good tip from my lab - wrap the hotplate in aluminium foil, 1-2 layers. if u spill, it doesnt ruin the hotplate top and is easy to clean.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

That actually seems lika a pretty good tip, I will try to remember to use is in a future video :)

@Simlatio

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry Especially fun, I mean useful when handling bromine. 😈

@davidfetter

8 ай бұрын

@@Simlatio ah, yes, bromine, famously a thing that people casually pour into things that are sitting on hot plates.

@amarissimus29

8 ай бұрын

Plus, aluminum is famously unreactive, especially when hot. Also helps give your setup that extra uber-professional look.

@Simlatio

8 ай бұрын

@@davidfetter Our Polish friend here is a known fan of Tom's content, hence the subtle reference to one of his videos titled 'Making Bromine from BCDMH (Spa Disinfectant)'.

I can tell that your Dad really loves you. It's great to have a strong support system. It's comforting and helpful, and loving!

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Yeah, without him this channel would be impossible to even start, he is really helpful :)

I used glacial acetic acid for final cleaning of some parts to be soldered under vacuum. If you leave it sitting too long it just dissolves the copper, especially at the liquid-air-solid interfaces but it's not nearly as aggressive as eg 1 M HCl in that regard. The advantage was that it didn't need a rinsing step, just blow it dry (works a little better with nitrogen or argon). The coating to be soldered was very thin (200 nm iirc) so we needed something that really wouldn't etch copper metal to any significant extent. The process worked well enough, after a bit of development, but it was a bit clumsy. Gold would've been easier to work with, but and the gold coatings wet beautifully and the soldered joints were initially sound but then fell apart after days or weeks.

Shutout to Handyman dad for repair XD Great to see a good polish chemistry channel doing stuff in such a nice professional way! Can not wait to see what else you will show in the future!

@Amateur.Chemistry 12:18 That crystal brick is easily soluble in water with the exception of that black tar or whatever those organic impurities might be. If you want, you can keep that sodium sulfate, recrystallize it, dehydrate it and use as a drying agent for organic solvents. And since you mentioned that you used some sulfuric acid in excess, there is also some sodium bisulfate aka sodium hydrogen sulfate which can substitute sulfuric acid in some reactions.

@imagorll

8 ай бұрын

Not the chemiolis shade😭 I personally think of these channels are quite interesting

Shoutout to dads fixing stuff we break!

@Hunter-is-gay-af

8 ай бұрын

I fix the stuff my dad breaks

Where I live you can buy 80% acetic acid for cheap. I read in a 19th century manual (Dick's encyclopedia of practical processes) that it should be possible to dry 80% or higher acetic acid using anhydrous sodium sulfate followed by decanting and distillation to obtain glacial acetic acid.

Fun fact, you can freeze distill vinegar and acetate salts for a fairly good purity. I have done this for copper acetate.

niesamowita jakosc na tak wzglednie maly kanal swietna robota zdecydowanie tresci warte sledzenia

Great to see your new video so soon! Your setup really reminds me of my old lab like 10 years ago, where I was still struggling financially to get the required chemicals and equipment, hope my support will help you to kick start your chem-tuber career, all the best!👍

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Thanks for your support! I really appreciate it :)

Cool vid. Idk if my vid on acetic acid from vinegar may have inspired this one but this is a pretty neat vid keep up the good content.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Thanks! I know that it might look like I made this video because yours was successful, but I actually record my videos with a large delay of about a month, and it just so happened that you posted before me. Your content is also great :)

@ChemicalDistractions

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry ahh i see. yeah no i mean even if you did it's fine i got the general procedure from Doug's lab i just sorta compiled it and added an explaination

Hey if Nilered ain't gunna be uploading then you might aswell take his place.

Amazing editing, I hope you get more views in the future.

GAA is pocket reduction material for me but not everybody can get it easily so you showed something useful!

Cool as always! 👌👌👌

You can measure the concentration of the final product with volumetric titration: react an aliquot of the glacial acetic acid with excess sodium bicarbonate and measure the volume of CO2 produced with an inverted graduated cylinder set-up.

Thank you for the video. very cool

If you mix in a little H202 with it, you can dissolve much more copper and form copper acetate, which can grow some lovely dark blue crystals. You can do that with regular vinegar too, but there's a lot of water to get rid of.

@ivanbasso3027

8 ай бұрын

Can it dissolve silver

Super! Thank you very much!

Fascinating chemistry video excellent quality chemistry video very well done sir keep up the good work 👍 also, in South Australia where I live it is perfectly legal to purchase small quantities of glacial acetic acid (purchasing containers up to but not larger than 4 litres) so it's not necessary for me to convert vinegar to glacial acetic acid if I want glacial acetic acid but still excellent quality chemistry video truly fascinating. I think that it's also worth mentioning that despite being considered a weak acid since glacial acetic acid doesn't fully dissociate in water and completely dissociating in water is what defines a strong acid glacial acetic acid is still corrosive and capable of causing severe chemical burns if in prolonged contact with large areas of skin and in addition to being corrosive glacial acetic is also moderately flammable.

Właśnie szukałem jakiegoś sensownego źródła siarkola. Ten cały "Hydraulik" świetnie się nada. Tani, mocny i bez cudowania z zaświadczeniami. EDIT: Zakupiłem i daje to radę. Mocny i w miarę czysty.

Good job

the penny is zinc with only a copper plating, you can see it started really eating away at the inner zinc where the little blue corrosion spot was.

@joeteejoetee

6 ай бұрын

True: That penny was from the 1990's is 97.5% Zinc, and Copper plated as you said above. USA coins called pennies minted prior to 1983 have a face value of "1-Cent", and are 95% Copper, but have a melt value of THREE cents. Old pennies have tripled in value!

@Amateur Chemistry I suddenly had an idea for a video that you could do that no one on KZread has ever done: you could try to do some dry distillation of nitrogenous organic matter (such as hair, horn, leather, nails, feathers, etc) to try to obtain some ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate since they are main components of smelling salts and that´s how they were made in past.

that intro music got me expecting a tone change like putin on a pair of m40's mate comparing a stinkin vintage pair of cromulent k141's, the ones your grandad got for your dad but forgot about in his garage, against some random dirtybuds found in an cashies in a nugget pile before sending then with scarlet fire

@Konspirantas

8 ай бұрын

@DankPods

I really appreciate the way you take cleaning up into account. Might there be something easier to clean than a beaker for the step where you dehydrate sodium acetate?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

I could theoretically dehydrate the sodium acetate in an oven and only have a baking tray to clean, but this might also result in a large mess

@davidfetter

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry you may be more skilled at chipping things out of beakers than I am, but I've lost beakers this way. Loss of a beaker isn't a huge problem because beakers are cheap, but there's glass bits of various sizes to deal with, and that part's not fun.

Great!

Is it possible to concentrate using a fractional distillation set-up?

I use NaOH instead of bicarbonate, that way the gas evolution isn't an issue.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

I totally forgot about using NaOH, it would have made things way easier

@EddieTheH

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry Next time! 😁

@experimental_chemistry

8 ай бұрын

​@@EddieTheH Carbonate has the advantage that the stopping of the foaming is an indication for the completion of the reaction.

@abhijithsadeesh4711

8 ай бұрын

Hey eddie, can you give me more info about your synthesis. And what concentrations did you use?

@jheadley635

8 ай бұрын

Yea, but that doesn't push the nostalgia button quite as well. Really, this is just an adult's version of your 4th-grade science fair baking soda and vinegar volcano, which is what started the life-long passion for science for some of us.

Nice video bro. Have you tried to just freeze vinegar and scooping off the water periodically?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Thanks! I don't know if this would even work, haven't seen anybody do that before

@lemmerelassal2795

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry I've done it with other mixtures, so I don't see why not with vinegar. I saw someone on reddit do it. :)

as for anhydrous sodium acetate - it's better to melt it entirely using gas burner, then pour on steel plate. It can be easily powdered after that.

Isn't this used in some aerogels too?

A gdzie kupujesz siarkowca?

Is there a way to get from Glacial Acedic Acid to Acidic Anhydride?

Time to bring out my ears on a stand and my hd600s.

Where did you get H2SO4 so cheap?

I was wondering, can you get the sulfuric acid at such high concentration at the hardware store in Poland? Here in the Netherlands you can only obtain like 10% as an individual. I thought that was the case in the whole EU, but maybe not? It would be interesting to hear from you how it is where you live.

@bromisovalum8417

4 ай бұрын

It seems to be implemented mostly in countries where terrorism is a problem, if you catch my drift. Before 2014 you could buy concentrated sulfuric acid, 65% nitric acid, 30% H2O2 (even 50% "perhydrol"), pure nitromethane, alkali nitrates and chlorates freely. Guess what happened that they decided to restrict all this draconically?

Sodium acetate was probably my first synthesis... along with hydronium and co2 i guess...

8:51 MÆTH

Amazing job well done how are you

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Thanks! I am good

I Tried It With Calcium Acetate Instead Of Sodium, I Left It A Little Longer Than What It's Supposed To, The Distillant Was Clear At First But Then It Started To Turn Yellow as The Mixture Inside Of The RBF Turned Black And Solidified, I Thought It Was Some Acetone Because I Added An Excess Of Calcium acetate And The Flask was Totally Dry After The Distillation, But Then I Saw Sort Of (White Flaskes) floating On the Top Of The Distillant (Which Is Yellow In Color And Supposed To Be Glacial Acetic Acid And Acetone Mixture), Now The Question Is What Is Those White Flakes Supposed To Be ? I Really Can't Think of Anything

How do you know that your product with the sulfate is going to be Na2SO4? What if you're stoichiometry were just 1 to 1, and then you'd have a balanced reaction with NaHSO4 as the product.

@dimaminiailo3723

8 ай бұрын

who cares

I'm not sure that bisulfate will actually convert sodium acetate will it? I guess maybe it does if the target acid is volatile since it works for nitric. The main reaction is just the first proton of sulfuric acid right?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Bisulfate would probably work for this, and when it comes to the sulfuric acid the reaction depends on the temperature, when it is lower only one proton reacts and when it is higher they both react.

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

8 ай бұрын

It works, but you should dry it in an oven first or you can end up with more water in your product, same as with nitric.

I started this video and instantly got transported to a dankpods vid lol

Dobra robota chłopie. Zrób sobie zestaw do miareczkowania.

can copper oxide be used to make copper acetate, make it anhidrous and use it to make the glacial acetic acid? The copper sulphate can later on be used to recicle the sulphuric acid.

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

8 ай бұрын

Yeah, that would work.

You can also use this to make various acetates I think.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Yeah, in the future I plan to make some copper acetate

Sir ! Great video! But you should never use any petroleum type lubricants to seal the apparatus whenever you distill any acid, as it has a tendency like you seen to contaminate you're product! Next time use the h2so4! 👍

Is it possible the reaction in the yellow plastic bowl absorbed a small amount of the dye, causing it to appear during concentration?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Maybe, but there was probably also something with the vinegar since I did this reaction with it before and it also ended up being yellow

@chemicalmaster3267

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry I would say that what most likely happened is that vinegar acetic acid tends to have some of its precursor still in it, and so on concentrating it as an acetate salt the leftover organic impurities decompose and form the yellowish brown tint you see the solution or the crystallized solid. It can be sugars from fermenting fruit juices, for example.

@EddieTheH

8 ай бұрын

@@chemicalmaster3267 Yup. I once tried to use some cheap malt vinegar without distilling it first, it just turned into a weird mess of polymerised junk (it looked like the vinegar had athletes foot!).

You can use copper hydroxide to make copper acetate. Those loose their hydration water very easily (heated to 100C but not more) and are soluble in acetone and ethanol among other things Furthermore, when reacting with sulfuric acid you make CuSO4.

Can't you use sodium hydroxide for the first step? This eliminates the foaming & math calculations (you add NaOH until pH = 7). Can you use sodium bisulfate for the second step? Sulfuric acid is hard to get in many places & hazardous to handle.

Super film

I went to my local hardware store, here in USA knew of them, the one I went to, is called "Lowes". I strongly believe this hardware store to be international. It was large enough to land an airplane in. But anyways, they sell cleaning vinegar that is 30% even in the paint aisle! Btw, glacial acetic acid gets its name from "hot ice" which is sodium acetate. Pure acetic acid tends to "ice" up if it sits around for a while.

@experimental_chemistry

8 ай бұрын

No, it's named that way because it already solidifies at temp. below 17 degrees celcius.

@alllove1754

8 ай бұрын

@@experimental_chemistry tomato tomahto

@nunyabisnass1141

8 ай бұрын

I used that for cleaning for cleaning some copper parts damaged by an electrolysis cell, and it formed really pretty copper acetate. I let that solution evaporate and the crystals it formed were also really neat. Then those will turn into copper carbonate if left out.

@alllove1754

8 ай бұрын

@@nunyabisnass1141 the benzoate and acetate salts of copper make decent blue fire too.

@nunyabisnass1141

8 ай бұрын

@@alllove1754 absolutely. If I could make my own glacial acetic acid, I'd dope it with copper acetate to see if it produces a nice greenish flame. But thats a project for more time and money.

@Amateur.Chemistry - please show Chemolis how to make interesting videos. he does the science, REALLY REALLY well, but the vids are..ahem ... less than entertaining shall we say? do him a favour and teach him how to do brilliant vids like you. Thanks from us all

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

That such nice of you to say that my videos are more interesting than his, also thank you for writing such positive comments, they are really heartwarming to read :)

What percentage of acetic acid makes an azeotrope with water?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Acetic acid actually doesn't make a water azeotrope, but it has such a close boiling point and high volatility that it is really difficult to separate it from water by distillation.

@dimaminiailo3723

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry 18 C is more than enough for a rough separation, I wonder that nobody did it on youtube yet. The very last bit of water may be removed by fractional crystallization

I used Glacial acetic in my lab days and when it is cold it crystallizes and looks very much like glaciers.

@nunyabisnass1141

8 ай бұрын

Tastes like them too.

That penny is a 1993 issue, and consists of copper-plated zinc. That's why the one spot started to corrode. Given enough time, the entire point would have dissolved, leaving behind only the plating.

Glacial Acetic acid might still be available from photographic darkroom supply stores or online

Why didn't you just use the sulfuric acid to grease the joints?

I have 70% vinegar on local stores, is there any restrictions in your country ?

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

8 ай бұрын

The highest I've seen in Canada in stores is 15%. The highest I've seen in the US recently is 30%, but in both countries you can order glacial acetic acid online.

@pingpong3311

7 ай бұрын

He is in Europe. You know those EU regulations 😂

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

7 ай бұрын

@@pingpong3311 funnily enough you can buy really concentrated acetic acid in some EU countries as "spirit of vinegar", that might be the 70% stuff OP is referring to.

Where do you live?

You should have measured the boiling point of your product (to determine its purity). Also buy a burette so that you can perform titrations.

< -- It is actually completely fine

3:24 i saw it coming... as ai am makkiing sodium acetrate rn :))

Where do you live that H2SO4 is only 4€ per liter?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Poland

@experimental_chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Strange enough that you can still buy this in Poland. Actually, conc. Sulfuric acid (also in the form of drain cleaner) is banned in the EU - both purchasing and possessing it.

@geschichtenfisch525

8 ай бұрын

@@experimental_chemistry I know, but god praise Poland for not giving a fuck.

You can just go out there and buy 96% sulfuric acid like that? My country would try to lock me up for even trying to get that. Time to move to Poland boys.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

In Poland it is still theoretically illegal but actually nobody cares, Poland is the most based country when it comes to amateur chemistry :)

@y33t23

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry W Poland. I'm currently debating if I should risk ordering some from across the border or if police are gonna get to my ass

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

8 ай бұрын

​@@y33t23are you in the Eu? You can buy sulfuric acid as drain cleaner in Australia, Canada and the US. I just bought a big bottle here in Arkansas at Wal-Mart and in Ontario Canada I got it at Canadian tire and Rona.

Anyone else hear "yellow is trash!"? When seeing that? #@ExplosionsAndFire

Are you from Poland?

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Yes

Always grease sulfuric reactions with sulfuric, very nasty things can result of using some rando organic grease with sulfuric

damn

@PotionsMaster666

8 ай бұрын

Damn indeed

دمت گرم

No, thank YOU for making glacial acetic acid

to dry an acetate salt completely it needs to be molten.

A więc jesteś z Polski :D

14:20 I think it's actually the oil, not the vinegar, that makes salad disgusting after a while

POLAND MENTIONED

Add some 25% H2O2 to it

Hydraulik ratuje życie

Glacial acetic acid is easily available as its used to develop film.

@alessandroandrenacci2372

8 ай бұрын

Not exactly for developing, but to stop film for further developing ... "stop bath". Then the film is to rinsed, and submerged in "fix bath", whose purpose is to get rid of not exposed silver-salts ...

I can easily buy 70% in store

good video but what if i just make it....

Polski pickle acid

For a new pestle.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Thank you!!! In the next video where I will need a mortar and pestle I will sure buy a new one thanks to you :)

Angery vigenar.💀

Spiced vinegar is not a pure acetic acid solution, which is why the concentrated sodium acetate solution is yellow and the bottoms in the distillation are tarry. Instead, you should use vinegar essence, which is available in every supermarket with a concentration of 25% and is also much purer. You can also get 60, 80 or 100 percent acetic acid easily and cheaply by ordering online. In contrast to concentrated sulfuric acid, which is banned for amateur chemists in the EU (including Poland), glacial acetic acid is not subject to any restrictions. You can also dry distill acetic acid from acetate using anhydrous sodium bisulfate (available as a pool pH reducer in every hardware store), although you may then have to sacrifice the flask for this, because sodium bisulfate melts often cause cracks in the glass when they solidify. To neutralize the acetic acid, I recommend washing soda instead of baking soda, it is cheaper and you only need half as much molar equivalent. Use a clean spatula to add portions; never pour chemicals (even if it is just baking soda) directly from the storage container into the reaction container. Sodium acetate can be safely evaporated and dehydrated in a saucepan on the stove as it does not attack stainless steel, is completely non-toxic and food safe. Drying can also be done in an open baking dish in the oven. The concentration of glacial acetic acid can be roughly determined by measuring the density; titration is more precise, but by no means difficult. It's time for you to get a burette, volumetric flask and measuring pipette... I recommend storing glacial acetic acid in bottles with teflon-lined lids. The fumes creep through all other closures and are not only unpleasant but also corrosive to metals. When lighting glacial acetic acid you have to help a little: a drop of it on the tip of a spatula with sodium peroxide reacts very lively... ;-) No serious coin collector cleans his coins with acid. Rather, he appreciates the patina that forms on the coins over the years. Nordic gold coins gradually acquire a reddish tinge when treated with acid, while copper coins become unnaturally piggy pink. In addition, if organic acids are used and subsequent neutralization/cleaning is inadequate, there is the possibility that an artificial green patina (verdigris) will gradually form. All nightmares for every numismatist!

Would 99% phosphoric acid work? I assume yes. Any acid that isn't a solution of water and acid should work.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Phosphoric acid would probably work, but when it is highly concentrated it is a solid that can get difficult to work with

@kathleenrobertpogue6818

8 ай бұрын

@@Amateur.Chemistry thats interesting to know. Im a bad amateur chemist with more money than knowhow. I have some 85% phosphoric acid. Had no idea it would turn to a solid if concerted more.

@experimental_chemistry

8 ай бұрын

Hot conc. phosphoric also destroys the glassware.

2:58 show the calculations 🔫

Man, if you put text on your videos, make it readable. Longer lasting and not simultaneously in different places

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

I know that it annoys some people, in the future I will try to make the text last longer, but its mainly there just as a little funny comment that is completely optional to read, the more important text like the yield always stays for long

spirytussy

the shop you recommend is ridiculous. They never state purity information, and in many cases they don't even note the packing size or weight to their product. And prices are laughably high: 30m of normal household (thin) aluminium foil for 30€! You can get the same at the discounter for less than 10€! 🤣🤣🤣

I'm not sure advertising the fact that you hate maths is advisable. Especially with simple stoichiometric balancing equations. This is first semester grade school stuff, man. Emulate the youtube chemistry giants of yore and show your work. Otherwise it's just amateur, sans the chemistry. Sorry to rip on you. Constructive crit.

@Amateur.Chemistry

8 ай бұрын

You have a good point, I don't really hate math that much but I thought that by showing otherwise it would be relatable to a lot of pepole, and demontrtate the "amateur" part of this channel separating it fron the other ones, but I see that my way of thinking could be wrong, thanks for pointing that out.

I once dropped 100ml Acetic Acid (85%) on the floor and my whole lab reeked for weeks it was terrible.

Great!