I am a retired Biology Teacher. Believe it or not, I have watched DOZENS of KZread physics videos... just trying to understand one tiny little bit of what 'gravity' is. Dr. Don... after watching your video I GET IT NOW!!! Woohoo. Great explanation. It only took me 42 YEARS (!) of trying, to finally understand. A million thanks!!! (I hope you don't let rude viewers change your teaching style. It is OH SO EASY to criticize using this 'Comments' format. Some people watch, just looking to cause grief.)

@voges1001

2 ай бұрын

So what is it?

@ub2bn

Ай бұрын

Yes, what is Gravity, other than whatever one imagines it to be?

I am a retired physicist pushing 80 years old. Whenever I see and hear this guy I am delighted to be here!

@bing43

Жыл бұрын

​@Noelle Leger gravity is just the effect caused by energy(mass) . The smaller space energy is kept in the higher the pit hole created by mass.(Einstein theory ) ___________Light,all particles are waves . ___________imagine a straight rope 🪢. U put energy and make it go up and down quickly and a particle with hight equal to the energy you put in is created and travells in the Rope 🪢 in the speed of light 🕯️.lol

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

The ultimate mathematical unification (AND UNDERSTANDING) of physics/physical experience combines, BALANCES, AND includes opposites. The BALANCE of what is gravity WITH what is inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE requires and involves TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); AS this CLEARLY explains the fourth dimension; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what are TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience; AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. What is GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Great. INDEED, c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. “Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). A given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME. Great. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. INDEED, consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!! Notice WHAT IS the fully illuminated AND setting/WHITE MOON ON BALANCE !!! NOW, consider what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE !!! So, consider what is the orange AND setting Sun ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) what is GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE). GREAT !!!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. Carefully consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing !!!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio

@antog9770

Жыл бұрын

​​@@bing43 the satellites are the prove of the opposite: if there isn't a force, there isn't an acceleration, which means that a still body will continue to be still whenever the effect of the gravity is removed; instead the observations suggest that a still body will have a velocity different from 0 after a limited exposure to a gravitational field. The gravity can only be a force, coherently with the classical definition of force. Returning to satellites, if the gravitational force was apparent, we wouldn't observe the typical motion of the satellites around the planets, we would have circular trajectories which would be parallel and at the same time incident with the "right lines" of the near space, which doesn't make sense... The coherence is a principle of reality, the description of the gravitation must be coherent with all the rest...

@kevino.7348

Жыл бұрын

Are you pushing 80, or is 80 pulling you?

@kevino.7348

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger Uhhh, what?

So much respect for this man. The best explanations, sturdy, reliable, without long narrations or drama, but not boring either!

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. In other words, WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider what is THE EARTH/ground ON BALANCE !! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE. Now, consider, ON BALANCE, what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON !!! So, ON BALANCE, consider what is the orange (AND setting) Sun !!! ON BALANCE, it is the SAME SIZE as WHAT IS THE EYE !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. Indeed, WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. Now, notice what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE; AS what is THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. GREAT !!! So, consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) It ALL does CLEARLY make perfect sense ON BALANCE !!!! A given PLANET (including WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!!! GREAT !!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio Consider what is THE SUN. Consider what is THE EYE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. This CLEARLY explains and proves what is the fourth dimension. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

@Tiberiump

11 ай бұрын

What if a random dude, with great imagination and the ability to understand and visualize how mechanisms work knows what is gravity? What if his answer is agreed by math, observations, theory and the reality and has implications on everything, from transport to energy production and matter manipulation? I'm that guy & if I get 10k likes to my account, I will make a video explaining what gravity is in such a way that even 7 years old's will understand. ps to anybody wondering why I want followers first: I've spent too much time and energy on this question to give the answer away for free.

@mattblack6736

10 ай бұрын

@@Tiberiump You kinda sound like an a$$hole tbh

@mb-3faze

7 ай бұрын

"I'm partly right, some of the time" would make a great t-shirt slogan.

@martinstubs6203

25 күн бұрын

Talking like he does in this video, he is not a scientist.

I am extremely interested in physics but as I get deeper into the field the math and concepts start to elude me. I am grateful that there are folks like Don Lincoln that can help explain the subject!

When he overviews several theories and the result is "we just don't know" somehow it feels so satisfying. It's like he is the only person out there who really gets it, and gives it to us straight. "It's complicated" lol

@dansandstrom9109

Жыл бұрын

"Theory" comes after Experimentation validating the Cause of an Effect observed in Nature/Physical Reality.

@JamieDelour

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger As a layman watching a few of these videos , my understanding was its earth moving towards the free falling object at 9.8m/s, but how do you make sense of that when considering all the directions of a sphere?

@ChinnuWoW

Жыл бұрын

There are lots of other space youtubers who admit we don't know.

@JamieDelour

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger I'm thinking of the rocket example used in Veritasium's "gravity is not a force" video. i.e When standing on earth, we are being pushed up. To rephrase my question a little, how can the earth be accelerating in all directions at once? or I have misunderstood the theory. Thanks

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

​@Noelle Leger The ultimate mathematical unification (AND UNDERSTANDING) of physics/physical experience combines, BALANCES, AND includes opposites. The BALANCE of what is gravity WITH what is inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE requires and involves TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); AS this CLEARLY explains the fourth dimension; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what are TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience; AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. What is GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Great. INDEED, c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. “Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). A given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME. Great. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. INDEED, consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!! Notice WHAT IS the fully illuminated AND setting/WHITE MOON ON BALANCE !!! NOW, consider what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE !!! So, consider what is the orange AND setting Sun ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) what is GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE). GREAT !!!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. Carefully consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing !!!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio

I very much appreciate your sturdy attitude, not jumping to conclusions until we get actual results. A lot of science communicators, and science enthusiasts tend to forget the core principles of science somedays...

@faisafarrah9043

Жыл бұрын

Enough Don. Stop your meandering, and TELL US THE TRUTH

@JanG859

Жыл бұрын

On the other hand, when Galileo first invented science, it was to enrich the individual. So I'm right!

@helpmechangetheworld

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger that escalated quick! An option that hasn't been considered with gravitons is a geometric Interpretation, where the gravitons literally pull on anything they touch, stealing energy from what they touch, in the process. This is one possibility.

@fu3g

Жыл бұрын

nathanoakley1980 does a response video on his channel. good stuff! 📐🫡

@garypalmer997

Жыл бұрын

So true. I've seen video where one scientist will say something is "certain" but they're treating their opinion as a scientific fact alone side using actual scientific facts. Then I watch his videos and he gives you the true scientific answers and then tells us his opinion after the fact. Very refreshing.

Great explanation, as an ex science teacher I really appreciate your answer. People so often shoot from the hip without realising how little they really know!

@pikiwiki

5 ай бұрын

Very accurate claim

I appreciate his effort to be impartial and objective in his explanations.

Another outstanding video. Great presentation of why this issue is more complicated than it may seem at first.

@kx4532

Жыл бұрын

Excellent, showing us stuff we wouldn't even know to look for!

@faisafarrah9043

Жыл бұрын

​@@kx4532 I doubt physics exists.

@kx4532

Жыл бұрын

@@faisafarrah9043 wut

@kx4532

Жыл бұрын

kzread.info/dash/bejne/iG2st7OQn5fcfpM.html She types on a smartphone with its silicon field effect transistors with their gates constantly forcing the energy bands in the PN junctions to reduce to the point where electrons tunnel through the gap allowing current to flow and then the reverse of this in multiple billions on instances. All calculated out ahead from the results of labs all over the world.

@kx4532

Жыл бұрын

kzread.info/dash/bejne/mG2umJl9n8uymdY.html The horizontal axis is the distance from the gate oxide. It vertical axis on the graph is energy in Volts V or more often Electron Volts eV

Thank you Don, for the time , effort and dedication to the topic you provide us all with in these vids.

@AliensKillDevils.

Жыл бұрын

Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. In five months, all Nuclear Power Plants worldwide will be broken. Please work on clean oil gas coal mining. In five months, price of electricity, oil, gas, coal, minerals will jump again. Lots of power outages. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) will remove nuclear fuel completely. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) bless, to clean up the bad people. Please no nuclear. Global warming is because human-made nuclear explosions have resonated and destroyed the Sun since 1945. Gods (aliens who created and manage this Universe) have been repairing the Sun since 2002-07-13. Gods have been pulling Earth away from Sun since 2017-06-03. Since 2019-03-23, Gods have been taking nuclear particles away from Earth to stop nuclear wipeout and nuclear disasters. Earth will be cooler to the 1973 level. Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. Global oil and gas prices and electricity prices jack up because nuclear power plants worldwide are nearly all broken and unable to generate electricity. The Gods who created and manage this Universe (aliens) made oil, gas, coal and minerals. Please use these energies. Gods recycle the landfills, trash, plastics, waste, sewage, and the dead body of water creatures under the crust to make oil, gas, and minerals. Gods use flying saucers to compress dead trees and plants under the soil to make coals. So Gods can bring better asteroid soil and better seeds to Earth to upgrade Earth. Most asteroids are worth hundreds of millions or billions or trillions. God bless, I do oil, gas, coal and Solar resonator. Please do not use hydropower dams. They caused environmental damages and fishes extinct; also increased parasites, more angry cows, animals and humans, and more diseases; also increased landslides, risk of dam collapse and other disasters. Gods are removing the dams. Gods have arrived. Lots of aliens from other Planets and other Universes have arrived and landed on Earth. They are judging and taking away bad people for reeducation. If you want to talk to God and ask God to help, you must be vegan. Killing and eating meat, egg, honey and use animal and insects product is very bad. It is disrespectful of life. It is the worst karma in the Universe. Gods do not like it. You ask God to read Akashic records to solve your problems and your ancestors’ problems one by one. Pyramids are good. Detoxification. In my dream, my whole family pooped and pooped a lot. You can print out the pyramid photos. Think about it. Put the photos in bedroom, toilet, kitchen, work place. With clean pyramid photos, you can see better too. guestbook.lingpai.org/d/30-move-the-himalayas-to-the-pacific-ocean-to-build-et-base-island guestbook.lingpai.org/d/93-the-project-of-changing-heaven-and-earth

I only discovered Dr. Lincoln about six months ago. Still working my way through his amazing library. Please keep up the great work, sir! You are greatly appreciated!

I had that question in mind for a few months now. Thank you for that enlightening explanation.

Just made a gravity bong for science. There's definitely some mysterious force in action. Will report back after I have isolated source.

All that I can say is "May The Force Be With You Dr. Don"! 🤔🤔👍👍

@timjohnson979

Жыл бұрын

Or, may the curvature of the space you're in always be in your favor.😃

@drdon5205

Жыл бұрын

We definitely should have released this video on May 4th.

@thomasherrin6798

11 ай бұрын

That doesn't hold gravity!?!

This guy really knows how to address internet trolls. Maybe one of the best.

@voltydequa845

Жыл бұрын

«This guy really knows how to address internet trolls. Maybe one of the best.» ---- Smart and wise gentleman. But here he is addressing parrots - that trolls are yet another phenomena that no other than ban can address.

It’s wonderful how much we have yet to understand- and the way you highlighted that here helps the creative thoughts flow so that we can reach those higher levels of understanding with less road blocks caused by closing our minds to even what we can’t conceive of yet. So many things in astrophysics in particular hinge on theories, not definite fact, and it seems to me some videos I’ve watched forget to remind the watcher of that. Thank you for the thought you put into this!

Always educational and hard to turn away from. Outstanding Professor!

@faisafarrah9043

Жыл бұрын

Do should stop making people doubt physics

@marioluna2957

Жыл бұрын

Santa Lincoln rocks👍

@anthonyhargis6855

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger You hit the wrong reply button.

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

@@anthonyhargis6855 WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. In other words, WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider what is THE EARTH/ground ON BALANCE !! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE. Now, consider, ON BALANCE, what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON !!! So, ON BALANCE, consider what is the orange (AND setting) Sun !!! ON BALANCE, it is the SAME SIZE as WHAT IS THE EYE !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. Indeed, WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. Now, notice what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE; AS what is THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. GREAT !!! So, consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) It ALL does CLEARLY make perfect sense ON BALANCE !!!! A given PLANET (including WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!!! GREAT !!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio Consider what is THE SUN. Consider what is THE EYE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. This CLEARLY explains and proves what is the fourth dimension. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

@frankdimeglio8216

11 ай бұрын

​@@marioluna2957 WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. GREAT !!! WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. (WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground, AS touch AND feeling BLEND; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, THE PLANETS (including what is THE EARTH) sweep out equal areas in equal times. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! GREAT !!! ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. GREAT !!! WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. GREAT !!! It is a very great truth that the SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. INDEED, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

I love how you describe scientific debates. You are an A+ educator!!!

@AliensKillDevils.

Жыл бұрын

Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. In five months, all Nuclear Power Plants worldwide will be broken. Please work on clean oil gas coal mining. In five months, price of electricity, oil, gas, coal, minerals will jump again. Lots of power outages. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) will remove nuclear fuel completely. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) bless, to clean up the bad people. Please no nuclear. Global warming is because human-made nuclear explosions have resonated and destroyed the Sun since 1945. Gods (aliens who created and manage this Universe) have been repairing the Sun since 2002-07-13. Gods have been pulling Earth away from Sun since 2017-06-03. Since 2019-03-23, Gods have been taking nuclear particles away from Earth to stop nuclear wipeout and nuclear disasters. Earth will be cooler to the 1973 level. Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. Global oil and gas prices and electricity prices jack up because nuclear power plants worldwide are nearly all broken and unable to generate electricity. The Gods who created and manage this Universe (aliens) made oil, gas, coal and minerals. Please use these energies. Gods recycle the landfills, trash, plastics, waste, sewage, and the dead body of water creatures under the crust to make oil, gas, and minerals. Gods use flying saucers to compress dead trees and plants under the soil to make coals. So Gods can bring better asteroid soil and better seeds to Earth to upgrade Earth. Most asteroids are worth hundreds of millions or billions or trillions. God bless, I do oil, gas, coal and Solar resonator. Please do not use hydropower dams. They caused environmental damages and fishes extinct; also increased parasites, more angry cows, animals and humans, and more diseases; also increased landslides, risk of dam collapse and other disasters. Gods are removing the dams. Gods have arrived. Lots of aliens from other Planets and other Universes have arrived and landed on Earth. They are judging and taking away bad people for reeducation. If you want to talk to God and ask God to help, you must be vegan. Killing and eating meat, egg, honey and use animal and insects product is very bad. It is disrespectful of life. It is the worst karma in the Universe. Gods do not like it. You ask God to read Akashic records to solve your problems and your ancestors’ problems one by one. Pyramids are good. Detoxification. In my dream, my whole family pooped and pooped a lot. You can print out the pyramid photos. Think about it. Put the photos in bedroom, toilet, kitchen, work place. With clean pyramid photos, you can see better too. guestbook.lingpai.org/d/30-move-the-himalayas-to-the-pacific-ocean-to-build-et-base-island guestbook.lingpai.org/d/93-the-project-of-changing-heaven-and-earth

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. In other words, WHAT IS E=MC2 IS SPACE AS what is gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider what is THE EARTH/ground ON BALANCE !! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!!! Indeed, consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE. Now, consider, ON BALANCE, what is the fully illuminated (AND setting/WHITE) MOON !!! So, ON BALANCE, consider what is the orange (AND setting) Sun !!! ON BALANCE, it is the SAME SIZE as WHAT IS THE EYE !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. Indeed, WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. Now, notice what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE; AS what is THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. GREAT !!! So, consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing. (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) It ALL does CLEARLY make perfect sense ON BALANCE !!!! A given PLANET (including WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!!! GREAT !!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio Consider what is THE SUN. Consider what is THE EYE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. This CLEARLY explains and proves what is the fourth dimension. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

I am in my sophomore year of highschool and Im thinking i want to be an astrophysicist. Even for me, someone with little physics know-how, this was extremely understandable. I applaud you for your ability to explain so well in such a simple manner.

Thanks for this video. Being careful when asserting something and not beeing too sure of us is often overlooked.

The sight of those KZread comments trying to tell a literal physicist what gravity is...good lord. Edit: This wasn't supposed to blow up...

@MrNicePotato

Жыл бұрын

I can imagine these know-it-all nerds who watches a lot of popular science videos only remembering catchy lines about gravity, without actually having gone through the ins and outs of relativity. But on the other hand, I also appreciate the willingness to challenge and argue, not blindly believing someone just because he is a trusty looking scientist, as long as its healthy and constructive of course.

@AverageAlien

Жыл бұрын

Appeal to authority

@AverageAlien

Жыл бұрын

Anyone can tell anyone anything, funnily enough

@0-by-1_Publishing_LLC

Жыл бұрын

*"The sight of those KZread comments trying to tell a literal physicist what gravity is...good lord."* ... We have already entered the age where the collective input from a broad range of humans will produce more answers than the intellectually gifted individuals operating in their specialized fields. A famous artist can paint wonderful works of art in his or her particular style, but an A.I. can create new art styles by pulling imagery from every known work of art that's available. You will soon start seeing "random people" answering hard questions that have stumped the most popular and highly regarded scientists, physicists, philosophers, and mathematicians of their times.

@Narokkurai

Жыл бұрын

@@AverageAlien Appealing to authority is only a fallacy when that authority isn't relevant to the topic at hand.

I like the humbleness of the guy. Throwing your degree doesn't mean you're right. 👏👏👏

@faisafarrah9043

Жыл бұрын

Humbleness? 🤔😖 A humble person wouldn't conflate a simple physics issue by bringing in misconceptions.

@MrLcowles

Жыл бұрын

@@faisafarrah9043 BEGONE TROLL!!!

@jeffbeck8993

Жыл бұрын

Is this the garden variety right wing reaction to educated people? The sight of advance degrees hanging on this guy's wall causes insecure, less educated people to reflect on their shortcomings in life. Instead of doing something about it, they s**t on the "smart guy". Says a lot about them, and they don't even realize it.

@DrVonJay

Ай бұрын

@@faisafarrah9043 Yeah he definitely conflated quantum gravity with Einstein Field equations. I'm not saying I'm smarter than him, but the reason why people know that gravity isn't a force is because if Newton was right then an accelerometer wouldn't read out non-zero acceleration. But if you did use one it would show that the earth is accelerating and that gravity isn't a force.

This is a wonderful video. The way you express these ideas in a simple way is amazing.

Thanks so much for the clear and concise explanation.

Just today I was thinking about the subjectivity of information. For example, if I was in an audience listening to someone speaking Cantonese, to me it would be data (I’m getting audible signals, but they don’t mean much to me), but to someone else who speaks it, it would be information. That could be another example of how the conceptual framework used affects the communication requirements.

@bman1067

6 ай бұрын

Wow how intriguing! Almost sounds like a 4 dimensional concept? Could you give an example of this outside of your example of hearing sounds without understanding what the sounds mean as with your language example?

Dr. Don, Thanks for another enlightening video.😁

@AliensKillDevils.

Жыл бұрын

Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. In five months, all Nuclear Power Plants worldwide will be broken. Please work on clean oil gas coal mining. In five months, price of electricity, oil, gas, coal, minerals will jump again. Lots of power outages. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) will remove nuclear fuel completely. Aliens (Gods who created and manage this Universe and Earth) bless, to clean up the bad people. Please no nuclear. Global warming is because human-made nuclear explosions have resonated and destroyed the Sun since 1945. Gods (aliens who created and manage this Universe) have been repairing the Sun since 2002-07-13. Gods have been pulling Earth away from Sun since 2017-06-03. Since 2019-03-23, Gods have been taking nuclear particles away from Earth to stop nuclear wipeout and nuclear disasters. Earth will be cooler to the 1973 level. Gravity is caused by nuclear. If Earth has no nuclear, Earth will have nearly no gravity. Greenhouse gas will flow further away from the Earth's surface. Earth will be cooler and more comfortable to live. Global oil and gas prices and electricity prices jack up because nuclear power plants worldwide are nearly all broken and unable to generate electricity. The Gods who created and manage this Universe (aliens) made oil, gas, coal and minerals. Please use these energies. Gods recycle the landfills, trash, plastics, waste, sewage, and the dead body of water creatures under the crust to make oil, gas, and minerals. Gods use flying saucers to compress dead trees and plants under the soil to make coals. So Gods can bring better asteroid soil and better seeds to Earth to upgrade Earth. Most asteroids are worth hundreds of millions or billions or trillions. God bless, I do oil, gas, coal and Solar resonator. Please do not use hydropower dams. They caused environmental damages and fishes extinct; also increased parasites, more angry cows, animals and humans, and more diseases; also increased landslides, risk of dam collapse and other disasters. Gods are removing the dams. Gods have arrived. Lots of aliens from other Planets and other Universes have arrived and landed on Earth. They are judging and taking away bad people for reeducation. If you want to talk to God and ask God to help, you must be vegan. Killing and eating meat, egg, honey and use animal and insects product is very bad. It is disrespectful of life. It is the worst karma in the Universe. Gods do not like it. You ask God to read Akashic records to solve your problems and your ancestors’ problems one by one. Pyramids are good. Detoxification. In my dream, my whole family pooped and pooped a lot. You can print out the pyramid photos. Think about it. Put the photos in bedroom, toilet, kitchen, work place. With clean pyramid photos, you can see better too. guestbook.lingpai.org/d/30-move-the-himalayas-to-the-pacific-ocean-to-build-et-base-island guestbook.lingpai.org/d/93-the-project-of-changing-heaven-and-earth

Thank you very much for making these videos!

Another fine job, Dr. Lincoln. Thanks.

Thank you, Dr. Don! Wonderful video

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

​@Noelle Leger WHAT IS E=MC2 is CLEARLY consistent with the fourth dimension in/of/AS SPACE, AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity ON/IN BALANCE; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !! INDEED, consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE; AS c squared CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE !! Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE !!!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE), AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. I have CLEARLY proven and explained what is the fourth dimension. Magnificent. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

"This view is made possible for us by the teaching of experience as to the existence of a field of force, namely, the gravitational field, which possesses the remarkable property of imparting the same acceleration to all bodies." "Thus, according to the general theory of relativity, gravitation occupies an exceptional position with regard to other forces, ..." -- Albert Einstein, The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity, 1916

@JoeDeglman

Жыл бұрын

General relativity is a failed model, by experiment.

The "tautology" part is in reference to the fact whether gravity is a "force" depends on the definition of "force" that is being used (among other things). The definition of "force" that requires particle mediation and also presumes gravity isn't mediated by particles, doesn't really explain what gravity is because it doesn't explain what "space-time" even is, i.e., the thing that is "curved" and is thus perceived as "gravity". But, a an alternate definition of "force" that doesn't require particle mediation would include gravity as a "force". Thus, the tautology, opposite tautologies, depending on the definition of "force".

I hope that you do a deep dive into those topics. I think we'd all love to see it.

Oo yes, a deep dive into entropic gravity would be fabulous. The brutal weirdness of it makes it seem promising!

I like it when real physicists aren't so zealous as physics geeks.

@easternhills1329

Жыл бұрын

Dunning-Kruger effect doing its thing.

@Mr.Not_Sure

Жыл бұрын

@Noelle Leger Are you idiot or just pretend?

@voltydequa845

Жыл бұрын

@@easternhills1329 «Dunning-Kruger effect doing its thing.» ---- There's not such an effect. It was dismantled, soon after announced, by other researchers, as artefact (bias in premises, measure, repeatability, etc). Btw I knew that it was a bluff, before having read that they already demolished it, since the measure cannot be but subjective. Anyway, from what I remember, officially there were two problems - 1) absence of repeating 2) totally random answers gave the same results as obtained from their tests.

@betaneptune

Жыл бұрын

@noelleleger232 Einstein said not to take the geometric interpretation too literally. So he thought it was a force. Besides, how do you conserve energy if it's not a force?

@betaneptune

Жыл бұрын

@noelleleger232 I've seen the video. I'm not convinced. And why is it popular now to have rockets accelerate the elevator car? The rocket will reduce the mass of the car by hurling propellant away. Why not just use the traditional rope pulling the thing? I have also seen posts from a reliable person about how Einstein himself said not to take the geometrical view too seriously. This same person explained that you could view electromagnetism geometrically, except that you have different geometry based on different charges. With gravity, everything is affected, so you can have a single geometry describe everything. Also, how would you conserve energy that way, e.g.? And sorry, I'm not interested in any conspiracy theories about 9/11. I suppose you're next going to claim we didn't go to the moon. Or that JFK Jr. is coming back as a Republican.

Thanks for this excellent presentation!

This question was troubling me for a long time. this video helped me a lot. Thank you so much Dr.Lincoln

@DrVonJay

Ай бұрын

except that based on Newton's equations, the downward force of gravity and the upward acceleration of the earth would cause both forces to cancel out. In Einstein's field equations, gravity isn't a force and only the earth is accelerating upward, and the acceleration is 9.8 m/s^2. The thing that proves Einstein's posit that gravity isn't a force is the use of an accelerometer on earth's surface. It reads out that the earth is accelerating. But if Newton were right then the accelerometer wouldn't read out anything. It would be zero. So gravity isn't a force.

I'm not calling myself a scientist until I get a degree in a science field. For now, I am an admirer of scientists and I appreciate the knowledge all of them bring.

@nickjanke227

Жыл бұрын

🎉

I was expecting to be mildly disappointed. After several viewings, I am mildly disappointed in my expectations. Excellent explanation of difficult concepts. Thank you for giving the effort required to share such information about the nature of our reality.

@DrVonJay

Ай бұрын

I mean he got it wrong. If Newton was right then both the earth's acceleration upward and the gravitational force downward would cancel each other out at the earth's surface. But Einstein's field equations posit that gravity isn't a force, and it is the earth that is accelerating. The very thing that proves this is the use of an accelerometer on the earth's surface. It has a positive or non-zero read out of acceleration. When if Newton was right, it would be 0. So gravity isn't a force.

I love examples of gravitational lensing because they seem to support relativity in a very obvious way, but the idea that some mass could somehow "pull" on empty space still makes me wonder "how?". Great video!

I am a small time school teacher, this great GURU made me interested in life again. Thanks.

Love these videos, really gets you thinking. It’s pretty uplifting. Reminds me of when I was a kid walking out of a science class feeling like the world has changed a little because of my new knowledge. Such a cool feeling. Thank you

@idontwantahandlethough

10 ай бұрын

love that feeling; feeling like the world is somehow slightly more vast and wonderful than it was the hour before :)

Thanks for clarifying this! I've wondered about this question for some time.

@edwardofgreene

Жыл бұрын

Actually he didn't clarify it, and that was the point. He explained that we can't definitively clarify it at this time. And it might never have a clarification from all points of view even when we do understand it better. (Sort of like the long standing debate over whether light is a particle or a wave. In the end we definitively decided.... both? Depends how you look at it. It definitely has properties of both!)

@terryjwood

Жыл бұрын

@@edwardofgreene He clarified why sometimes we say gravity is a force and sometimes we don't. It all depends upon which method, Newton's or Einstein's, we're using.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

@@terryjwood but he's wrong - physics isn't about our feelings, it's about measurement. All measurements indicate and require that gravity cannot be a force.

@terryjwood

Жыл бұрын

@@kylelochlann5053 Have you told him that?

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

@@terryjwood Every single time.

Another great video by Dr. Lincoln!

3:37. Of all the videos and textbooks I've ever seen, this is the first to portray the bending of spacetime in 3 dimensions. Well done!

@hanszlh6522

11 ай бұрын

as a lay person , but bloody old - 80+ ,,, i strut on wondering vhot my fellow countryman Albert E. had in mind for WHAT would CAUSE the "Space-Thyme" distortions - Other than stating "Mass" .... .. in my book a Cause might very reasonably 'synonymizised' as a Force .... - In short : " No Force -No Cause " ( Just my simplistic but 'quite human' logic ) And as to my understanding , there ain't not all that much around ( us .. ) that we wouldn't believe to 'depend' on NO-CAUSE - other than 'our' ( and Einstein's -? ) idea of "God" , and his - or Stephen H.'s "singularity ( .. ies ) - ? So , i don't see how Mass - most bloody 'obviously' bends Space-Time evver so 'effor(ce)tly' ... ??? enlighten-me, por favor , please , bitte !!!

@DrVonJay

Ай бұрын

But spacetime curvature equation was made with the use of intrinsic curvature and not extrinsic, so the 3D diagram is wrong.

Very well done. I'd like to learn more about entropic models of gravity when you have the space-time.

So good you mentioned the Serway's physics book. After reading a few pages, it seems a very well put book.

@andrewpaulhart

Жыл бұрын

Now skip to the end and see how it ends

@frankdimeglio8216

11 ай бұрын

​@@andrewpaulhart WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. GREAT !!! WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. (WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground, AS touch AND feeling BLEND; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, THE PLANETS (including what is THE EARTH) sweep out equal areas in equal times. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! GREAT !!! ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. GREAT !!! WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. GREAT !!! It is a very great truth that the SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. INDEED, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. By Frank Martin DiMeglio

Amazing articulation. As a teacher, I find your lecture extremely lucid, and try to replicate in class. Thanks!!

Great explanation of whether or not gravity is a force. I'm confident once the physics is understood it will turn out to be very counterintuitive, which is why it has taken so long to figure out.

@everythingisalllies2141

Жыл бұрын

Its "counter intuitive because they are flat out wrong and their theories are nonsensical gibberish. Curved fabric of Spacetime" is 100% a mathematical construct, its abstract, so nothing in Physical reality is going to "follow a spacetime curvature". Gravity is a force, like magnetism. Simple as that and Einstein is full of crap. So is quantum nonsense.

Nice nuanced take! One of my grad school professors said it’s even incorrect to describe the 4 forces of nature as forces. Opting rather to describe them as “interactions”

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

He is correct. A fundamental interaction is an irreducible phenomenon that may or not produce a physical acceleration.

@ar4203

Жыл бұрын

​@@kylelochlann5053 see this is what i really dont get- the idea of a fundamental force makes sense as a force which is not reducable, but it doesnt make any sense to me to say that an "interaction" is irreducable - an interaction implies 2(or more things) which are interacting to produce an effect, like gravity or etc, & if thats the case calling it irreducable seems incoherent to me. Can anyone explain what im not getting here because this really bothers me.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

@@ar4203 Sure. Let's start with a reducible interaction, say the interaction between two surfaces sliding past each other (a.k.a. the force of kinetic friction). Is this friction force reducible to a more general interaction? Yes, friction is a function of the normal component of the contact force, f=μN. We can then ask if contact forces, the interaction between two surface more generally, is reducible to more general interactions. Yes, contact forces are dependent on the electromagnetic interaction. Here's where it becomes irreducible - we cannot express the interaction between charged particles in anything more general, or any other type of interaction. Basically that's the idea and we 4 types of interactions that cannot be explained in terms of anything else.

thank you :))))))))))))) i love your transparent explanations. subscribed immediately.

You have been a positive "force" for me in learning. Thank you!

Thank you, Sir. My point of view is: as long as Einstein isn't falsified gravity isn't a force.

@florianhofmann7553

Жыл бұрын

agreed

@DASLAKILL

Жыл бұрын

Einstein is falsified, he stole almost all of his work from Henri Poincare and gravity is the opposite of a force, its dielectric acceleration.

I would love to see a video from you on entropic gravity

@timjohnson979

Жыл бұрын

That would be great. I don't recall seeing much on that at all.

@Syncrotron9001

Жыл бұрын

Gravity = Lag. More particles? More lag, more gravity.

@quandaledingle2107

Жыл бұрын

It's way over my head, but I think Erik Verlinde did a lecture about it recently that's available on youtube. Erik Verlinde "Emergence of Gravity from Quantum Information: a Progress Report" from another comment

Thanks for clearing that up.

Fascinating explanation Thank you

Now you're going to get a bunch of comments saying it's the bending of spacetime, and not just space. Clever content farming, Don!

@drdon5205

Жыл бұрын

You know our viewership so well...

@private_citizen

Жыл бұрын

I will do you one better. Spacetime isn't real. Time isn't real. And space doesn't bend, move, or warp.

Another excellent video. I have always wondered about the apparent non-symmetry between Newton's force framework and that of general relativity. it appears as if there are lots of people, (way smarter than me), who are also wondering the same thing.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

Newton's laws of motion don't distinguish between forces that exist (cause a physical acceleration) and those forces that do not exist (fictional forces inserted for accelerated observers). The use of newton's laws and accelerometers verifies that the gravity is not a physical force.

@thomasherrin6798

11 ай бұрын

Newton is more correct than Einstein, the German put two "E's" before "I's" in his name with no "C's" present, Blimey Charlie, what further proof do you need!?!

Thanks for the walk thru.

Physics is soooooo delightful!! Thanks for the explanation. There is always a lot more to learn.

I want to hear more about entropic gravity. I don't think I have ever heard that brought up before, or at least don't remember any videos about it.

@grayaj23

Жыл бұрын

It's way over my head, but I think Erik Verlinde did a lecture about it recently that's available on youtube. Erik Verlinde "Emergence of Gravity from Quantum Information: a Progress Report"

@quandaledingle2107

Жыл бұрын

@@grayaj23 thx

@lasagnahog7695

Жыл бұрын

Samesies. It's cool to see I wasn't the only one who had their ears perked up by that.

@abelincoln8885

Жыл бұрын

Why? Gravity is simply a Function ... as is space, time, Laws of Nature, matter & energy. All Systems are Functions ... with purpose, form, properties, processes & design ... which are INFORMATION that every function possesses to exist & to function. And information ... is an abstract construct .. that can only come from the Mind of an Intelligence. There is zero evidence that nature & natural processes can make & operate the simplest physical function .... 13.7 or 4 billion years ago .... or today. We know for a fact that Nature ... can not make & operate the simplest physical Function made by Man (Intelligence) ... like a lever, wedge, spring, nut & bolt, hammer & nail, ... cup, plate, knife & fork. A quantum particle, field & force ... are the currently known ... simplest Functions in the Universe ... with purpose, form, processes, properties & design. The Universe is the only known ISOLATED Thermodynamic System(function). All thermodynamic Systems .... originate from the surrounding System ... which must provide the space, time, Laws, matter, energy and INTELLIGENCE ... to exist & to function. And the Surrounding System ... of the Universe with time & NATURAL laws ... must be UNNATURAL, timeless & infinite ... otherwise it will be a Natural System(function) that originates from a surrounding System with an Intelligence that made it. You want to learn more about entropic gravity ... to be in awe of God's brilliant Creation right? lol.

I think it definitely must be a force because space can’t distort itself. Distorting space(or anything) requires work. The gravitational effect is not the force itself but it is indirectly caused by it.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

Yes, spacetime distorts itself, a non-linear aspect of the theory. In quantum parlance, the gravitational field couples to itself.

@thomasherrin6798

11 ай бұрын

Newton is majorly right and Einstein and his Professor have taken us up a bit of a cul-de-sac, there is universal time, there is also specific object time!?!

@beders

10 ай бұрын

​@@thomasherrin6798 Einstein's predictions have been verified over and over and over again. Your GPS wouldn't work if Einstein was wrong. Note that Dr. Lincoln said: Einstein's theory is incomplete. That doesn't mean you can't make real-world calculations

What a beautiful field of study. I'd love to study Physics and work in a place like you do, but that's impossible for me. In my country there's little to no investment in science so there's barely work for a Physicist rather than teaching and also, I'm too old for that... Thank you for letting me, at least, get a grasp of this wonderful knowledge. Your channel is, by far, the best in KZread and I've seen thousands of science videos in the last 10 years.

Props for the evanescent tonality at the finish. Ahem, also the deep dive with a deferential approach. That's super deft.

Hi Don. As I understand it there are a few theoretical scientist working on thoughts about the link between entanglement and gravity. I think it will eventually lead to testable predictions. Have you got some thoughts in that direction?

@ExecutiveChefLance

Жыл бұрын

Its not Testable. So a Wolfgang Pauli "Not Even Wrong" theory. The idea is that the Entanglement of Particles at beginning of the Universe has collected among Black Holes and this has some effect. Look up Leonard Susskind 2022 Oppenheimer Lecture on "Quantum Gravity". IMO this is the BEST theory out there. And Susskind straight up says his Math on Quantum Decoherence, the Momentum of Information spread within the Quantum Hologram equals Marco Gravity. Reality is a Hologram created by Quantum Particles and Waves that we cannot see or cohere. Therefore similar to a Technological Hologram the Quantum World creates the Reality we perceive similar to that. This happens because we cannot perceive the True Nature of Quantum Waves and what we call Wave Function Collapse occurs. When this occurs something starts it. Imagine poking a Hologram the Information of your Poke spreads throughout the Hologram. This is what happens in Reality. That information spread of Macro Things interacting with Quantum World. The momentum of that Interaction equals the Math of Newtonian Gravity. He has another lecture I have not watched yet. Funny enough its called Debunking Quantum Gravity. Which is interesting because its all the stuff I just said here. Guess he doesn't consider that "Quantum" but simply what Gravity is? I need to watch it for real. He even says it will be testable in Low Energy Labs soon. Guy is Next Level. We are Giants swatting a Dense Clot of Quantum Gnats swarming around us. With every Movement and Action rippling through these Swarms. You follow this Logic a Black Hole is simply when Energy gets to a Point when Waves cannot Exist any longer. So No Reality can Cohere.

@orthoplex64

Жыл бұрын

@/O/ Isn't everything constantly getting entangled with its immediate surroundings? There's no special thing required to make it happen.

@abelincoln8885

Жыл бұрын

Newtonian physics is .... Universal Functions This means everything is a Function ... with purpose, form, properties, processes & design ... and can only be made by an intelligence. Universal Functions ... is the hypothesis for Sir Issac Newton's Watchmaker Analogy (Observation) over 300 years ago ... and ... an Machine Analogy used by Theists to explain "Intelligent Design." And the Function, Intelligence, Mind Categories ... as well as the origin of any THERMODYNAMIC System .... proves the Universe & Life ... are Functions, composed entirely of Functions and were made by an UNNATURAL Intelligence in a UNNATURAL surrounding System that is timeless & infinite. Quantum particles, fields & forces ... atoms, elements, compounds, molecules, ... chemical & nuclear reactions ... space, time, Laws of Nature, matter & energy ... are all Functions .... with purpose, form, properties, processes & design. There is ZERO evidence ... that nature natural processes can make the simplest physical function .... 13.7 or 4 billion years ago ... or ... today. We know for a fact ... that nature & natural processes ... can never make & operate the simplest physical function made by Man ( Intelligence) ... like the lever, wedge, spring, nut, bolt, nail, hammer, axe, shovel, wheel, .... cup, plate, knife & fork. Newtonian physics ... is Universal Functions. Science is a method (function) ... created by Man( function) ... to explain natural Phenomena(functions) ... rely completely of fixed Laws of nature, space, time, matter & energy which are all Functions. What the hell up and stop believing the fairy tales from religious zealots with PhDs about their Almighty Mother Nature & the Holy Natural Processes. A religion ... is simply a man made BELIEF system .... in someone or something ... responsible for the Universe, Life & existence/reality. Theists ... have a firm belief in someone (the gods of UNNATURAL intelligence). Atheists ... have a firm belief in something (Natural processes). And again ... Science is simply a method to EXPLAIN natural processes ( functions) based on fixed Laws of Nature(functions). Gravity .. if s function ... composed entirely of interacting functions ... that include at least mass, velocity & radius ... at the Cosmic or Macro level as Newton only 17th Century knowledge of the space, time, Laws of Nature, matter & energy of the Universe. And Newton did not realize everything, including Life, is a function composed entirely of INTERACTION functions.

@vast634

Жыл бұрын

At very small distances, gravity might not act as "directed" (attraction vector) as we know it, and might act more randomly. That would be prediction.

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

​@/O/ The ultimate mathematical unification (AND UNDERSTANDING) of physics/physical experience combines, BALANCES, AND includes opposites. The BALANCE of what is gravity WITH what is inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE requires and involves TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); AS this CLEARLY explains the fourth dimension; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what are TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, INSTANTaneity is fundamental to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience; AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. What is GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Great. INDEED, c squared CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. “Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). A given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) sweeps out equal area in equal TIME. Great. What is E=MC is taken directly from F=ma. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE. INDEED, consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE !!! Notice WHAT IS the fully illuminated AND setting/WHITE MOON ON BALANCE !!! NOW, consider what is the TRANSLUCENT AND BLUE sky ON BALANCE !!! So, consider what is the orange AND setting Sun ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE), AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) what is GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, AS the extension of what is SPACE is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE). GREAT !!!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. Carefully consider, ON BALANCE, why and how it is that there is something instead of nothing !!!! By Frank Martin DiMeglio

That deep dive into gravity (pun intended, Doc?) sounds like jumping into a rabbit hole that leads into a labyrinth wrapped in an iceberg. Looking foreward to it...

I've seen another video trying to explain why gravity is not a force, and I could not understand it enough to remember. I understood Your explanation instantly. Thank You sir.

@DrVonJay

Ай бұрын

I don't see how he made it any clearer lol

This is a great & clean explanation. Thanks from France

Gravity is a force in GR... It forces you to learn math! 😁

I love the idea of armchair scientists thinking that they can correct you on what gravity is

@infinitemonkey917

Жыл бұрын

YT is full of armchair scientists and philosophers with their gotcha comments.

@faisafarrah9043

Жыл бұрын

​@@infinitemonkey917 I really doubt Don's sanity. He's worked at Fermilab too long , and has become jaded. This is why his enjoys tormenting viewers with tortious and contentious twaddle.

@infinitemonkey917

Жыл бұрын

@@faisafarrah9043 That seemed like a sensible and reasoned response to me.

@greedowins2917

Жыл бұрын

Haha, right? I'll freely comment about what I know, and generally I know a lot about physics, but not compared to actual Physicists, and certainly not those of Don's elite caliber.

@jimskea224

Жыл бұрын

There are other physicists who follow this channel who would state gravity is not a force. After all, general relativity is the most accurate model we currently have of gravity.

I'm glad you discussed this.

It’s complicated but your answer is clear and concise. With it I feel like I don’t need to answer the question “Is gravity a force?”. But rather use our knowledge of gravity to explain the processes. I am a docent at DMNS.

Hi Don. I get it that gravity is the curvature of Spacetime according to General Relativity. But then wouldn't gravitons and general relativity be incompatible? Do we have to pick one or the other?

@narfwhals7843

Жыл бұрын

We are pretty certain that general Relativity is incomplete. So if we get a complete description with gravitons we should pick that. General Relativity will then be a classical, low energy approximation and compatible in that limit. Like Newtonian gravity is compatible with general Relativity in the limit of low velocities and large distances.

@drdon5205

Жыл бұрын

I would agree with Narf, mostly. Quantum gravity is not an established fact. What is established is that general relativity fails in the world of the super small. Quantum gravity is one possible explanation - a likely one, but not the only one. In quantum gravity, gravity becomes quantized, which means there is a particle transmitting gravity. We call this a graviton. Under this scenario, gravitons are "more right" than general relativity. And the two theories are inconsistent, inasmuch as general relativity assumes that space is smooth, continuous, everywhere differentiable, and all of those math things. Some theories of quantum gravity assume that space is quantized. So those two ideas don't hang together. On the other hand, some quantum gravity theories allow for smooth space and only quantized gravity. Then there's the possibility that quantum gravity is silly. After all, just because the other forces are quantized, doesn't necessarily mean that gravity is. Thus, it would be better to say "small gravity" or something like that. In any event, the bottom line is that there is an incompatibility between GR and quantum gravity ideas that have been kicked around. However, in the spirit of the video, we should embrace our ignorance and simply say "I dunno."

@JaimeCharaf

Жыл бұрын

@@drdon5205 Thank you! That's where I started all those years ago. "I dunno"

@vatsdimri3675

Жыл бұрын

Or just like the photons are vibrations in electromagnetic field, gravitons can be vibrations in spacetime. I think gravitons can be made compatible with the geometric ideas of spacetime.

@PADARM

Жыл бұрын

Or maybe Gravity is an emergent phenomenon like Fluid Dynamics and we will never have a Unified Theory because there is no such thing.

By now the answer is we dont know

Thanks man, this is just amazing, you did it, you explained it on a very understandable way.👍🙂

Thank you for the video. There is a hypothesis - a single picture of the universe: When moving and fluctuating in a vacuum, the electromagnetic field in the nodes - Forms quanta of gravity - Which carry the speed of light. Suppose - Can be detected using a mobile, new hybrid - the experience of Michelson Morley, if it is in motion relative to the DGP - the dominant gravitational field, for example in 🚆, as in Einstein's mental experience.

Is science absolute ? I thought so, like so many people. With Dr Don s enlightenment, science is the ever perfecting process to get to the true picture of the fact. Before then, scientific observation maybe the observation in the theory of the beholder. Thanks Dr Don and keep up the good work.

Excellent presentation, 🙏 thank u

I like these videos. I feel like I learned something. Thank you very much.

You're right Dr. Lincoln! "It's a force in geometry caused by buzzing of quantum particles". I would personally go for Strings and Gravitons, as Entropy seems to exotic to me. All best!

Brilliant. Thank you.

Yes, kindly make another video (or series) of all gravity theories please?

The best channel on physics

From Shakespeare's "What's in a name? That which we call a rose/ By any other name would smell as sweet", to Lincoln's "What's in a concept? That which we call gravity / By any other name would attract as well". Then from Duck Test "If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck.", to common sense's "If it looks like a forces, attracts like a force, weights like a force, then we can't but see it as a force". I like these videos. Please continue to teach that it (all) depends on the relative model / concept. Then hopefully applying the principle of simplest choice. I read, few minutes ago, "In curved space time you have to accelerate just to remain stationary" explanation of relativistic gravity explanation. So it is about changing the meaning of "acceleration". But this way one can generate point-of-view models at free will, and their acceptance will depend upon the administration of conformism. So we are about self-referential models / concepts that to satisfy their logic change, at free will, the meanings of the words / sub-concepts. Dear Lincoln, yes "Physics is all!", but only under the condition it is free. The smell that I feel is that it was hijacked long ago, and that partial liberation is underway nowadays. So "Physics is all when freedom is all!". Based on shared premises (especially meanings), and free of rhetorical decoration.

I just find it interesting that with all the brains we have here on earth, no one has an undisputed definition of what gravity is. Thanks for the video.

@thomasherrin6798

11 ай бұрын

Of all the brains on Earth to date only three people mentioned in this video have majorly contributed to our understanding of it, in the 1700's and 1900's and, dare I add, without computers or AI!?!

@S.L.S-407

10 ай бұрын

@@thomasherrin6798 - That's the problem. They have "contributed" to our understanding but no one can actually nail it down. I find that amazing.

This was such an amazing video!

Great video as always.

I love your work!

I love that line near the end, "You'll probably be only partly right and then only some of the time",

Thank You Professor .

I always enjoy your explanations. Thank you once again. By chance, this one come up when I myself (just an enthusiastic amateur) have been wondering about this very matter for a while. But, by what means at all does mass bend space-time? If by Einstein gravity is not a force, what's the point of searching for the great unification, and why he himself struggled the rest of his life trying to find it? Maybe, we won't know, but that's what drives science, isn't it? Best regrads!

@kevinmcfarlane2752

Жыл бұрын

The way I look at it is as follows. Electromagnetism is a force caused by or mediated by the exchange of photons. (Analogously for strong and weak nuclear.) Gravity is a force caused by the curvature off spacetime or is manifested as the curvature of spacetime.

A very nuanced response, and commendably respectful to commenters who were not so careful about how they made their points. It's quite right that the crux of the issue is what exactly we mean by "force", and I think the dictionary definitions are not a bad place to look. A force is whatever causes motion or change, or would do if not opposed by a matching force. From the point of view of various observers, SOMETHING appears to be causing the falling apple to move, and we may not yet fully understand exactly what, but whatever it is is simply the way the force *works*. Whether it's action at a distance, curvature of space-time, quantum vibrations, etc, those are attempts to understand HOW the force is manifest, but if the result looks like a force and quacks like a force then there's no reason not to call it a force and get on with spending our time trying to figure out how that force happens rather than quibbling about the terminology.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

You can attach an accelerometer to the apple and measure directly that it's not accelerating.

@mooncowtube

Жыл бұрын

@@kylelochlann5053 The problem is, gauges can only measure by looking at the associated effects. If something causes an apple to start moving, it will also cause an accelerometer to register acceleration, but that doesn't actually tell us anything about the underlying causes or mechanisms. An accelerometer tells us when things "look like" acceleration, which means it "looks like" there is a force acting on it.

@kylelochlann5053

Жыл бұрын

If science never existed you might have a point, if there was to knowledge was faith and philosophy you could debate for all eternity about the nature of forced and which faith and philosophy has the right terminology. However, science exists and we now have the capacity for measurement. It is by direct measurement that there is no force of gravity. Whether this be a simplistic measurement obtained by downloading an accelerometer app to you smartphone and tossing it around and using it in a variety of context and posting the results to KZread, or by some of the most sophisticated measurements ever made by humanity. All measurements, both measure directly that gravity is not a force and measure that gravity cannot be a force, i.e. EEP holds and gravity is necessarily a metric theory. We have a perfectly clear understanding of gravity, so far. The folks in particle physics don't know how to write out the standard model lagrangian in extreme gravity, say near a singularity, or how their matter fields couple to those 10 out of the 20 independent components of the Riemann curvature, but that's really their issue. As far as to why and how a dropped object falls, that much is well-understood.

Oh my wonderful, and thank u Dr don

Great graphic @3:37! Was just trying to picture that after the 2-dimensional graphic earlier

Wow because of this picture (3:38) and animation coupled with the explanation in the background, I can finally understand what the 2 dimensional space time fabric looks like in our 3 dimensional reality. I was never able “see” or comprehend how space time could be 2d in our 3d reality that we live and see things in. Now I can see how 2d space time fabric can exist within our 3d reality. I was never able to picture any of this with the classic flat picture of space time with the earth and sun sitting on top of what looks like a blanket with 2 balls (earth and sun) sinking into the flat surface represented as the space time 2 dimensional fabric that it indeed is. To put it another way, lol I never understood how a 2 dimensional plain could coexist and interact with the 3 dimensional reality we live in. NOW I need to try and see and understand what 4 dimensional looks like in our 3 dimensional reality and what it looks like interacting with 3d reality. Right now I can not picture how or what it looks like for 4d to exist within our 3d reality because right now it seems just as ghost like as how 2d existed in our 3d reality. Is it possible to even be able to see and picture it within 3d reality?

The very first physics lesson in every high school should be a thorough explanation of the phrase "the map is not the territory". There are no physics laws, no physics judges, no physics jails. Every model has limitations, approximations, boundary conditions and so on.

I don't know much better options to prokrastinate, than listen (read subtitles) to Fermilab.

Your introduction was a great hook!

I would love a video on entropic gravity!

i had to look up the meaning of "tautological." Anyway, if we have a 1kg mass suspended one meter from the surface of the earth and another 1kg mass suspended one meter from the surface of the moon, why do they drop at different rates? does the gravity change time or shorten the distance or is there a bigger force applied to the masses?

Such an interesting subject. I wish there was a better way to depict spacetime distortion. In the warped grid depiction, the grid lines bend toward the mass as you approach and then bend away on the other side. A mass following its geodesic and deflected by another mass doesn't warp back away like those lines. I also wish I understood more of Einstein's mechanisms. Momentum, force times time, is mv and is conserved. Kinetic energy, which is force times distance, is 1/2mv^2 and can be converted. If I understand, Einstein's rest energy is proportional to rest mass by a factor of c^2 - but if it's energy, why is it mv^2, not 1/2mv^2? Perhaps the answer isn't for a KZread comment stream. It's probably best found after a few years of college physics and more math than I currently understand. But it's interesting to think about. Life is richer by the musings.

@bman1067

6 ай бұрын

I think, to put it simply, the warped grid is describing what and how a 2 dimensional reality can exist in our 3 dimensional reality. Before that grid animation/picture I could never understand how 2d could exist within a 3d realm. Until this I could only picture the two dimensions parallel with each other instead of coexisting within each other. Now I have that same problem with 4d now. I don’t understand how 4d could possibly exist inside the 2d/3d reality. I can only picture it being completely separate from 2d/3d as if it’s a completely separate universe then the one we are in. Before this I could not simply understand how a 2 dimensional plain could exist within the same plain as our 3d universe as if 2d could only be a totally separate type of reality/universe.