Introduction to Pharmacology

What are drugs? What do they do? How do they do what they do? These questions are part of the field of pharmacology, and over this series we will learn all about a wide variety of different drugs that have clinical use. This will require a lot of prerequisite knowledge in other fields, so make sure to check out some of my other playlists as well, but when you're ready, let's dive into the world of drugs!
Watch the whole Pharmacology playlist: bit.ly/ProfDavePharma
General Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology/Genetics Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
Biopsychology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveBiopsych
Microbiology/Infectious Diseases Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveMicrobio
History of Drugs Videos: bit.ly/ProfDaveHistoryDrugs
Immunology Tutorials: bit.ly/ProfDaveImmuno
EMAIL► ProfessorDaveExplains@gmail.com
PATREON► / professordaveexplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: bit.ly/3aOVDlT

Пікірлер: 150

  • @sambaniago9938
    @sambaniago99383 жыл бұрын

    I'm a pharmacist myself and yet this guy helped me in simplifying the concepts I've been dealing with in my profession. A million thanks Professor Dave! Keep it up!

  • @Shoegaze-

    @Shoegaze-

    Жыл бұрын

    Do you recommend the profession?

  • @onichan924

    @onichan924

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Shoegaze- I’ve heard two of the pharmacists I work with say they would’ve done something else if they could go back. Take that as you will.

  • @onichan924

    @onichan924

    Жыл бұрын

    I’m a pharmacy technician

  • @Rifatbinmaruf

    @Rifatbinmaruf

    Жыл бұрын

    @@onichan924 Do you happen to know why is that the case? I'm a biochem undergrad so the answer would help me decide my career path. Thanks!

  • @onichan924

    @onichan924

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Rifatbinmaruf well it’s just the retail environment… it’s stressful and lately our company at least is overloading our pharmacists with work while cutting their help…. For instance there’s supposed to be 2 pharmacists working together and ever since covid it’s been just one…. But he’s expected the accurately verify every prescription… while giving/pushing vaccines… and being pulled in four different directions from all out technicians. Kinda like when a parent is on the phone and the kid is like” mom mom mom mom” but instead of 1 kid it’s 4 at once. It’s really stressful and their not adequately compensated. It might be different in a hospital/compounding pharmacy setting…

  • @cath.is.an.erizen
    @cath.is.an.erizen4 жыл бұрын

    Hmmm now I understand why Pharmacology is considered one of the most difficult subjects in med courses It's because it needs these: Chemistry, Biochem, Bio, Anatomy and Physiology, and Microbiology.

  • @ericas9712
    @ericas97124 жыл бұрын

    I’m a pharmacy student and I am SO EXCITED for this because your videos always clear things up for me and I just started pharmacology this semester!

  • @mohsinsaeed717

    @mohsinsaeed717

    3 жыл бұрын

    how's ur studies now

  • @unknownuser-zk7qv

    @unknownuser-zk7qv

    3 жыл бұрын

    is it hard? Is it all about chemistry?

  • @subhanallahwabihamdihi5966

    @subhanallahwabihamdihi5966

    2 жыл бұрын

    Would you say pharmacology is the most difficult part of studying pharmacy?

  • @_recognize

    @_recognize

    2 жыл бұрын

    Answer the comments😭😂

  • @META4Music
    @META4Music2 жыл бұрын

    I’m studying pre pharmacy currently. This series as well as the history of medicine series have been extremely interesting to me!

  • @mayaralabasiry473
    @mayaralabasiry4734 жыл бұрын

    I’ve been watching Pr. Dave explains since I was taking my IGCSE Chemistry and Biology courses and now I’m still enjoying his videos while I’m in University in Faculty of Pharmacy🥰

  • @medicokhan1607

    @medicokhan1607

    3 жыл бұрын

    So nice

  • @bramuelkoech160

    @bramuelkoech160

    3 жыл бұрын

    From Kenya in faculty of pharmacy too do you mind we do exchange numbers for diversity and exchange of ideas.

  • @bassamy.1146

    @bassamy.1146

    2 жыл бұрын

    w eh tany

  • @fishsoda9652

    @fishsoda9652

    2 жыл бұрын

    have you graduated?

  • @SENA2100
    @SENA21004 жыл бұрын

    Hell yah i am a medical student and I've been struggling with pharmacology can't wait for this playlist

  • @fakechloe207

    @fakechloe207

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'm a dental student, and I'm struggling with it too.

  • @pablolopez3166

    @pablolopez3166

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@fakechloe207 I'm nothing in particular and I don't know if I'm struggling with something at all.

  • @Zetsuke4

    @Zetsuke4

    4 жыл бұрын

    Same but he isn't going to cover medical pharmacology, it's too complicated for him. This video is more for middle to high school students studying the medicinal chemistry option for pharmaceutical products and drugs action in their chemistry curriculum.

  • @fakechloe207

    @fakechloe207

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Zetsuke4 oh

  • @bepbop3243

    @bepbop3243

    4 жыл бұрын

    Zetsuke4 i dont know how it's "too complicated" for him when the resources are available for anyone who would like to learn

  • @alexandria4307
    @alexandria43074 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for starting this series!!!!!! I've been eagerly anticipating it!!! I can't wait to see the rest of the series.

  • @sarahgaspar8745
    @sarahgaspar87453 жыл бұрын

    you are one of the few people on this planet that can keep my adhd brain focused. these videos are lifesavers

  • @robson6285
    @robson62854 жыл бұрын

    Yes!! This is interesting! This is gonna be one of the most interesting and most watched series of his lessons, i think! I'm really glad he started to teach about this subject, and i think many more! So: thanks for this lessons!

  • @ddfelder2
    @ddfelder24 жыл бұрын

    Whoooaaa... love the haircut! Definitely looking forward to the series!

  • @cguy96
    @cguy964 жыл бұрын

    I look forward to your content on bioequivalence and biosimilarity. Things have come a long way. I remember a number of years ago when I would get into a discussion with a pharmacist (Ph.D.) who would argue that the term bioequivalence as applied to generics meant that the generics were identical to the brand name. Now, they all know that there is a precise FDA meaning behind bioequivalence for Orange Book listed drugs, and it doesn’t mean identical. This series should be very interesting. I have a feeling I will be learning a number of new things!

  • @colettenilo3006
    @colettenilo300620 күн бұрын

    appreciate all you do in this channel. one of my favorite on any platform.

  • @hl778
    @hl7784 жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much professor Dave for making a pharmacology series! Bless you sir!

  • @chemistrychannel5021
    @chemistrychannel50214 жыл бұрын

    Wow! I'm first year pharmacy student and I don't take pharmacology yet instead I'm taking pharmaceutics but I always like to watch your new videos as always you are just perfect dude!!!💌

  • @CompletingTheCircuit
    @CompletingTheCircuit3 ай бұрын

    Seriously, you have a detailed and well made video series on EVERYTHING! I love it; thank you so much!!

  • @Jonas-qg6jw
    @Jonas-qg6jw2 жыл бұрын

    I'm studying pharmacy right now and it's fun to go back and refresh my memory! Thanks for this!

  • @chloemurphy876
    @chloemurphy8764 жыл бұрын

    Yay! Pharmacy student here, can’t wait for this series!

  • @slouch186
    @slouch1862 жыл бұрын

    thanks professor Dave I've been interested in pharmacology as a layperson for a while and i think this series will be really interesting + helpful.

  • @mohammedkazem9607
    @mohammedkazem96074 жыл бұрын

    Please finish the series before the end of the semester 🙏 i love you man😍😍

  • @MegaBev
    @MegaBev4 жыл бұрын

    Dave is there anything you're not good at? Thank you so much!!!!

  • @suyeonlim2549
    @suyeonlim2549 Жыл бұрын

    Professor, because of your lectures, I'm considering seriously whether I have to join youtube premium or not. I think you are really genius!

  • @semiconductorsinarabic4090
    @semiconductorsinarabic40904 жыл бұрын

    keep it up, your content is very detailed and organized. Thanks a lot.

  • @claranumberone
    @claranumberone4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you Professor DAVE!

  • @aberabezabih7906
    @aberabezabih79063 ай бұрын

    You are an endemic prof .who is complete in all aspects.

  • @chenwiirene3394
    @chenwiirene33944 жыл бұрын

    This is so helpful. Thanks so much. Please make more pharma videos

  • @Eludinium
    @EludiniumАй бұрын

    I've just finished first year and the 2nd yearers said this was the most difficult (biomedical science), so I'm getting ahead during summer break. Thank-you for making this possible!

  • @andreaapaiper6530
    @andreaapaiper6530 Жыл бұрын

    Professor Dave has inspired me since I started watching his videos

  • @gunp0wderr0cks
    @gunp0wderr0cks4 жыл бұрын

    the world needs more people like him

  • @SamuelTrademarked
    @SamuelTrademarked3 жыл бұрын

    Love these videos, despite not even being in highschool. Keep going Dave, and don't ever give up! I wish I had a way to donate because honestly, all of this content is too good to be free.

  • @PeaceboneGotFound
    @PeaceboneGotFound3 жыл бұрын

    Your videos are so helpful! Thank you!

  • @cyphersimp5966
    @cyphersimp59662 жыл бұрын

    As a person who just purchased an online course on pharmacology with 0 deep understanding of the above mentioned categories, to say I'm overwhelmed is an understatement

  • @Putri_NK
    @Putri_NK7 ай бұрын

    THIS is what i have been searching for selama ini!! Akhirnya ketemuu

  • @dyancarlos9332
    @dyancarlos93324 жыл бұрын

    can’t wait for pharmacy school next year!

  • @lcarliner
    @lcarliner4 жыл бұрын

    What I would like is a video on how dosage levels are determined for new drugs.

  • @curtpiazza1688
    @curtpiazza16882 жыл бұрын

    Great info in less than 8 min!

  • @KingEyeball-pm4vj
    @KingEyeball-pm4vj2 жыл бұрын

    I’m excited to go to college for pharmacology and toxicology!!

  • @shaabanzraromar4897
    @shaabanzraromar48972 жыл бұрын

    Great thanks professor Dave

  • @DudeWhoSaysDeez
    @DudeWhoSaysDeez4 жыл бұрын

    Another great video

  • @MansiHealthcarePharmacy
    @MansiHealthcarePharmacyАй бұрын

    Very helpful videos

  • @ieatamclean6435
    @ieatamclean64354 жыл бұрын

    Thank you prof

  • @zhraahamed3092
    @zhraahamed30924 жыл бұрын

    Keep going prof.💪

  • @alexandruionut8553
    @alexandruionut85534 жыл бұрын

    In 3 years i will learn pharmacology,i M first year of Pharmacy School. I heard a lot about this course:))

  • @eunikenatasya1914
    @eunikenatasya19142 жыл бұрын

    god bless u for saving my pharmacology grade

  • @martinarenzi4744
    @martinarenzi47447 ай бұрын

    Thank you Prof Dave❤ super useful video as always ❤ please make a playlist on pharmaceutical chemistry, specifically on structure, synthesis, mechanism and structure-activity relationship SAR of these: Sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole), quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), cephalosporins (6 APA, 7 ACA, cefalexin), oxazolidinones (linezolid), antifungals (miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, isavuconazole, ravuconazole), antitubercular (bedaquiline, delamanid), antimalarial (chloroquine, primaquinine, quinine), antiviral (Oseltamivir, Doravirina, Darunavir, Bictegravir, Glecaprevir, Aciclovir) anti COVID (remdesivir), GI tract (omeprazole), anticancer (paclitaxel, vorinostat)

  • @nickariaz6426
    @nickariaz64264 жыл бұрын

    Awesome!

  • @pandaishere9236
    @pandaishere92362 жыл бұрын

    i fell in love with pharmacology

  • @ShahFahadKhan
    @ShahFahadKhan4 жыл бұрын

    Nice lecture sir

  • @wafflegamerxox6575
    @wafflegamerxox65753 жыл бұрын

    Professor Dave to the rescue once again!

  • @badassmuppet1049
    @badassmuppet10494 жыл бұрын

    Thank you :)

  • @williamhasewinkle7113
    @williamhasewinkle7113 Жыл бұрын

    Do u recommend the table of receptors in Goodman and Gilman that states where u find each receptor in the body? Like alpha receptors in the circulatory system or beta receptors in the bronchi.

  • @cazzawazzadingdong5139
    @cazzawazzadingdong51394 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for this informative video. I don't deny the importance of various life-saving drugs on the market today, however, I do feel as though we are increasingly turning to pharmaceuticals, for lifestyle-related disease, rather than identifying the underlying root cause.

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    Is that conclusion based on facts or feelings? Hint: it's the latter.

  • @cazzawazzadingdong5139

    @cazzawazzadingdong5139

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ProfessorDaveExplains No it's based on science. It is well known that elements of lifestyle, such as no exercise, poor diet, smoking, and stress, are known to affect health and put us at higher risk of disease and mortality. Did you miss the part where I said "lifestyle-related disease" Considering the below statistics my comment that we turn to drugs rather than intervention is warranted. www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db347.htm

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    Why do these realms even deserve to be related? Prevention and treatment have nothing to do with each other. Plus, I'm pretty sure our current culture is obsessed with diet and exercise. It's practically a cult. I'm more concerned with the alt-health industry peddling misinformation and "alternative" treatments that promote anti-science mentality. It's very damaging.

  • @cazzawazzadingdong5139

    @cazzawazzadingdong5139

    4 жыл бұрын

    ​@@ProfessorDaveExplains"Why is this related"? Simply because many of your watchers are future medical professionals and I was merely pointing out the fact that healthy lifestyle practises such as "nutrition is insufficiently incorporated into medical education, regardless of country, setting, or year of medical education and these deficits in nutrition education affect students' knowledge, skills, and confidence to implement nutrition care into patient care" according to lancet journals meta-analysis of 24 studies www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS25425196(19)30171-8/fulltext "I'm pretty sure" you are making unwarranted assumptions .;) ( just some banter for the"feelings" comment - well-played btw, you are correct, feelings have no place in science). If diet and exercise were indeed the primary focus of this so-called majority "cult" then lifestyle diseases would not be noted as a leading cause of all-cause mortality by the WHO. I'm with you on alternative treatments promoting anti-science, it is indeed damaging.

  • @ashleyburns5497
    @ashleyburns54972 жыл бұрын

    So I want to say ty cause I’m Learning about this

  • @plutobaby9996
    @plutobaby9996 Жыл бұрын

    I hope professor dave lives forever

  • @stoic_ape9518
    @stoic_ape95183 жыл бұрын

    Thank you. So. So much

  • @NewWesternFront
    @NewWesternFront2 жыл бұрын

    you da real deal. a lot of other tutors on youtube get too much praise in the comment section. yours is actually well-deserved. by the way what is your tattoo?

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    2 жыл бұрын

    check "ask professor dave #3"

  • @RobertoCarlos-hd4lf
    @RobertoCarlos-hd4lf3 жыл бұрын

    Thanks

  • @dunjavasiljevic7815
    @dunjavasiljevic78154 жыл бұрын

    yeeess need this

  • @andrealucecita
    @andrealucecita4 жыл бұрын

    In a few months i will start my first year of pharmacy seeing this video inspire me to study this career. Im very excited :D Sorry for my english im still learning, greetings from Chile 🇨🇱 Thanks you for your amazing videos!

  • @DrMeenakshiPharmacology
    @DrMeenakshiPharmacology2 жыл бұрын

    good one

  • @dna7767
    @dna77674 жыл бұрын

    been watching since 2ndary school, now pharm student, keep it up

  • @chemistrychannel5021
    @chemistrychannel50214 жыл бұрын

    I'm taking a biochemistry course and I will watch the biochemistry series !👍👌👀

  • @3lifetimes
    @3lifetimes4 жыл бұрын

    Hi there. It seems this playlist is blocked and marked private. Will it be made accessible at some point?

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    yep they all get released on a specific schedule!

  • @aaklii
    @aaklii2 жыл бұрын

    Do you know about the books which help us to understand how the brain affects human behavior? For example, you might know that addiction is due to the secretion of dopamine in the brain, so I want to understand exactly which chemicals are responsible for different kinds of behaviors.

  • @neeliadiez7699
    @neeliadiez76993 жыл бұрын

    Very informative ❤🎂

  • @akshitaguhathakurta4851
    @akshitaguhathakurta48513 жыл бұрын

    I am now in class 9 and hope to study medical later...........watching this video is really amazing for me

  • @nahiyantasmim

    @nahiyantasmim

    2 жыл бұрын

    You need best gpa

  • @janastewart6313
    @janastewart6313 Жыл бұрын

    Could you please make a video explaining synaptic potentials ?? For example excitatory and inhibitory pathways, depolarization vs hyperpolarization, and the mechanisms of glutamate and GABA.

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    Жыл бұрын

    Check my biopsychology series!

  • @akshitaguhathakurta4851
    @akshitaguhathakurta48513 жыл бұрын

    I hope there are a lot of seats in medical

  • @rickashley4013
    @rickashley40132 жыл бұрын

    why am i even here, i’m literally in my first year of middle school but anyway good luck with your studies guys

  • @Royce133c
    @Royce133c6 ай бұрын

    Please make more videos related to medicine and pharmacology

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    6 ай бұрын

    More coming soon!

  • @quantum_parody
    @quantum_parody Жыл бұрын

    Top.. Man

  • @ceosuji
    @ceosuji4 жыл бұрын

    Hey man thanks for your work, if i take your math course would i be college ready for a STEM ready? Also if it's not too much to ask can you recommend a statistics playlist?

  • @paywast7344
    @paywast73443 жыл бұрын

    Plz keep going with this play list

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    3 жыл бұрын

    yep i'm planning more now!

  • @backstreetfan2887

    @backstreetfan2887

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@ProfessorDaveExplains hooray!

  • @orthox7407
    @orthox74074 жыл бұрын

    what's the difference between pharmacology and pharmacy?

  • @UppalFamilyAdventures

    @UppalFamilyAdventures

    3 жыл бұрын

    Pharmacy is focused on the dispensing of drugs. Pharmacology is more about creating new drugs, and improving the drugs which already exist.

  • @SupremePaulie
    @SupremePaulie3 жыл бұрын

    I miss his hair ;( it’s okay tho, great video Dave

  • @blocksoflife9652
    @blocksoflife96523 жыл бұрын

    Please can you do a video which is very in depth about the please can you do a video which is very in depth about the immune system

  • @PalasBrown
    @PalasBrown5 ай бұрын

    i am about to get in pharmacology major in my college

  • @markm919100
    @markm9191004 жыл бұрын

    Hey does anyone know when this is going to be out? P.s love Dave

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    i think i have these coming out one every two weeks for now, i only made 5 so far, i have to write a bunch more and shoot them and maybe they will be weekly

  • @markm919100

    @markm919100

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@ProfessorDaveExplains ok got it and ty for the quick reply! Also do you offer any content that requires payment because I would be definitely interested if there was anything else that you were offering and do you know any good things to read that break down these subjects like you do? Thanks again btw you've helped me so much

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    nope all my content is free! but of course if you feel like supporting me as i continue to make content, patreon and paypal are excellent options :)

  • @jeanedsan2305
    @jeanedsan23054 жыл бұрын

    Please i really need help can you teach me

  • @desiremangha3463
    @desiremangha346310 ай бұрын

    Standard

  • @magicaltimewithzaara
    @magicaltimewithzaara3 жыл бұрын

    Sir I like ur lactures

  • @Zetsuke4
    @Zetsuke44 жыл бұрын

    Pharmaceuticals is so difficult

  • @kannankamal5446
    @kannankamal54463 жыл бұрын

    Need more video from professor for medicine subject

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    3 жыл бұрын

    coming soon stay tuned!

  • @aarogen8530
    @aarogen85304 жыл бұрын

    Do you teach in colleges?

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    I used to, yes.

  • @naigocirrot2027
    @naigocirrot202711 күн бұрын

    Thank you, Science Jesus

  • @oscargarcia2011
    @oscargarcia20114 жыл бұрын

    Hi Prof! When's your birthday?

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    4 жыл бұрын

    July 22nd!

  • @sarahhamadeh124
    @sarahhamadeh1243 жыл бұрын

    Can a chemist do a master in pharmacology?

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    3 жыл бұрын

    certainly

  • @ghostagent3552
    @ghostagent35522 жыл бұрын

    Seriously, are there anything Dave doesn't know?

  • @OldSkoolC10
    @OldSkoolC103 жыл бұрын

    Can we get a pharmacology video relating to anabolic steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators??

  • @nestorenriquez3284
    @nestorenriquez32843 жыл бұрын

    Ow he cut his hair. It looks good on him.

  • @debojyotighosh3060
    @debojyotighosh30604 жыл бұрын

    first view first like

  • @babarazamsucks
    @babarazamsucks4 жыл бұрын

    First!

  • @MemeBiologist
    @MemeBiologist10 ай бұрын

    im about to become an expert on drugs and become the next Walter White 👻

  • @NEETmedicalGK
    @NEETmedicalGK2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks Professor. Subscribe

  • @ayelilram6731
    @ayelilram67312 жыл бұрын

    yo jesus!!!!! where yo hair????

  • @terminusest5902
    @terminusest59025 ай бұрын

    The idea of natural being good and synthetic bad is incorrect. There are many natural toxins that can cause serious harm. Though in very small doses may have some benefit. Many modern drugs were developed from existing natural chemicals. And many commonly used and effective drugs can be dangerous in excessive doses. So for both natural and synthetic chemicals may be used effectively or used badly with toxic effects. Any chemical needs to be used correctly. And chemicals can effect different chemicals differently. I once had a patient prescribed with a potentially deadly dose of warfarin. Warfarin is used to thin blood and stop clotting. After checking a few sources I found that my patient had a very high tolerance for warfarin. Warfarin has been around for a long time. It is used in baits to kill rats. When given to people a number of checks are needed. This may include a blood clotting test to calculate the dosage. So this is developed from a natural chemical. And it can be used or misused. And doctors and nurses need to take extra steps to ensure its safe use. But it is also very cheap and effective so it is still widely used. It saves many lives'. An example of a natural chemical widely used for many years and remains safe when used correctly. There are many other examples. Some very good drugs that need to be used safely. Warfarin can protect against dangerous blood clots. There are a number of other options that include synthetic chemicals. Some are very costly. And have slightly different benefits. Some people just use small doses of aspirin which is also a naturally occurring drug also used for pain. And also very cheap.

  • @adamtraper1271
    @adamtraper12714 жыл бұрын

    much better without that hair

  • @nadasou
    @nadasou Жыл бұрын

    Seldom use 'drug', it is a word less precise than 'medicine'.

  • @ProfessorDaveExplains

    @ProfessorDaveExplains

    Жыл бұрын

    It's quite clearly defined actually.

  • @rudbergalitzine
    @rudbergalitzine2 жыл бұрын

    Very off topic but WHERE'S JESUS

  • @marcanthonyalvaro4254
    @marcanthonyalvaro42542 жыл бұрын

    @Angelica alvaro