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Solids and gasses exist at either extreme end of the temperature/pressure spectrum. Liquids exist within only a small temperature range, that varies dependent on their composition. Thus: Liquid = rare Solids/gasses = common

@captain_code

6 жыл бұрын

+Jack Weaver Yep, me too :P

@NS-jj1tl

6 жыл бұрын

That doesn't quite explain why, though. All that means is that you're more likely to find a solid or gaseous state at a randomly chosen temperature based on experimental observations, although it does give a hint about what's really going on. I think the more conceptual reason is that for a liquid state to occur, one has to have a very careful balance of cohesive forces and kinetic energy. There must be strong enough cohesive forces to keep atoms closely together, but also enough kinetic energy to prevent the molecules from grouping together too closely. And as you suggest, this can only be in balance in a narrow temperature range.

I have a friend who had a spoon made of gallium, he had a mold for it and everything. He'd stir it in warm water to amaze/freak people out

@XPimKossibleX

9 жыл бұрын

how would he get it out?

@sydneysmith9152

9 жыл бұрын

the mold opened up and he could pop it out, the reseal it and pour it again!

@XPimKossibleX

9 жыл бұрын

Sydney Smith sorry i didnt get that

@sydneysmith9152

9 жыл бұрын

the mold came in two halfs (like a top half and a bottom half), and it could open up the he could take it out of the mold

@tsyko9736

9 жыл бұрын

Sydney Smith He meant how did he get it out of the water???

"Also, I should've mentioned. I am a trained professional idiot, do not do this at home." I love you Hank

MONGOL MONTAGE IN CRASH COURSE CHEMISTRY ?! My life is now complete ^_^

@silkcloud9063

8 жыл бұрын

+Amir Mittler Same

@Jawik2

8 жыл бұрын

Mongols probably even don't comply with rules of chemistry, because they're the exception.

@samantha-tw3jl

8 жыл бұрын

+WoonPlayz - Minecraft and Other Junk From Outer Space same

@ScareSans

8 жыл бұрын

+Jawik2 true! xD

@karimsaleem1983

6 жыл бұрын

where was the montage

"I'm a professional trained idiot" no, you are a scientist haha

@briannarobinson944

7 жыл бұрын

Yeah, that's what a scientist is XD jk jk

1:50 Trained professional idiot? Where do I go about applying for that job?

@timwood295

8 жыл бұрын

+Manabender college ;)

@josephfield6903

4 жыл бұрын

“Trained” by who?

3:22 Hank... Don't you know what we do with liars in Chemistry?

@rebelli65

5 жыл бұрын

Fatally Gingered we kill them

@theauburnfirefox8767

5 жыл бұрын

No we barium

@emraldswrd

4 жыл бұрын

@@theauburnfirefox8767 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo!!!

When Hank wrapped up the gallium and asked "what's warmer than the palm of my hand?" my first thought was that he was going to place it in his pants. True story.

Thanks CrashCourse for helping me pass my AP exams and making me laugh at the same time!

Thank you for giving a simple definition for viscosity, it took me almost a year to fully understand the definition in my textbook.

Anyone else notice he's wearing a CGP Grey T-shirt?

@flariothegamer6929

7 жыл бұрын

Yes.

@MeIsGurlNow

7 жыл бұрын

yup

About to start Organic Chemistry in less than a week and it's been 3-4 years since I (religiously) studied Chemistry...talk about needing a crash course. Thank you, Hank & Co, for helping me along all these years and for making a channel that is equal parts informative, visually engaging, and humorous/light-hearted enough to enjoy the whole channel.

OMG Mongol Montage! Haha best moment of Chemistry Crash Course c':

@safiyahomar

9 жыл бұрын

Daniel Newsome I thought the same because it reminded me of crash course world history with john lmaoo

If you put the video on half speed or quarter speed hank sounds stoned and it makes the first part of this video very hilarious

since there is a very low minimum for temperature for objects to be liquid, and an infinitely high maximum for them to be gasses, while there is a relatively small and quite finite range for them to be liquid, a range which rarely overlaps with others since it is so small, and that's why you wouldn't find a planet where all the elements were liquid, although you would all solid or all gas. the range is not small as some physical property, but for the same reason it is nearly impossible (or perhaps infinitesimally possible?) to land on a whole number when picking one out randomly on an infinite number line.

@colindupee

8 жыл бұрын

+michael benzur "infinitely high maximum for them to be gasses". Hey man, don't forget plasma!

@bhargavagowda8434

8 жыл бұрын

+Colin DuPée true but i think the question is kind of wrong because it depends on what location your talking about. If you're talking about the surface of the earth, then liquids are rare because of the specific temperature range (room temperature). But in the earth's core there are many liquid metals so liquids are not rare. If you're talking about the entire universe, then its because hydrogen is so predominantly common and the average temp and pressure of the universe favours it to be a plasma, especially in stars and nebulae. So i think the question is wrong because if u had a planet with a temp of 3000C then most metals would be liquid or gas and solids would be rare instead.

Procrastinating homework by watching chemistry videos...... yay!! #nerdlifebitch

@csseow28

7 жыл бұрын

Justine Woodard nope, just procrastinating

@ProfessorSyndicateFranklai

6 жыл бұрын

Procrastinating _chemistry_ homework by watching chemistry videos.....

@wisdomcongeal2110

6 жыл бұрын

Justine Woodard you're procrastinating homework I'm procrastinating my finals 😂😂😂😂

Hank, great video! I work in fluid dynamics and know full well how weird liquids are in the scheme of things. One thing that you could have maybe gone into more detail on is why there aren't intermediaries between liquid and gas. It isn't immediately obvious why water has to be one or the other, and not in between. Also, I'd like to see a video in the future on complex fluids with both solid and liquid properties. Ketchup, custard, silly putty and glass deserve some more attention. Kyle :)

You are the only reason I am going to pass undergrad chem.

To summarise. There are more solids than liquids, and more liquids than gases. higher the density of the liquid than the container higher the convexing, lesser the density of the liquid than the container higher the concaving. Gravity at a non-classic physics level.

There are only a few elements that are liquid because for a particular element to be in a liquid phase, there is a small range where the temperature and the pressure are conducive to the formation of a liquid. Also, inter molecular forces are usually strong enough to prohibit the atoms to move freely such that they can form a liquid. It should also be noted that in order to be a liquid, elements must have their orbitals arranged in such a way that any type of force between the atoms would be strong enough to hold them close to each other, but weak enough that the atoms have more movement(Because of the higher kinetic energy the atom has in relation to the solid phase of the element).

@premgill2699

8 жыл бұрын

+Akshay Manjarekar Why are there more gasses than liquids?

@retak4110

8 жыл бұрын

+Prem Gill Think of water. There's a range of about 100°C degrees it can be liquid, 273°C solid, and more than 100°C at 1 atm will make water gas.

@premgill2699

8 жыл бұрын

+neonlent sorry for being stupid but could expand your comment. how does that statement relate to earth and it's conditions which leads to liquid being rare?

@OfAbram

8 жыл бұрын

+Prem Gill So every most compounds are able to become liquids if they hit a certain range. This range is different for every compound but generally it is a very small and specific range in comparison to the range that something could be solid or gas, this being because the range in which something is a gas extends to high temperature and low pressure theoretically infinitely (even if these infinite possibilities aren't reproducible in reality the ranges are still much larger than for a liquid.) Inversely a solid has a theoretically infinite range of places where it could exist in even if these aren't reproducible. In comparison to a small range in which a substance (pretty much any substance) could be liquid is very small, thus its rarity. Earth is actually a very good temperature for liquid water but poor for liquid gold, silver, diamond etc. A warmer planet might be better for liquid gold but it would have gaseous water. So as you increase the relative temperature range you might have different liquids but not very many more as many of the things that were liquids are now gasses, same goes for decreasing the temperature an d solids.

@redstone8513

8 жыл бұрын

Partly wrong, partly right. The uneven proportions on the periodic table of states of matter is because most atoms like to bond and, hence, absorb thermal energy instead of gaining kinetic energy, the energy is used to form a bond. There are not many elements that don't like to bond.

Liquids are so much rarer because the temperatures at which they exist are very few in comparison to a solid or a gas. For example, liquid water only exists at 0 to 100 degrees Celsius. Whereas Ice is from 0 degrees all the way to absolute zero, and water vapor can exist anywhere above 100 degrees.

As I understand it, there are two basic states in which molecular can be: held by IMFs or freely moving. The liquid state lies at the border of those two basic states, where IMFs lose their hold on the molecules and begin to weaken. That borderline is thin, so it's understandable that there are relatively few liquids compared to solids and gases.

The beginning of the video was freaking hilarious

can u do crash course on physics?

@port566

9 жыл бұрын

Great idea. My physics course is definitely crashing. I can use some help.

@susanlize3290

9 жыл бұрын

That would be so great☺️

@RyanMakesStuffOccasionally

9 жыл бұрын

Raise this issue, we need it

@johndrozdz1371

9 жыл бұрын

PokeFreakRyanRyan On Patreon it's listed as something they'll do once they reach a funding checkpoint, since it's expensive to hire people to ensure it's all factually correct.

@masarahahmedhussain4593

7 жыл бұрын

Saif Khalid موجودة، دور في قوائم التشغيل

PLEASE add captions, the auto-generated ones are NOT actual captions! I love crash course but sometimes I have trouble hearing, and since these are educational videos that someone might really need (instead of a blog or a skit) I think that it would benefit a lot of people who have trouble hearing. Please consider captions, thank you

@glenn2687

8 жыл бұрын

good news, they already have captions!

@carolinetherrien3400

8 жыл бұрын

awesome! I came back and double checked, I don't know why I couldnt find them before lool

Yes, the mongols!

@toniaderinwale6742

5 жыл бұрын

We love allusion

These videos have saved me countless of times. THANK YOU

There's this concept called "sublimation" where basically solids go straight into their gaseous state (due to pressures and something else), and while I don't know much about chemistry, I think that is a contributing factor.

Hank, you videos are awesome! The only thing is that it'd be better if you slow down at times. :D Why don't you have a shot at physics? It'd be great!

I could be mistaken, but it seems that a plethora of ideal conditions must be met for a substance to achieve a liquid state. The temperature must be high, but not high enough that it evaporates. In addition, the compound must retain strong enough IMFs at a high kinetic energy so that it does not vaporize. This eliminates the ability of most ionic compounds to form liquids. It also seems that nonpolar molecules are less likely to form liquids, which is why only two pure elements, mercury and bromine, are liquid at room temperature.

These videos are amazing. Keep up the good work.

I realy enjoy the chemistry videos! I was thinking since your a musician you should do a series on music and its affect on the world after you finish chemistry. That would be cool but until then keep up the good work : )

I love this feeling when i learn something!

Do you have a video about phase changes in chemistry

this goes so much deeper than my chemistry book... i love it :)

Hello Sir, can you tell me how the physical properties of the two liquids in particular 1 blood and 2 milk ? Like their capillary properties or how these liquids behave in our digestive systems etc. Thank in advance 🙏

"I am a trained, professional idiot, do not do this at home" LOL

London Dispersion Forces? I think we (Austria, in the green parts of non-America) call them Van-der-Waals forces (probably mispelled).

@borderlandsgamer9001

10 жыл бұрын

I thought London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, and Hydrogen Bonding are collectively put into the category of Van der Waals Forces. At least that's what we're taught here in America.

@piggyland1

9 жыл бұрын

They used to be called van-der-waals forces, their name is slowly transitioning to London dispersion forces. In the UK both are used, London dispersion is becoming more common, but in exams they still prefer van-der-waals but accept both. Van-der-waals are NOT all of the intermolecular forces though!! Hope this helped :)

Love the usage of wait for it.....the Mongols. And the CGP grey shirt. 40 seconds in, this video already gets a thumbs up!

Hank, just wanna say thanks!! My science teacher actually assigned this to us as homework and I was so excited when he said it because why wouldn't I be excited to watch Crash Course for School credit!! Anyways, thanks for just being fantastic :)

8:54 I see the liquid rope coil effect!

@Silavite

8 жыл бұрын

+MsNaturePrincess It's when a liquid which is being poured piles up due to its viscosity and looks similar to a coil of rope. You can watch it in action if you are pouring honey, molasses or a similarly thick liquid.

Oh God, the Mongols are in Chemistry too! D:

THANKYOU Mr. green! this video was extraordinary.

Looking at the melting points of all elements, it seems that it is only by chance that Bromine and Mercury are in liquid state. Adjust the average temperature of our planet and we might see a change in which elements are solid or liquid.

this guy is so gooooooooooood in explaining!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

@quinngruner6549

7 жыл бұрын

agree

Hydrogen bonds are the reason why every time my friend pushes into swimming pool I get out having done a massive belly flop :/

05:13 Best part of the video was when he compared dipole-dipole forces to Holmes and Watson.

Does anybody else just absolutely LOVE that he's wearing a CGPGrey shirt?

Hank you didn't think of water when you said liquids? Good job.

@GearheadSynthesis

9 жыл бұрын

Water is a compound. He was talking about liquids in their elemental state. Good job.

@AnupapayaPoopy

9 жыл бұрын

thanks for clearing it up :)

@mulla13mulla

9 жыл бұрын

Matt Lawand Since when is milk an element

@GearheadSynthesis

9 жыл бұрын

umar mulla Milk is a compound

@RexGalilae

9 жыл бұрын

MullaThe Mech Matt Lawand More like a mixture, i guess..,,

There are more solids and gases than liquids because of the limited range of temperatures and pressures they form at. Solids can go from the melting point to Absolute 0. Gases have even more freedom, going from the evaporating point to infinity. The probability of finding a gas in the universe is highest, second highest is solids, and third is liquids. This is what you find in the universe.

@Pheonix19581

10 жыл бұрын

WEEGEE!

@PeterBarnes2

10 жыл бұрын

WEEGEE! ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY WEEGEE!

@borderlandsgamer9001

10 жыл бұрын

What about plasma im so confuuuussseeedddd

@nickwienckowski9989

10 жыл бұрын

Don't worry about plasmas. They're like a mix of gasses and liquids and they only really exist in space. They're weird and uncommon, so just ignore them.

@PeterBarnes2

10 жыл бұрын

They aren't a mix of gas and liquid, that's a super-fluid. All stars are made of plasma, stars are the about most common object in the universe.

first time so far you have lost me. now I will ignore the fact that I am watching this in abar waiting for a friend to show up and rewatch. mostly want to impress the fact that I am very pleased that you are delving so deeply into the topic to leave me in the dust so I really have to pay attention to keep up. thank you again. for you're wonderful work. subscription paid.

I agree there are certain properties in our planet such as ( pressure, temp, atmospheric content, etc) that makes certain element liquid or gas while on other planet have different forms. a quick question to all you tube viewer can we actually terraform other planets so that it has similar properties as earth?

Probably because there are more extreme temperatures in the universe, I feel like most liquids need kind of a 'Goldilocks zone' to exist. Just a guess, I'm no scientist lol

@pewnit

7 жыл бұрын

I thought of that as well...

@meadorsmusic17

7 жыл бұрын

Yeah, I agree with that. I was thinking that the temperature that Earth, and most of the other universe, isn't in the 'Goldilocks Zone' for most substances to be at liquid form. It is usually too hot, for gases, or too cold, for solids.

omg! he has a cgp grey shirt!

Awesome. Have you done any video about counting with mol etc? I could use a crash course on that lol.

forgot to mention that surface tension is so strong that it you fall off a ship without diving you'll die from broken things

WE'RE THE EXCEPTION! - The Mongols

@queensaharaice7376

8 жыл бұрын

And liquids😉

@AvGeekW159

8 жыл бұрын

Yup

Hank! I love your science videos!

You're awesome Hank.

With Gallium, never ever ever let it come into contact with anything made of Aluminium. It basically turns aluminium into an alloy about as strong as a Water Biscuit. Don't believe me? Look it up on NurdRage's Channel.

75% speed...he sounds drunk...

@neel7468

4 жыл бұрын

True

@nanidafuq

4 жыл бұрын

Try .5😂

Thank for your explanation on the liquids Crush course chemistry it was very helpful and understandable to me. I hope lots of people will fine the time to visit this site for more learning.

I thought I could finally escape Hank. I went from SciShow, to some video of a guy teaching people how to drink water from a "Life Straw" and now Chemistry with Hank. ENOUGH SCIENCE FOR ONE DAY.

You forgot the "#" In front of the number 26. xD

Juice, Milk, and Blood aren't completely unrelated. I drink all three of them.

@Oops-All-Ghosts

7 жыл бұрын

They already made that joke.

@rashmisgourmetcooking6714

6 жыл бұрын

somehow i don't get that "joke" man......I mean YUCK!

@gibboustime

4 жыл бұрын

3 drinks 3 likes 3 wots btw💀🤲🎃 sr pelo reference in emojis go sub ‘,: |)

It's been nine years and this still might be his best intro yet

Real chemistry made easy. Thanks to this young chemist.

AP Chem exam tomorrow...these are the only things saving my grade. Thank you Crash Course!!

@fergs1561

8 жыл бұрын

How's the class like? I'm currently going into 9th grade and I'm not sure whether to go for AP physics or AP chemistry my senior year.

@lindseycooke1236

8 жыл бұрын

+Noah The Cool At my school it was kind of a tough class, and a bit boring but that might just be the teacher I had. Alternatively, I've heard the AP physics class at my school is harder but also a lot more fun. So I would ask around to get to know what the teachers are like of those classes. Also, if you have the ability to change your schedule from year to year (i.e. Don't have to pick all your high school classes at the beginning) then I would stay open to the idea of changing it up. I took two science courses my freshman year because I thought that I would want to take all the science I could, but now going into my senior year I've fulfilled my science requirements so I'm taking more electives instead. Hopefully you'll get to have an intro course to chemistry and physics so I would try to wait until after those to make your decision. But in my experience, if you like logic, going from A to B to C then you might like chemistry more but if you like big ideas, then maybe physics.

@fergs1561

8 жыл бұрын

Okay I'll be able to take one physics class and beginning and advanced chemistry if i remember correctly and I'll be juggling two math classes my sophomore year because i was two percent shy of making advanced placement last year and than advanced chem and ap chem or physics while trying to take four years of French and orchestra

@fergs1561

8 жыл бұрын

I'm aiming for MIT and I'll be duel enrolling French two at Kettering or u of m flint if at all possible

@lindseycooke1236

8 жыл бұрын

+Noah The Cool you've got quite the schedule set out. At most schools I feel like AP physics is seen as the more difficult course, and if you're looking to have an impressive transcript, that may be the way to go. But that's also not one of the best ways to pick classes, trust me I've done that way too often. Also, don't overload yourself, if you try to do everything then it usually turns out that almost nothing gets done the way you want it to. Take the classes you enjoy that will challenge you a bit but don't take somethings just because you think it'll impress a college. Sorry, this got a bit ranty

Liquids are more rare because they only exist under certain, specific temperature and pressure conditions and those conditions to form a liquid are dependent on the element/molecule itself thus creating a wide possible range of variation of such necessary conditions? Maybe because most of the required conditions for most elements/molecules are very unnatural/difficult to attain?

@Tonyman2100

9 жыл бұрын

^Yes yes and to add on, Liquids are more rare because of the difficult/unnatural required conditions that are specified on Earths temperature/pressure conditions. Elsewhere in the universe, it may be super common that EVERYTHING could be a liquid if per say a planets pressure and temperatures were vastly different that our planets. Like he said about Saturns moon Titan, the moon is so cold methane runs as water and even rains and forms methane oceans. There could be a planet out there that is so hot, it could rain liquid diamond, who knows?!

I was curious myself so, oxygen freezes as -361 F (thanks wikipedia) "dry ice" is the solid form of CO2. phase diagrams show the relationship of temperature and pressure in determining whether an element is in it's solid, liquid or gaseous state.

It's because the middle ground that has liquid is more rare then tempretures for gases and solids which have a very far out limit before changing states of matter again (plasma)

@ThePandaclash

9 жыл бұрын

Sadaf Kadir ITS DE ILUMANATIZ O MA GAWD

@ThePandaclash

9 жыл бұрын

ThePandaclash Sorry about that :P I just had to.... But you are correct

liquids are rarer cause we dont live in 500 degree environments

does anyone else not understand this at all?? :(

Thank you this rearly helped me too understand

Yes! just don't annoy 1 too badly. We know what to use to kill you untraceably and make CSI's job very difficult when 'finding' the body. But we also get to set stuff on fire freeze stuff, make pretty colours and use really expensive and funky looking bits of glass! We also know how to safely distil our own drinking alcohol without getting the other kinds (methanol) involved :)

FIRST!

why didnt he think of water when he thought of liquids?

@salwabadreddine9959

9 жыл бұрын

he was naming liquid elements not compunds

@RexGalilae

9 жыл бұрын

salwa badreddine milk and juice aren't elements -_-

@salwabadreddine9959

9 жыл бұрын

yea but he named those later. At first he was talking about gallium when he put it in his mouth

@deannadurben1117

9 жыл бұрын

salwa badreddine ya

They all can depending on the temperature and pressure applied to them. At standard temperature some molecules (like CO2 for example) prefer to go straight from solid to gas.

Also, some things can't melt at standard conditions, like dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) which goes straight from solid to gas at atmospheric pressure, but you can liquefy it at extreme pressure.

I always wondered about the convex curve of a mercury meniscus... Thanks.

the tiney tots love Crash Course...Subscribed....lots of love - the tiney tots

Thank you, even so I don't understand all that he is talking about all the time, just most, I only remembered vdw from college chemistry A and was befuddled that he hadn't mentioned it and so actually had to look up vdw before posting my former comment.

Question: The molecular attractions you described don't quite sound like the way I was taught metals behave, its not a dipole but its a strong attraction. I've heard some teachers (like my physical metallurgy teacher) call it metallic bonding, but you did not mention such in the atomic bonds video. Is it atomic bonding, molecular attraction, some third option?

Totally impressive Hank..!!

Since it tends to stay about -18 to 35 'round here (hence, like, life) most stuff that's solid isn't anywhere near liquidity or gaseousness and most stuff that's gaseous isn't anywhere near liquidity or solidity. Of course, _in general_ most stuff is all messed up inside of a star, and who even knows what goes on in there, those things are nuts.

I love that a large proportion of people watching these videos already understand everything he is talking about :)

Quite a few materials decompose into other substances before reaching the liquid threshold, and thus cannot be 'melted' per say. In the case of gases, it is too expensive/complicated to capture, purify, and cool the gas to a liquid state, thus they have not been observed or documented in this liquid form. Also, the liquid temp. and pressure zone is much smaller than that of the solid/gas states. Some substances may also be too reactive to be observed in a pure, liquid state. Otherwise, they are too rare/difficult to make to be collected, purified, and converted to a liquid.

i have a test on intermolecular forces tomorrow u da bomb hank

Hank did the Mongol Montage! Yes!!

Man I love that Mongol Montage hahaha always putting a smile on my face

CGP Grey shirt! ..I wish Hank Green was my science teacher. That would be neat. :D

The best thing is that Hank is Crazy and Genius instantaneously

can you plz do a crash course on liquid helium... its an amazing topic

Thank you for explaining have a nice day

Awesome answer!

That's cool, Sydney, I wish I could do that...

I did the Ar value from memory :P the Kr and Xe comment is from knowledge about periodicity. I wonder if the ~35ºC difference between each of the is more of a reflection in the difference in atomic weight or the polarisability of those elements

You can liquify any substance by heating or cooling it enough. Liquids at room temperature that are not diluted in water or organically-produced molecules are very rare. There's bromine, mercury, galium... all of which are relatively rare elements.

I still remember the day I walked into Chemistry class and saw the liquid bubbling over a Bunsen burner. Thea teacher turned off the flame, and explained to us that all matter can change state, depending on the temperature. Soon, the liquid solidified, and I felt like I had been let in to a much more awesome world.