Fun fact, the exact same thing as you describe with sublimating water ice in your freezer also happens with CO2, which will result in it cooling down. That piece you were holding will cool down to almost 20 degrees lower than the -78.5 C number that is usually called directly from the phase diagram. I did my MSc thesis on this exact phenomenon and we published it last month. I would put the DOI link here, but KZread blocks it... The title is "Experimental and theoretical investigation of the dry ice sublimation temperature for varying far-field pressure and CO2 concentration" and avaible open acces.

@TheActionLab

6 ай бұрын

very cool! i didn't know that dry ice gets so much colder due to sublimation

@HoSza1

6 ай бұрын

​@@TheActionLabYou said the "fog" is water coming from the air. Actually that fog is already visible in the bubbles inside the water, yet no air is expected to be at that region. If I accept the fog is water vapour, I really wonder what particles are there so that water vapour can condensate on them? What causes water to evaporate so rapidly into a cold CO2 gas bubble?

@yargolocus4853

6 ай бұрын

@@HoSza1can you try to explain this more? I feel like you are misunderstanding something slightly, but about to grasp it right

@kaz_asaoka

6 ай бұрын

@@HoSza1 I think the fog is still water, but when it's submerged the fog is coming directly from the surrounding water, not the air. And I think that the water's not really evaporating, but condensing in the CO2 gas. I'm not very sure about the second part though.

@andrebartels1690

6 ай бұрын

Thank you for your valuable contribution. ❤

That air blowing sound felt relly nice thru my headphone thanks.

@contomo5710

3 ай бұрын

yeah was gonna comment on that, in the audio waveform it must be a straight line all the way..... and the fact that he kept trying to talk over it

@cryfry2

Ай бұрын

i didnt bother me, ig thats cause i usually use cc and low volime

@kowhaifan1249

Ай бұрын

@@cryfry2 k

I've liquified dry ice a number of times before. One interesting thing I noticed is that, just like water ice, the unmelted dry ice can actually keep the rest of the liquid carbon dioxide at it's melting point temperature, which prevents the pressure from increasing further (although I'd still vent it a few times just in case). However, the danger is when the dry ice drops before the liquid level. I remember reading that liquid carbon dioxide has a thermal conductivity around a quarter that of water (IIRC). So if there's only a little dry ice at the bottom of the liquid, you can't rely on it to keep the rest of the liquid cool. And the pressure is controlled by the temperature of the *surface* of the liquid, not the entire thing. So venting would be even more important at that point, to keep the pressure from rising too high. This was all my attempt to completely melt the dry ice so I could refreeze it again in the leftover dry ice I had.

There was a company that made dry ice right in my little neighborhood and I used to buy chunks and throw them in the nearby river to make big clouds but I got in trouble doing that so I started putting it in containers to blow them up..... Learned the hard way not to put a chunk in a 2 liter bottle then inside of a cooler because the lid ended up in all the neighbors yards. The cops showed up very quickly but I told them I was trying to save it for later so I kind of got away w/ it... Shortly after that the company stopped selling it to minors. 😂😂

@timohara7717

5 ай бұрын

Blud became terrorist 123 for baby

I love how much I learn from your channel. Keep up the good work!

Awesome!! I tried to tell you about this back in May of 2022 but never got a response, glad to finally see you try this out for yourself! :) 👍👍

When I was young, my grandpa bought a large amount of dry ice. He took me out to the back of our house and filled a bottle of water halfway before adding some pellets of dry ice. He threw it, and in a matter of seconds, it exploded. We continued this thrilling activity for a while until we ran out of water bottles.

@Average_NerdIII

6 ай бұрын

@RepentandbelieveinJesusChrist5 I aint reading all that

@Nonedless

6 ай бұрын

Imagine going to war with some water bottles and a sack of dry ice.

@Average_NerdIII

6 ай бұрын

@RepentandbelieveinJesusChrist5 I'm already Christian bro, just saying, your really preaching to a wall here

@gazs7237

6 ай бұрын

​@RepentandbelieveinJesusChrist5grow up

@CrimmzZT

6 ай бұрын

@RepentandbelieveinJesusChrist5 im doing 5 extra sins today because of your preaching join me brothers! (pick ones that arnt mean lmao)

Reminds me about the time I definitely didn’t make a bunch of dry ice bombs as a teen. 😅

@fluffsquirrel

6 ай бұрын

Ahh, the explosive icecream kit trick.

@Kill_peter

6 ай бұрын

Insane

@pqddachu

6 ай бұрын

Can i get recipe for a science project? (I'm kidding, don't raid my house FBI)

@agustiaraelakh3623

6 ай бұрын

Haha😅

@IsntPhoenix

6 ай бұрын

Why are they even illegal if fireworks are legal

The 1st time I saw liquid CO2 was in a plastic bottle on Grant Thompson's channel. He expected the dry ice to burst the bottle but not before seeing a puddle of liquid in-between the pellets of frozen sublimating and melting CO2.

@TheOriginalJphyper

6 ай бұрын

That channel's gone so far downhill that I forgot that it's the same channel.

@NFTI

6 ай бұрын

They tried to charge him with a crime for doing that, only to discover that the law was so stupidly written that they couldn't.

@nomdom

6 ай бұрын

Was not expecting to see you comment! Keep up the good work on your channel!

@RoshFragger

6 ай бұрын

Whoa, Nate! o/@@NFTI

@nicholas4839

6 ай бұрын

@NFTI how many crimes did they try to charge him with overall with his channel

Cool demonstration. Snow will sublimate when ground and air temps are below freezing, the shrinking snowman effect.

Another excellent visualization. Thanks!

Great video 👏thanks for doing this one!

Man what genius videos! Even with the make-up pad advert in middle, I love these videos!

This explains why the money in my wallet disapears with no explanation.

@YiuMingLai

6 ай бұрын

Put your money in pressurised chamber

@westonding8953

6 ай бұрын

Oh you might find some very interesting science soon!

@WeighedWilson

6 ай бұрын

Cold hard cash skips the liquid asset stage and becomes vaporware.

@khemdino9392

6 ай бұрын

​@stopbig-techmonopolies2026 so what happens at the triple point?

@WeighedWilson

6 ай бұрын

@@khemdino9392 inflation

Absolute great video, would love to see a video on TIR.

@The Action Lab I always wanted to see you try putting dry ice in a super long tube (>160 feet) of water to see the dry ice melt and boil at the same time. It's probably way to difficult to do though

@frogz

6 ай бұрын

someone has to try this

@jsjs6751

6 ай бұрын

I don't quite get the idea here.

@DANGJOS

6 ай бұрын

@@jsjs6751 Under enough water, the pressure will be high enough to melt the dry ice.

@jsjs6751

6 ай бұрын

@@DANGJOS Thanks for sharing. It would be interesting to see this.

Thanks for always showing the cool and fascinating things about science and the world around us. 👍

here in Alaska .. it is known that snow and ice disappear during below freezing conditions below 30 degrees F .... this sublimation is estimated to be a huge part of where the actual frozen moisture ( ice and snow) just are gone into the atmosphere..

Thought you should know,. I watch your channel regularly, and other science based channels. Well new algorithm, I'm guessing powered by a.i. , is substituting other channels for my regulars, I literally had to search you to find you, a regular channel I've watched for a long time. Love your videos ;-)

Awesome explaining ice in the freezer! Have always wondered about this

It makes perfect sense to me that it's water that creates the fog - that's exactly what happens with people's breath when it's cold out! In fact, if it's too cold, like if you're outside of a station on Antarctica, there's no steam coming from your breathe whatsoever, save for a tiny amount within the aura of your own body heat.

This is mind blowing when you start to think about it too much. That's cool man, awesome video.

That's honestly really interesting. You learn something new every day

@danielsonderegger530

6 ай бұрын

From this channel every week

The air blower is a confounding variable for your experiment. You can eliminate it by continuing to blow while the CO₂ re-freezes.

Really enjoyed this video, it was a very interesting experiment.

I once did this by putting a pellet of dry ice in a cryovial (it's like an eppendorf but with a screw cap and a seal). I put the cryovial in a 30ml sterilin (a plastic tube), in a polystyrene box, in a warm lab oven. Didn't do anything so I went back to have a look - realised that the CO2 was liquid. But the box back in and walked away to wait, a bit scared. Went back a few hours later - the cryovial seal had released, explosively, driving shards of the 30ml sterilin into the sides of the polystyrene box.

Here in Minnesota, in the winter you can watch ice on the road sublimate and just disappear.

You just have to raise the outer pressure above the vapour pressure of CO₂. Then, CO₂ will melt instead of sublimate. The vapour pressure is the maximum atmospheric pressure at which a solid directly sublimated to the gaseous form.

Fun fact: Liquid CO2 (as well as supercritical CO2) is a great solvent for organic molecules, and is what’s used to extract caffeine from coffee to turn it into decaf coffee. The CO2 is used because it is a green renewable solvent that can be recycled for many extractions, and it is easily removed from the caffeine and collected. It also is very selective and largely does not alter the other flavor compounds in the coffee

Nice video. One question: Could you edit out or make the sound of the blowing air less loud in the future? It was uncomfortable to hear the noise for so long.

@Ragie_

6 ай бұрын

🤢

@seaflurry519

6 ай бұрын

I second this. Just doing stuff like this goes a very long way for viewers with misophonia/other sound aversions

@ZoofyZoof

6 ай бұрын

@@seaflurry519 What are those?

@Canetoady

6 ай бұрын

The sound isn’t that bad It’s not like it’ll permanent damage your hearing It’s better if you just get used to it

@intriguedkomi4888

6 ай бұрын

Sound like a you problem

Hey James! I was wondering, I fi was able to send you one of the space pens, can you test it out by putting it in the vacuum chamber to test the claims?? Might make an interesting video!

now to make small plastic pellets that exactly fits a little chunk of dry ice and make them pop if i ever get dry ice here that is

I liked seeing it rapidly crystallize

That compressed air is really loud

Cool, nice to see the compression melt the ice was especially good, but I have a question. Do you mean mineral water, pure water or distilled water, or even deionized water? I ask because I thought mineral water was the stuff that went through volcanoes and mountains etc, picking up particales on the way that add to the flavour. Where I assume that if you distille it, it can be more close to pure and apparently tasteless.... I live in Scotland so my tap (faucet) water is pretty good and not filled with loads of lime but it does quite well in the water quality ?scale? I dunno, lol, for drinking sometimes being better than big brands water.

Very interesting and informative👍👍

How does this guy keep coming up with interesting and engaging topics?!

Very interesting! First time to see co2 in liquid form.

I really want to see this on a big scale

Oh what a neat pressure chamber idea!

I don't know if you read the comments, but I was wondering if you could use a vacuum machine to make clear ice cubes, by putting the water in a vacuum to release all the air bubbles before freezing?

My dad is a chemist and he told me during his PhD times it was a common prank to take a piece of flexible tubing, put a chunk of dry ice in it and make knots to the ends, sealing the dry ice. Then hide it in each others offices and have it explode at some point :D

About ice in freezer sublimating: isn't the same case as with water evaporating at temperatures below the boiling point?

Loved that the "don't try this at home" is covered up by the air gun

On the CO2 phase change chart what is the yellow stuff?

Could you use the dry ice as freon in cooling units or would it evaporate in the system?

@alandouglas2789

4 ай бұрын

Seriously? Wow

Man your channel gets to me. Sometimes I see an interesting scenario and so I click but as soon as I hear your voice I'm like, welp, guess I'll never learn about this, and I click something else. It's not too often that it happens but I still wish you didn't exist, tbh. No hard feelings or anything.

Great video! Next time, consider cutting out the audio from the compressed air hissing out, it didn’t seem to add much and was somewhat unpleasant. I would’ve been content just hearing your voice over with no audio of the air. Just a thought, great job. Keep it up!

@thesealjaw7361

6 ай бұрын

I could barely hear him through that noise

This is fascinating how dry ice works and it cool how it reacts to water, definitely a cool idea for Halloween

them sure are some mighty fine thought nuggets. food for thought. digestion of raw video, metabolization of implications.

most people do not know that there's actually a 4th phase of water, called EZ (exclusion zone) water where chilled water becomes arranged in staggered flat exclusion layers of hexagonal layers (like flat hexagonal carbon layered graphite) before turning into ice people should look up videos of EZ Water as it has unique properties!

Cool. I always wanted to see dry ice melt.

Could you test the claim that "ice doesn't sublimate if it's not surrounded by air"? To demonstrate, you could put ice cubes in the freezer in an open container and in a container topped up with mineral oil. Maybe an idea for a future video?

@deucedeuce1572

6 ай бұрын

Was confused for a minute, but I think I understand what you mean. Like if you put an ice cube in the freezer it will slowly sublimate over time, like every time the door is opened (assuming it's not frosting up over time)... but if put inside some mineral oil, the ice will never sublimate? Is that what you mean?

@lumipakkanen3510

6 ай бұрын

@@deucedeuce1572 Yes, with the minor correction that the open ice cube will sublimate even in a closed freezer because most designs have a tiny hole for pressure equalization.

@EvilTim1911

6 ай бұрын

Sounds like a good idea, don't know how else you'd isolate the ice from the air without an actual vacuum. just not sure if maybe the mineral oil has some other effect on the ice long term. It takes a while for normal ice cubes to sublimate in the freezer so they would have to be in there for a while to see a difference

@lumipakkanen3510

6 ай бұрын

@@EvilTim1911 You could put a fan in there to increase circulation.

@barneylaurance1865

6 ай бұрын

I think it wouldn't sublimate. It'd be like putting ice cubes in the freezer in an small airtight bag. The pressure in the bag much wouldn't increase much at all, as the air pressure part would be staying the same, but as soon as the ice just slightly sublimates the humidity (aka partial pressure of water) inside the bag would increase until you get equilibrium of water molecules moving both ways onto and off the ice surface and it would stay the same size.

One difference I noticed between melting dry ice and melting water ice is that because the dry ice is denser than the liquid CO2, it sinks to the bottom of the liquid rather than floating on it as water ice does.

Is it possible to buy containers that are designed to fail at specific atmosphere of pressure?

of course, you just need to look at the phase diagram of co2

Would have liked to have seen some content on the actual uses for liquid carbon dioxide.

What's colder, dry ice or liquid nitrogen?

Hey, just a random question. Can you hear anything through two cups and a string?

Could you create the high-pressure environment inside a large syringe?

You should do the triple point.

6:43 I have an ice tray in my freezer and icecubes completely disappear there after a month or so leaving only white residue (I use tap water).

Is there any solid that sublimates almost instantly after having pressure released from high pressure to about 1 atm?

@jpe1

6 ай бұрын

Metallic hydrogen would sublimate very quickly if the extreme pressure needed to keep it solid were abruptly reduced to only 1atm. (Actually, no one has yet been able to make metallic hydrogen, so this is just speculation; researchers think it will take between 4 and 5 million atmospheres of pressure, which has yet to be achieved)

Well that really limits the usefulness of a phase diagram, if they only work when the corresponding substance is not in contact with any other substance such as air?

Would would it mean for the ice to neither be surrounded by air (presumably any gas) nor a vacuum?

Hello can you make smoke less charcoal bracket please

You can pressurize the co2 while it's in your mouth and see it when you blow it out

So that’s why cans of pressurized air get cold. It’s all much more clear now. Thank you, sir. 🙌🏻

Strong magnetic fields generated with a metal wire irradiated by high power laser pulses and its effect on bow shock

Can you shine a light through two way mirror?

did you have keep the audio in for the compressed air on the tube of dry ice? i couldnt hear anything you were saying lmao

You can hold dry ice in hands but don't eat it. I got ice burn from a piece of dry ice which has been hurting for a couple of hours and took 3 days to heal completely :)

James, show us some Super-critical CO2 doing cool things like washing raw coffee beans to remove caffeine (I'm referring to the yellow area on the phase diagram).

In the end, evaporation doesn't depend on the state of the matter. Just like water doesn't need to be boiling to evaporate, ice doesn't either. A good analogy is imagine you're blowing gently on a pile of dust, or on a dandelion. Pieces of it will fly off and stay in the air because they're very light. In this case the pieces are water molecules

@barneylaurance1865

6 ай бұрын

Indeed. The difference is boiling is when the evaporation is so powerful it can happen under the surface despite the pressure, lifting the water above up, overcoming the pressure of the air pushing down on the surface.

When you open the freezer door and close it, the warm air that transfers in shrinks and causes low pressure. This may help water ice to sublimate, and also causes the door to be difficult to open for a short time too, until the pressure equalizes.

@fakestory1753

6 ай бұрын

you should check his another video about closing fridge door it is not a fully sealed container

If you can contain the pressure and raise the heat, obviously in a suitable vessel, the CO2 will go critical, and become a weird gas/liquid hybrid. It's used as a solvent in this super-critical state, as it is extremely selective and, due the high pressures, finds its way into all the molecules.

Can you put dry ice into something that makes bubbles?

what is mineral oil?

@GiusePooP

3 күн бұрын

Idk

Great crossover - everybody who watches this channel also watches the vice grip channel 😅

Editing Tip....no Hissing air sounds! cut the audio or drastically reduce the volume in air hissing clips Love your videos AL. keep it up. but please dont break my laptop speakers/headphones/cellphone...

You can actually refreeze the liquid carbon dioxide by submerging it in a bunch of dry ice! You should probably get a better pressure chamber though.

Many years ago someone i worked with made a dry ice bomb and boy was it loud.

Short answer: yes. Just increase the pressure.

7:26 "If you had ice with no air, it wouldn't sublimate unless it's in a vacuum" - How would that work? I'm pretty sure that "no air" and "vacuum" is synonyms for this purpose.

Can you try dry ice in a vacum chamber?

So regular ice sublimates when there is air around it and also in a vacuum? So it sublimates no matter what you do.

Liquid [carbon dioxyde] should be very interesting beast to research. Which gases do dissolve in it and how well? What can be done with these solutions? For example, can solution of [carbon monooxyde] in our hero actually extract iron from iron ore by creating [iron pentacarbonyl]?

New useless information(useless for me) forever stored in my brain. That’s why I love this channel

can you show the hawking radiation in universe sandbox.

FYI, an easy source for liquid CO2 is compressed air cartridges used for emergency tire pumps.

6:15 I guess that's how freeze drier works

You can continues heating a gas up and it will turn into a plasma

I see you've used a simplified version of the water phase diagram. I'd like to know why does water have so many solid states and why does it expand when turning into a solid instead of shrinking as the rules say.

@bricaaron3978

6 ай бұрын

*"...and why does it expand when turning into a solid instead of shrinking as the rules say."* First, it's not the rules, it's just our miniscule understanding of reality that dictates that. Until we understand more, we must be content with knowing that reality would be incomprehensible if water didn't behave in this manner.

@adboshop

6 ай бұрын

Why density of water decreases when it turns into ice? The same reason why folded carton box has bigger volume than unforded. Change of the internal structure.

@bricaaron3978

6 ай бұрын

@@adboshop *"Change of the internal structure."* That's not what he's asking, though. He's asking _why_ the internal structure doesn't change the same way as everything else?

Isnt that réflexions on the dry ice is just the laiden frost effect (I'm sure my spelling is way off, but there it is). Like when you wet your chicken and dip it in molten lead and removing after 0.1 second and no cooked chicken 🍗

Once again I simply ask that someone does this very difficult science thing. Two clear cubes. One inside the other. Held apart by magnets. Magnetic repulsion. So there's a cube floating inside a cube. Pretty simple. Then you remove the air between them with an air sucker. Basically I want to see a firecracker pop with no sound. Unless of course, sound can travel through magnetism? I don't see how this is a problem.-James S Hart III

What happens if you put dry ice in a syringe with a tiny outlet... would a drop of liquid CO2 present itself, if only momentarily before evaporation?

It’s crazy that co2 while cold is in exhaust gasses.

Don't do this kids but we used to put dry ice inside 2 liter bottles and sink them in our friend's pool. When they exploded, the entire ground would shake. One time it actually cracked part of the pool. His dad was not happy. CO2 can cause extremely loud noises when put in bottles. NEVER USE GLASS BOTTLES. Protect your ears, face and body if you ever do try something people told you not to try. And again, always put safety first. It is fun to play with but things can go wrong quickly. Never ever ever put it in glass containers. You can create a bomb that could kill people. If you do put it in a plastic container and it doesn't explode, don't approach it! Let it sit for awhile or shoot it with a BB gun at a safe distance. As you can tell, we did some crazy things back in the day. Once more -- these things can be insanely loud so don't stand anywhere near it when it goes off. If you have to experiment, stay safe! The pressure can get high enough to blow up containers you would think are indestructible.

i wish i have eye like that

wow so cool and love how to melt dry ice