, mature trees can provide enough oxygen from CO2 to provide for a family of four but you’d have to water them, keep them in a warm environment and capture the oxygen somehow.

@user-xp1cb1jw3e

7 ай бұрын

during the night most trees' process flips btw and they'll need oxygen at that moment. Also they'll need particular nutrients from the soil, which are absent on Mars. Before we can talk trees there's allot of preceeding terraforming steps that need to be done I'm afraid brother :(

@bluesky45299

7 ай бұрын

Quran says: “Allah:there is not God except he”:The Neccessary life/consciousness,sustainer of life/consciousness.” Wire like neuronal structures that conduct electricity via ions/neurotransmitters in the CNS/PNS possess no attribute of thinking/life and yet that has “randomly” led to life. Consciousness/thinking is an innate idea(“Fitra”)that is distinct from carbon skeleton and yet the materialist scientist believes that chemistry turned into biology via “god of randomness”/”Emergent property”/”law of nature”. Consciousness can only stem from Necessary Consciousness (Allah-one/indivisible/loving/self-sufficient perfection).

@flib6595

7 ай бұрын

@@bluesky45299shut up. We are taking about real things

@BurtonShotton

7 ай бұрын

Initially tanks of photosynthetic algae would probably be a lot easier to manage.

@89qwyg9yqa34t

7 ай бұрын

There's a significant misunderstanding of how trees work. Trees use carbon pulled from the atmosphere to create support material, meaning that in order for the tree to convert CO2 to oxygen, it has to take the carbon from the air, combined with water to make CHO chains and release a small amount of oxygen as a waste product. All carbon stored in trees eventually becomes atmospheric carbon again due to decomposition. The reason most of our oxygen comes from the ocean is that, while plankton has the same process of photosynthesis, the carbon that makes their bodies falls down to the bottom of the ocean and is never released again until we discover it as oil. Also I would vary my Google searches more broadly. There's no way two trees could support a family. Finally, I can't be sure, but I'm willing to presume that a tree working under such low atmospheric density would either not survive, or be significantly less efficient in producing waste oxygen through photosynthesis.

Thank you Prof. Miles, it is actually the first time I see a proper explanation of the Moxie device installed on the Perseverance Rover. Greetings, Anthony

This is how we'll breathe on Mars: Hold your breath quite long.

Those chemical oxygen generators (also known as oxygen candles) are also used on submarines and on aircraft as emergency oxygen supplies. Submarines get most of their oxygen from electrolysis, usually having a pair of electrolysers - one is actually enough most of the time, but they have two as a backup. The oxygen generators are only used if the electrolyser sources are offline for whatever reason. They are also quite dangerous, partially because they get so hot in operation but also because the sodium chlorate is a powerful oxidiser. They are basically big sparklers - the mix contains just enough iron powder to sustain the combustion and generate enough heat to decompose the excess sodium chlorate into oxygen. The other danger comes from accidental contamination - there have been several incidents where one of these oxygen candles got contaminated with oil or grease, and then subsequently detonating when ignited, killing several unfortunate submariners. The same devices are used as the emergency oxygen generators on commercial aircraft: If cabin pressure is lost during a flight and those oxygen masks drop from the panels above your seat, this is where the oxygen comes from - when you pull on the mask, the string pulls the trigger on the igniter which starts the oxygen flow. The reason these are used is because they are much lighter weight than compressed oxygen cylinders, which is an important consideration for aircraft. They typically produce oxygen for about 20 minutes, which is enough time for the pilots to take the plane down to an altitude where extra oxygen isn't needed any more. There was a quite famous (or infamous) incident where a plane was transporting a load of oxygen generators to be decommissioned in the forward cargo compartment. They were supposed to have been deactivated (by removing the ignition triggers) but whoever was supposed to do that forgot to. One of them ignited and set off a chain reaction, igniting most of the rest and filling the cargo compartment with oxygen, causing an intense fire in flight. The fire burned through the avionics bay above the compartment and caused the plane to crash - but the pilots didn't think it could have been a fire at the time since a fire in a cargo compartment at altitude should not have been possible - it was only the boosted oxygen level from the oxygen generators which made it possible. This was only worked out retrospectively after the crash, and was one of the weirdest crash investigations ever done.

@citywitt3202

7 ай бұрын

The Everglades crash.

@kevinkelly8883

7 ай бұрын

Fu Lloyd

@LotusMorning

7 ай бұрын

Excellent information. Thank you for your reply.

@willmyles1285

7 ай бұрын

I had not plan on reading and learning that much...glad I did😌

@nickabel8279

7 ай бұрын

Wonder if mentour pilot covered it...

In sci fi novels self sustaining suits are sometimes described. It’s intriguing to imagine the apotheosis of development of such a system - creating a level 3 synthetic micro techno-biosphere bubble around a person that recycles all waste products to sustain life. Is this even physically possible? It’s the food and nutrition aspect that is hardest for me to imagine.

@fjvmunsterman

7 ай бұрын

What you're talking about is basically a combination between a space suit, and a still suit from Frank Herbert's Dune. A suit like that could theoretically be worn for weeks, provided it stays in good working order, and you have a very dense power source. With regards to food and nutrition, that should either be available in a situation where you are not dependent on the suit itself, but are travelling in some kind of vehicle (like a ground or flying vehicle), or if it were somehow to be part of the suit, it would have to be incredibly dense in the necessary nutrients, in either a liquid (like soylent), or in a pil or capsule form.

@charlesblithfield6182

7 ай бұрын

@@fjvmunsterman yeah, food and waste are the hard issues. There's also a pretty cool emergency survival suit in KS Robinson’s 2312 book. I think the characters say you could expect to survive for weeks in space. It had medical care built in too with a suite of drugs and the ability to care for wounds. Also the suit helps you put it on with built in servos. Each suit was an individual AI as well, highly intelligent.

@fjvmunsterman

7 ай бұрын

@@charlesblithfield6182 Well, if you could somehow transfer at least the human feces, urine, and the exhaled carbon-dioxide to one spot, and let that pass through some type of miniature bio-filter/reactor system, made up of (perhaps designed ?) micro-organisms, that feed off the waste products (the urea, the feces, and the CO2), while also filtering most of the water for reuse when passing through, and produce some oxygen, and maybe a little heat while doing so (which could then be turned into electricity to be stored), you would all-ready be well on your way. For the water in sweat recovery you would need a separate system, that would connect at the end of that system with what would be the water storage system in the suit. An (active) human being produces on average about a liter of sweat per hour, and between 0.8 to 2 liters of urine per day, which could total up to 26 liters per day in extreme cases (allthough in such a case a good amount of that water would also be reabsorbed during that day by the person inside the suit via fluid intake). Having a built-in medical suite, and a suit A.I. wouldn't hurt either (especially if you were about to kick the bucket for some reason). I recognize the idea of a built-in medical suite from reading "The Forever War" book (and subsequent comic series) by Joe Haldeman, and the suit A.I. from the fairly recent Final Space animated series.

@MyKharli

7 ай бұрын

No its not , sci fi is not reality .

@JohnYoo39

6 ай бұрын

As always, energy is the issue. We can (theoretically) currently rearrange particles to make new atoms, but it takes so much energy to do so.

Wow. Through the fog of time, I can now make out a self sustaining space suit (after we create tiny, but extremely energy dense power cells to power it on Mars). Thanks for the illumination good Doctor.

@todaystarr

7 ай бұрын

Read "The Half Life of a Nuclear Battery" by Phillip Talbert.

@BenMitro

7 ай бұрын

@@todaystarr Thanks for the tip. Sounds great.

@liam3284

7 ай бұрын

The problem with that becomes heat disipation on a thin atmosphere. We could try to radiate it, but need to get quite hot, too hot for humans?

@BenMitro

7 ай бұрын

@@liam3284 Good point, there is a limit to how much energy can be radiated that is determined by the temperature difference, so the problem may not be so bad when the temperature is very low...

@todaystarr

7 ай бұрын

Possibly use infrared transmitters.@@BenMitro

That's a great video. Super informative but more importantly it is fun to watch.

just found this channel n subbed. i liked this video a lot. it felt like a full circle moment back when i was 12 watching science channels and barely understood a thing, now i understood everything you said.

What i love about Mars is that during summer time even a thin atmosphere at that distance from the Sun could go up to 20C - which is quite a pleasant temp. (ignoring the pressure and composition issues) - which suggest that if the planet could hold onto a thicker atmosphere (magnetic field / gravity) - it could be a pleasant place in the solar system.

@fredericelbo9211

7 ай бұрын

It can't, mars has not a strong enough magnetic field, mars cant hold on an atmosphere that could support live, we should care more about our world and not look for other planets

@mityaboy4639

7 ай бұрын

@@fredericelbo9211 i know that :) i even cited them as if it could hold onto it and then listed what it would need. :) So disagreement here

@davidcadman4468

7 ай бұрын

I often wonder, how long the atmosphere of Mars takes to disapate into Space via the Sun's Solar Wind's effects. Are we talking centuries or millenium? If the atmosphere were increased by 20%, would it be gone by decades or longer? Is it possible to increase the atmosphere by the amount that is blown off, PLUS an increase to build a stronger atmosphere? What would it take to do that in real time?

@olehombreamigo

7 ай бұрын

@@fredericelbo9211it has nothing to do with magnetic field. Mass/ gravital force is the only thing thats needed to hold the atmosphere. Magnetic field is to protect the possible life from uv and other deadly lightwaves.

@kamifuujin

7 ай бұрын

​@@fredericelbo9211we should do both, new technologies will emerge with the attempt to terraform mars, these new technologies could be used here.

The MOXIE is amazing. My favorite part is the girl who designed it went to Michigan Tech and was from a rural town in Wisconsin. It gives me hope that I can do the same when I grow up!

wow, that was information dense and totally out of my comfort zone of knowledge, but I still thoroughly enjoyed it and was explained very well, thanks for sharing

have they figured out how to make a magnetic field my limited scientific mind tells me, atmosphere is a great plus, but the main thing that has to happen is a magnetic field or the Sun’s photons could rip any progress apart in as something as simple and regular as a solar flare. but then again i only stayed in a Holiday Inn express and have now graduated any degrees in astrophysics

Doesn't matter how NASA tries to make oxygen on mars. Mars lacks enough gravity to keep a meaningful layer of atmosphere, constantly losing it to space literally, when combined with the lack of a protective magnetic field from its mostly dead core. Its atmosphere is constantly being stripped away and would be like trying to fill a bucket with a hole in it.

@RasakBlood

7 ай бұрын

Its for using in habs and suits you dummy. No one is talking about terraforming.

@chrisellis1232

7 ай бұрын

Spot on 👍🏻

@lloydphillips7714

7 ай бұрын

Just put a great big plastic bag around the planet to keep the oxygen in. Sorted.

@mikeyoung5329

7 ай бұрын

Nuke the poles bro it'll work itself out ... or wake up kathulu 👾

@3vi14n931

7 ай бұрын

I think your missing the point, these technologies are not intended to terra-form mars. They are meant to generate the required recourses for enclosed habitats from the environment that’s already available.

I think we need to thicken Mar's atmosphere somehow first.

Awesome video! 🎉😊

After 3 billion years of life I suspect almost all water on Earth has been pee of some sort at some point.

@brianhappynook3532

7 ай бұрын

Everywhere I go I think it is very likely that this spot has been pee'd on at some point in history hahaha.

Both methods appear to produce carbon monoxide. Is there a use for it? What else is needed for a habitat's atmosphere? I assume a Martian habitat would operate below one Earth atmosphere. Is it easy to isolate Mars's atmospheric nitrogen to fill a habitat volume? I would love another video of lunar regolith oxygen extraction.

@Kevin_Street

7 ай бұрын

Acquiring nitrogen would seem to be the next big step, as we need something to reduce the partial pressure of the oxygen. Besides the obvious fire hazard, breathing pure oxygen for too long is extremely bad for the human body. Since nitrogen is so non-reactive, I think isolating it from the Martian atmosphere would be more a matter of removing the CO2 and retaining what's left over, rather than some chemical process.

@joythought

7 ай бұрын

Carbon monoxide or dioxide can be used to create methane as a byproduct. COx to CH4 am I right? Spacex's starship's primary fuel is methane if I understand it correctly.

@Codysdab

7 ай бұрын

​@@joythoughtif you've water and CO2 you can make rocket fuel for the starship. Whilst this video hand waves away the water issue, extracting water will be one of the primary first steps of human colonisation of the red planet.

@Hunpecked

7 ай бұрын

@@joythought Google "Mars Direct".

At about 2:00 into the video, you said that that the oxygen is converted to CO2 until the oxygen levels are too support life. That is not what happens. The CO2 levels increases to a level that essentially poisons us to death. “The rising level of carbon dioxide is what kills people first when they're in an airtight environment, not the level of oxygen,” Dr. Dale Molé, the former director of undersea medicine and radiation health for the U.S. Navy, told The Daily Mail.

Great video, but I don't understand what the benefit of producing CO and O is. What do we do with them after that? Do the Oxygen atoms easily combine to be breathable Oxygen? What do we do with the Carbon Monoxide?

So what about plants? I’ve seen videos about photosynthesis and how they actually do it and end up making oxygen, but it’s very complicated. What exact mechanism do plants use and can we recreate that with technology or it is something that is probably only possible with biology? I know plants can’t live on mars lol in so many ways but i’m just thinking about this mechanically. Time to go relearn photosynthesis again, I guess. Good video!

@joythought

7 ай бұрын

As I understand it, while a plant is receiving light and growing it is sequestering carbon atoms and turning them into leaves and releasing oxygen. So if I think back to the movie "The Martian" where the character Mark Watney grew potatoes his potato plants would have been releasing oxygen during the daytime. There are some plants such as cactus that have another photosynthesis process that works 24 hours a day.

@totalermist

7 ай бұрын

It's important to note that while photosynthesis is a crucial process for life on Earth, it's also very inefficient compared technological solutions. The beauty of using photosynthesis, however, isn't that it's better than the solutions we came up with so far, but that it works without much need for human intervention. Plants and algae in particular are great, because they solve many problems for us: they produce oxygen, they provide food, and they recycle our waste products. It's hard to try and artificially recreate a system that can do all that plus repair itself and adapt to changes in its environment.

Elon should be reminded that Mars lost its atmosphere for a reason. You cant just start pumping O2 om the planet and expect it to stay put.

@idk-ex9ce

6 ай бұрын

Do you know that earth loses its atmosphere too? Or that the moon is moving away from earth each year?

@georges3799

6 ай бұрын

@@idk-ex9ce Yes to both. But unless earth loses its magnetic field it will retain its atmosphere of heavier gasses. I'm curious how you think the moon is involved this?

@idk-ex9ce

6 ай бұрын

@@georges3799 There are proposals that could work theoretically to give Mars a sustainable magnetosphere. One such is heating the core of Mars by using nuclear material or other methods. This proposal came from recent studies of NASA that suggests that Mars has a liquid iron core like earth too.

@georges3799

6 ай бұрын

@@idk-ex9ce That's pure sci-fi at this point. The amount of money it would take would be astronomical and frankly would be a colossal waste of resources. This kind of thing would take 100s of generations to accomplish. Just like his vacuum subway, Elon is selling vaporware again.

@patrickday4206

6 ай бұрын

We can create a less hostel atmosphere either way it's being stripped away. I've read papers that suggested ways to make an atmosphere on Mars and would take something like 150,000 years to strip away without any magnetic field so the horse can come after the cart in this

Starts with extremely not to scale cartoon of the martian atmosphere.

Fascinating stuff! Thank you!!

I thought that the problem with terraforming Mars was about the weak magnetic field that makes maintaining atmosphere a problem. In addition, is the magnetic field not important as protection from radiation? Is there a way to alter or strengthen the magnetic field?

@DoubleU159

7 ай бұрын

There is a way yes. But that way is to 1) make the planet spin faster (good luck with that) And/or 2) gather so much energy that you can remelt the core of the planet and make it molten again. (Also good luck with that) So unless you’re basically god, you’re gonna be doing a whole lot of nothing.

@onegaireece

7 ай бұрын

3) build a massive electro magnet out at Mars 1 Lagrange point. It would take a few tens of thousands of tonnes worth of copper and one or two nuclear reactors of power. Far more doable.@@DoubleU159

@eabutler6861

7 ай бұрын

@@DoubleU159 so basically no...hahaha

@DoubleU159

7 ай бұрын

@@eabutler6861 well an atomic bomb can melt a small city, so get a few million really big ones and drop them down a hole to the centre of the planet?

@eabutler6861

7 ай бұрын

@@DoubleU159 how much would that cost?.....hahaha.....we don't live in star trek my dude

So why did mars lose its atmosphere. Have they forgotten

@dv9239

7 ай бұрын

Is mars stupid?

@rowshambow

7 ай бұрын

Im pretty sure they know. But maybe you should tell them, just incase they forgot

@alastorclark3492

7 ай бұрын

​@@dv9239Being forgetful does not equate stupid broooo don't be mean to Mars like that

@Aavani.A.S

7 ай бұрын

Nope magnetic field lose caused this

@mikeyoung5329

7 ай бұрын

It lost its activity in its core and essentially its shield from radioactive waves from the sun ( magnetic feild ) the sun killed Mars

The lunar radio telescope is just a proposal. You made it sound like they’ve decided to build it.

Awesome explanation, thanks!

@DrBenMiles

7 ай бұрын

Thanks! Glad you liked it!

Mars is excellent for human's to make a second home. It's not as bad as some may think.

@michaelfried3123

7 ай бұрын

yeah, these dreamers need to be reminded of that fact. its silly to think mankind is mature enough to go to another world, create a biosphere and keep from destroying it like we do here daily on Earth.

@RasakBlood

7 ай бұрын

@@michaelfried3123 No one but you mentioned creating a biosphere. The video talks about creating oxygen for a mars mission.

@michaelfried3123

7 ай бұрын

@@RasakBlood I realize that, but I did say we'd need to take everything if we go. Didn't I? And why go if we can't stay? Can't robots continue to find stuff for us for far less risk and price? And if humans go, why not stay? Just to say we went? Seems like a waste of time and money, if we go just for bragging rights. How many roads and bridges do we build on Earth instead of just using the money for bragging rights?

@Toddhull6185

7 ай бұрын

​@@michaelfried3123There's 100 million world's for humanity just in our galaxy alone ,stop stressing

@michaelfried3123

7 ай бұрын

@@Toddhull6185 how about we figure out how to not destroy our first home before we worry about going somewhere else to destroy any more? its not much to ask.

What a charming idea to waste Earth’s natural resources to make a SMALL and absurdly hostile location a bit less lethal. Logic leaves the chat - profit enters.

@dutchthenightmonkey3457

7 ай бұрын

I love how you didn’t even watch the video before commenting. To give a tldr(or Tldw) it was a video on how to do stuff in inhospitable environment, mostly mars, that you can reuse the resources, from reusing what you brought to mars to living off of the compounds on mars. Also anyone with half a brain would understand that you can’t just carry enough “natural resources” to deplete earths supply, and if your talking about the national economy, nasa gets payed a tenth of a penny per tax dollar so no this has nothing to do with “wasting earths natural resources” and I see no profit for a lone company in doing this, governments do this to advance humans and maybe a little trying to out do other governments but it has nothing to do with profit

The first step is to regenerate an electrical field around Mars. There is no sense in creating an atmosphere unless you can protect it, to keep the sun from boiling it off. And to protect anyone living there.

Starfield has got me watching videos like this. I love video games but I equally love space and technology. All this stuff is fascinating to me.

@jamie36

7 ай бұрын

For me the other way around. I always loved watching these kinds of videos but starfield was like a dream come true.

Why isn't the waste methainbe used as rocket fuel to reestablish orbit or for the fuel used during space walks. Also there is little point terriforming Mars, it's too small to hold onto its atmosphere but If you were going to do it in the quantities meeded it would be easier to vacuum up the air from venue, process it to types of emelents needed during the trip to Mars, then pump it out. You might get a more habitable Venue in the process.

@AkkarisFox

7 ай бұрын

I think we should just build arcologies with isolated internal environments that are synthetic ecosystems

@triffid0hunter

7 ай бұрын

Because rockets need a stoichiometric mix of oxygen and fuel, and the oxygen is being used to keep the astronauts breathing. If you tried to use the spare methane as fuel, you wouldn't have enough oxygen to mix with it and you'd end up lugging around a bunch of useless methane.

@Hunpecked

7 ай бұрын

@danielfrake114 To get material from Venus to Mars you'd have to overcome Venusian gravity AND add enough velocity to move it away from the sun. It might be easier to get stuff from the asteroid belt or the moons of Jupiter and send it sunward.

What happens to the Carbon Monoxide that's produced alongside Oxygen?

@Kelnx

7 ай бұрын

Run it backwards into the muffler of a car and turn it into gasoline, obviously.

By taking the H2 from two water molecules from the subsurface glaciers on Mars and combining with the single carbon from CO2 to make methane rocket fuel, there would be two O2 molecules left to serve as oxidizer for the rocket and some could be used for hermetic living and working spaces. However, to achieve an Earthilike atmosphere for humans and indoor agriculture, a nitrogen source must be found. Mars atmosphere is ~3% nitrogen so what plans are there for harvesting it to combine with oxygen for habitable spaces?

@danrbarlow

7 ай бұрын

You compress the atmosphere like they're already doing in the test. You cool the compressed gas through a radiator, then let it expand into another chamber. The expansion will cool it enough to turn the CO2 into dry ice (this is how it is done on Earth!) and the Nitrogen will remain as a gas. You can do this in multiple stages to get colder and colder until you get liquid Helium. Most processors stop at liquid Nitrogen because it's commercially viable and many other gasses will liquify earlier. If you leave a big Dewar of liquid Nitrogen open, Oxygen will condense into it and you have to be very careful not to dump it on anything remotely flammable. It's a nice pale blue color, so at least you can tell when it has built up. The process is energy intensive, so it would be good to have the array of orbiting solar panels with microwave power beaming to the surface in place first.

This is really interesting and an excellent video Sir. We often forget though that we also need inert Nitrogen to mix the oxygen with so things don't just oxidise, degrade or catch fire? I believe the ISS is at 1 atmosphere and nitrogen is shipped there? Most other space craft are about 1/3 atmosphere. It's still amazing to me that the tragedy of Apollo 1 was caused by a pure oxygen atmosphere at just above 1 atm, something I remember from school of how reactive pure oxygen is. So to colonise permanently long term we need about 78% Nitrogen, a 4:1 ratio with Oxygen, preferably an inert gas that doesn't smell ;-). And plants, to grow food, must have CO2 and sunlight, and you need humidity. It seems vastly complicated.

End all be all, a breakdown, the most efficient way to make the air breathable is some kind of generator (similar to Moxy) that converts Mars atmosphere into what we breath on Earth, stored, then breathed inside closed environments. LTPs too?

very interesting indeed, Answers my overiding concerns re the Mars colonisation question

It still amazes me that someone actually figured this out

Fully interesting! Thank You!

There are so many ways that creating oxygen could benefit us, i just can’t stop coming up with ideas lol

can the heat produced from the moxie also be used as power/ converted to power

How would you keep the carbon monoxide from leaking out with the desired oxygen? Can you really separate them with something resembling 100% effectiveness?

Seems like bioengineering algae or something similar to survive on Mars would be a good option. Technology should be at that level within a century or so.

@FlesHBoX

7 ай бұрын

way less than a century. We are already using algae tech now. A couple of decades of dedicated research would probably be more than sufficient to get us to a "mars solution" from where we are now. We just need someone to decide to do that dedicated research.

@The1stDukeDroklar

7 ай бұрын

@@FlesHBoX I was giving a large margin since it may take serious gene editing to accomplish. Radiation is the biggest hurdle since there are plenty of nutrients, sunlight, and co2.

@FlesHBoX

7 ай бұрын

@@The1stDukeDroklarTrue, the radiation is going to end up being a big issue no doubt. Though, presumably we would be growing the algae in an environment where we can also survive, so maybe it will end up a non-issue, since we need to solve that for us anyways.

@The1stDukeDroklar

7 ай бұрын

@@FlesHBoX Ah, see I was talking about algae or something that can convert co2 to o2 while living on the surface without the need for a controlled environment.

@FlesHBoX

7 ай бұрын

@@The1stDukeDroklarOh, yeah, that would be more along the lines of terraforming Mars, which I certainly agree, we are looking at at least a century before that's out of the realm of scifi

Good video and explanation. But what about photosynthesis? Oxygen and food!

very good video i find it interesting that they can produce oxygen from the air on mars but it is a finite resource. what would need to happen is a way to grow plants and produce more carbon and then raise the temperature of mars to terraform the planet as those living on mars would eventually run out of air similar to Spaceballs.if you want cans of perriair delivered from earth that is one thing. your argument however was sustainability and it would require a small crew going in and going through and starting the terraforming process which would make it possible for other people to move to mars.

Fascinating. What options are there on the moon? I imagine either decomposing minerals or electrolysis of crater ice.

@jaymethodus3421

7 ай бұрын

Powerful magnetic fields that suck in the tiny percent of ionized gasses that escape earth + tinier percents of gas from the sun? Idk if that would be possible but I’ve seen some interstellar ship concepts that describe somehow using magnetic fields to suck in the random free floating atoms of gas that exist in deep space.

@jaymethodus3421

7 ай бұрын

Being so close to earth and having its own gravitational well should make the process of collecting free floating gas pretty easy if we could generate powerful enough magnetic fields.

@miklov

7 ай бұрын

@@jaymethodus3421 Is it really that close though compared to how far the atmosphere exists in any meaningful density? Those fields would have to also be strong enough so that the solar wind wouldn't just wash those gases away. I suspect that the gravity where gases are dense enough to be worthwhile is not that far off the surface gravity of Earth, but I have not run the numbers.

What is the composition of the air that we breathe here on earth? That needs to be clarified for the viewer in order to explain what needs to be made. NO2 @ 78% + ???

Where did you get that awesome shirt?!

I just noticed the ISS water spigot is labeled "rehydration station". Lol i reckon some engineer was having fun with that one.

I think we are still far away from anything that is viable. The biggest problems on this come down to 1) energy requirements, 2) weight and 3) cost. To solve all of these requires new and currently unknown tech. It all comes down to the development of a safe, low cost, high capacity, light weight energy source.

@Texas240

7 ай бұрын

Or, mining, processing, and production in space to remove the requirement to launch everything out of Earth's atmosphere and full gravity well.

there might be very little oxygen in the air but isn't the planet covered with oxygen? it was my understanding that the red on the red planet was iron oxide. i know the process is a giant pain but you end up with iron and oxygen which i would expect both could be used in habitats. probably something more for later stages of habitation though.

It doesn't make a difference if we can make oxygen on Mars. That is the easy part of the problem, the real problem is stopping the sun solar wind from removing the oxygen. Mars doesn't have a strong enough magnet field to deflect the solar winds to protect the air sphere. Tht doesn't mean we don't have the ability to build building to live in or use, but that isn't really the same.

As far as nuclear powered submarines go, the only real limiting factor when it comes to how long you can stay submerged is food. We had no problem making water and oxygen and scrubbing CO2 as long as there was power to run the systems. But of course we had the massive oceans of water we snuck around in to draw from and keep all of that going and sub-optimal planets like Mars do not. I really don't think it's possible to setup a long-term colony/science station on Mars without bringing a LOT of stuff, even if you can achieve self-sustainability eventually.

I don't think Mars has enough gravity to hold on to an atmosphere

So little? I'm impressed by that little guy!

Thank you, again!

I am sure that NASA would be more into make it before you get there and keep on doing it. Could you use electrostatic to keep the MOXY from coking in the same way you would use it to keep dust from building up? It may be possible to use geothermal power to generate the power you would need. You would need to drill deep but the new plasma drills could do the job rather quickly. This could be powered by a Methalox generator to power the drill long enough to dig the hole. One thing that amazes me is why NASA does not use electrostatic mesh to keep it's solar panels free of dust. Why is that I wonder? Low temperature plasma to separate the molecules sounds like a great idea. I wonder if you can also do this with sound waves?

ice is abundant on Mars as new studies have shown, the is even ice on the equator in the Valles Marinaris, an excellent colony site as well

You could theoretically break-up the CO2 molecules using extremely intense, high-frequency sound waves by way of acoustic resonance

@joythought

7 ай бұрын

Just need a Megadeth concert on Mars.

@PrincieD

7 ай бұрын

Hahaha!

Silly question can the spare gases used at the Iss/Elon Musk adventure to Mars ? could they not be recycled stored as fuel/energy and used for something like power ? recyclable energy :) from this particular machine and same concept for similar ones ?

I know how incredibly impractical it is... but.... we need to figure out ROV's that can grab asteroids high in water content and crash them into Mars. That, combined with inoculating Mars with bacteria and other life forms that can generate oxygen, is the quickest way to generate an atmosphere.

If a planet a quarter the size of Mars (such as Pluto) replaced Photoe and Demos its gravity could reawaken the magnetic field of Mars which would protect the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. Nitrogen ice and Water ice could be used to terraform the atmosphere to resemble Earth's air supply.

If you flip the thumbnail left to right, you could rename it "removing oxygen from earth" and the dates will still work

"If" we could constantly pump air around mars, would it "Stick around"? Is half the Earth's gravity enough? If so, what would make it dissipate? There was water and air there before we presume, what happened to that atmosphere?

@NotSoNormal1987

7 ай бұрын

Mars lost its magnetic field. Its core cooled off too much to act as a magnetic dynamo like the core of the earth. Without a magnetosphere, solar winds can blow off the atmosphere. If we found a way to oxygenate Mars's atmosphere, it would still be at risk from the solar wind. But there is still an atmosphere there currently. And humanity is resourceful. I'm not sure how we could make an artificial magnetosphere. And I don't know if it is even possible to warm up Mars's core. But if we could pump the right chemicals into Mars's upper atmosphere, we could attempt to use said chemicals to try and deflect the solar wind and radiation.

Can I put a plug in here for a more direct route? Mars air actually contains molecular oxygen. Sure, it's only 0.13% but once you remove the carbon dioxide (96%) the remaining gas stream is actually 3% oxygen. Carbon dioxide is relatively easy to extract - it will freeze or liquefy at modestly low temperatures/pressures. The trick is maintaining overall efficiency. In other words regaining the energy you put into the CO2 extraction. Here's one way to do this: Start with Martian air. Filter, compress. Cool the air and further compress, yielding liquid CO2 and a gas stream. Take this liquid CO2 and apply a heat source (nuclear + waste heat from the compression processes). The liquid CO2 turns into high pressure supercritical CO2. Now run a turbine to create electricity, expanding the CO2 and exhausting it back to the ambient air. Some of this electricity runs your gas processing plant. Some will power your Mars base. Here's the really nice bit. You don't need huge radiators (the bane of big nuclear power sources on Mars) since the heat is exhausted along with the working fluid (CO2). Now, you've got a manageable stream of what is mostly nitrogen, argon, oxygen and carbon monoxide. You use well understood thermodynamic processes (cooling, compression, phase change and fractional distillation) and you have nitrogen for life support (essential), argon (useful for cleaning and can be used as a buffer gas) and of course oxygen. The other nice bit is low temperatures and simple, rugged equipment. And if you're really clever you'll also capture the trace of water vapour (some tens of parts per million) sufficient to life support makeup.

Thing is, we also breath in Nitrogen. Where we get nitric oxide in our bodies

0:22

@YtubeUserr

7 ай бұрын

glad I was not the only one appalled by that.

Why I remember technology which was used for similar goals in Doom 3??? It actually looked pretty plausible.

At what point would you start using trees and plants in general to potentially create the oxygen if ever? I'm guessing it has something to do with the overall size of the colony?

@hoveringgoat8061

6 ай бұрын

Imo it's much simpler to have greenhouses provide oxygen and food rather than machines that'll break down.

@exosproudmamabear558

6 ай бұрын

Trees would be overreach. But if you find a good place to get water then you can go for incased algae. They use less space and have similar efficiency to trees.

Thanks. If you apply first principles thinking, life support systems of the future will just replicate the role of plants in a small compact space. Simplifying, we consume oxygen and glucose for energy, and just need an energy source to convert the water and CO₂ back to glucose. The only reason this is not being done is because here on earth it’s easier to grow plants for food and nobody is willing to research another way.

It is mesmerizing to think that mars is not habitable only because it is slightly less massive compared to earth. Other than that it could easily not only a second home but could be already the first home of other life forms

@malcolm_in_the_middle

7 ай бұрын

Venus is a far superior candidate for both those things.

@hoveringgoat8061

6 ай бұрын

​@@malcolm_in_the_middlemmmm the acid rain tho. And like what 500 degree temps? Idk what the plan would be for terraforming venus. Mars seems way more straight forward.

@malcolm_in_the_middle

6 ай бұрын

@@hoveringgoat8061 With Venus, you just have to convert the atmosphere - which is mostly CO2. With Mars, you have to import an atmosphere. Solving acid rain is easier than shipping millions of tonnes of oxygen across the vacuum of space. The temperature will also largely be solved once the CO2 levels are brought down. It's so hot on Venus largely due to the greenhouse effect. There are several plans to terraform Venus, the simplest of which is seeding the upper atmosphere with a particular type of algae that will convert the CO2 to oxygen over time.

My question is who will have authority to determine how and what happens on mars… will it be legal to behave however you see fit…?

Oxygen is nice and all… but what to do about the deadly solar radiation without a magnetic field…

Next time we send a robot to mars. We need to bring seeds. Trees, plants, crops

So if instead of making that hydrogen and co2 into methane, we should make it into sugar for tomorrow's coffee

(earth surface is mostly water so should a mars habitat ) give everyone 9m dimameter luxury apartments, build river-like lakes for indoor walks, seafood and o2 algae - ice as building material gives vast structures in no time (melt large amounts of ice with reflectors, water absorbs dust and radiation as heat, boiloff be greenhouse insulation and atmospheric pressure - once it rains fish can survive mars nature )

I am pretty solid on the notion that Mars will be something for our next humanoid iteration: Homo artificialis.

maybe they could send a bunch of curiosity rovers to Mars, that individually contains the different components neccesary to create the atmosphere, then they could gradually release the components, and somehow keep an eye on how it works. Afterwards plants are neccesary for photosynthesis to happen.

@comedyreliefguy5112

6 ай бұрын

Nope sadly, the gravitational field is too weak and a magnetic field is non existent.

MOXIE is pretty exciting, but for me the thought of taking the Martian atmosphere and turning the CO2 into CO is pretty disturbing. Would it be possible to extract oxygen from the regolith? It seems to me that in a fairly stable CO2 based atmosphere, oxidised minerals (well, CO2 is oxidised carbon) are likely to remain as they are, because they won't easily combine with CO2. Grinding up regolith for minerals and oxygen, surely would have multiple benefits including the opportunity to thicken up the atmosphere (cf KSR's Red / Green / Blue Mars trilogy).

What about nitrogen? You might not need to replenish it the same way you need to with oxygen but if there's say a leak of your contained atmosphere how would you replace it?

@darrenvail8726

7 ай бұрын

Use the nuclear atmosphere generator, I saw it on Total recall. Careful though, your head could explode.

@Eva9000

7 ай бұрын

Ha haaa

How do you keep the oxygen in the atmosphere without dissipating thigh the weak atmosphere? How, without thickening the anisotropic, would we keep the heat in the atmosphere in order that any octet generators could maintain or live?

Has anyone read Red Rising? Awesome series based on Mars...and other places in the distant future.

4:25 If the percentage of oxygen consumed by methanotrophs isn't too high, it might be possible to use methane-consuming bacteria to use up the methane and convert it into CO2.

Isn't methane an energy source?

Creating Oxygen is common knowledge in this day and age. The real science that needs to be studied is how to make an atmosphere that will retain that oxygen... Mars needs a magnetic field strength that it does not currently have to create an atmosphere that will retain oxygen.

If you were in a sealed barrel, the build-up of carbon dioxide would kill you before you used up half the oxygen. So, you would not die by running out of oxygen.

gotta start digging into mars lookin for fuel sources

Making oxygen: easy. Making an atmosphere on mars, with no magnetic field: like pushing a bowling ball up hill with a piece of cooked spaghetti.

@totalermist

7 ай бұрын

I honestly don't think so. While "terraforming" is not within our technological reach for centuries to come, the basic principle is actually not that hard. Keep in mind that atmospheric loss still is still measured in geological timescales (think millions of years) and there are two ways to mitigate it. The first is the most straight forward one: just keep the infrastructure required to create an atmosphere in the first place running at a reduced rate to compensate for the loss. The second option would be to create an artificial magnetic field externally - given the low rate of atmospheric loss, there'd be plenty of time to build such system. Within our lifetime, I think is the goal is likely to provide a sustainable way of creating and maintaining a breathable atmosphere within small, closed habitats. It's not feasible to rely on regular shipments from Earth, so some form of closed-loop system or in-situ production needs to exist.

Question, why don't they use Archaia bacteria to convert Co2?

Is anyone testing the low temperature plasma technique on Earth, but using Mars equivalent conditions? Years ago I saw a NASA paper criticising systems like MOXIE because of their inherent fragility (ceramics plus high temperature). I'm not sure this has ever been resolved. Note that any system also has the practical problem of dealing with real Mars air, which includes dust and building a must-never-fail self cleaning filter is not a trivial problem.

''what if we forget going to mars for now and focus on fixxing our current planet''

Im just curious why they need to extract oxygen from the very thin atmosphere while the soil is full of iron oxide and other stuff probably containing oxygen. Can't they extract oxygen from melting the iron oxide to iron and oxygen? Im sure the iron will be useful for building material anyway. Is that even possible?

@patrickday4206

6 ай бұрын

Yes probably needs both

so how can you KEEP it there when mars core and magnetic field are almost dead??

11:38 like a microwave, but for CO2 vibrational modes, instead of (liquid) H2O vibrational modes.

It is very attractive to envision human habitation on the surface of Mars, but frankly two large permanent space station repair and construction O'Neill Cylinders, one at a Lagrange point somewhere in the Earth-Moon system and another orbiting Mars (although the Mars station could arguably be better as a base on the Mars side of Phobos rather than an O'Neill Cylinder), ideally coupled with a Mars Cycler or two would be a much more reasonable first step. The Mars Cyclers make the trip to Mars and back much more energy efficient and the permanent bases outside of deep gravity wells provide for a source of repairs, spare parts, equipment, etc. for either the surface colony on Mars or for repair and upkeep of the Mars Cyclers.